Ekutholakaleni okudabukisayo, ososayensi abavela emanyuvesi amaningana eSpain baxhumanise isiphepho esikhulu sesichotho esenzeka esifundazweni saseGirona ngo-Agasti 2022 kanye nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Futhi kuya ngokuya kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwanda kwesichotho kubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezigameko ezimbi kakhulu ezweni lethu Kuyisihloko esiqhubeka nokuba yisihloko socwaningo lwesayensi nenkulumompikiswano.
Isichotho esingokomlando
Abacwaningi abavela e-Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), i-University of Valladolid (UVA) kanye ne-Pablo de Olavide University of Seville (UPO) banqume ukuthi ukuhlangana kwegagasi lokushisa olwandle kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu kudlale indima ebalulekile indima ekubukeni kwesichotho esingakaze sibonwe, esinamatshe esichotho afinyelela ku-12 cm ububanzi, esifundazweni saseGirona ngo-Agasti 30, 2022. Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukunyuka kwesichotho ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
I-Complutense University ibike namuhla lokho Abacwaningi baye basungula, ngokokuqala ngqa, ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nalolu hlobo oluthile lwezigigaba ngokusebenzisa ukulingiswa kwezinombolo. Ochwepheshe baqokomisa ngokuqondile iqiniso lokuthi ukwakheka kwe-supercell, isiphepho esikhulu nesibhubhisayo esijikelezayo, kwaqhutshwa izinga elingakaze libonwe lamandla okuguqula. Lawa mandla okusebenza asebenza njengesisusa sokwakhiwa kwala maseli amakhulu kakhulu emkhathini, okuholela esiphephweni esinamandla kakhulu esikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesichotho esikhulu. Isichotho salolu bukhulu sidala umonakalo omkhulu ngokomzimba nangokwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngemuva kwesiphepho, esithinte kakhulu isifunda sase-Baix Empordà, Ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwabonwa ezimotweni, ophahleni nasezinsimini zezitshalo, ukulimala okuningi futhi, ngeshwa, ukufa kokuqala. eqoshwe eYurophu ngenxa yesichotho eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokucwaninga ezehlakalweni zesimo sezulu esibi kusiholela ekubhekeni ezinhlelweni zokuhlaziya ezisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu zokuvikela.
Kungani isichotho siba njalo?
U-Mariano Sastre, umcwaningi ku-Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics e-UCM, ugqamise ukubaluleka kocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kwethu ukuvela kwesichotho esibi kakhulu. Iphinde igcizelele ukuphuthuma kokuqaliswa kwamasu okulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokudambisa imiphumela yako eyingozi, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini esengozini yokungenwa yimithelela yako.
Abacwaningi benze ucwaningo, okutholwe kulo kwashicilelwa ku-Geophysical Research Letters, ngokwenza amasethi amabili ahlukene okulingiswa kwezinombolo. Isethi yokuqala iphindaphinde izimo zamanje, ukuhlaziya izimo zezulu zamanje, kuyilapho eyesibili idale kabusha izinga langaphambi kwezimboni, elimelela inkomba yezinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kweNguquko Yezimboni.
Lesi sikhathi saziwa njengesiqalo sokukhululwa njalo nokuqhubekayo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa anthropogenic. Kwakuphakathi nalolu cwaningo lapho ukwakheka kwamatshe esichotho amakhulu kwenziwa lula ukushisa olwandle. Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungabhebhethekisa kanjani lezi zenzakalo, sincoma ukuthi uhlole.
Abacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi leli zinga elithile lisebenza njengophawu lokukala umthelela walokhu kukhishelwa kanye nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagcizelele ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zangaphambi kwemboni, imodeli ihlale ikhiqiza osayizi besichotho abancane kakhulu kunalabo ababonwa ngokoqobo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamazinga okushisa olwandle neziphepho eziguquguqukayo kusalokhu kuyindaba eyinhloko ekuqondeni lezi zenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu.
Okutholakele futhi kunikeza ukuqonda ngokubaluleka kwegagasi lokushisa olwandle, isenzakalo lapho izinga lokushisa lolwandle noma lolwandle likhuphuka kakhulu, ekukhuthazeni umoya "oguqukayo" osiza ukuthuthukiswa kwesichotho esikhulu. Ukuze uqonde umthelela walawa maza okushisa ku-meteorology, kuhle ukuthi uthintane nezinsiza ezifana nalezi umqondo wophahla lwamafu kanye nobudlelwano bayo namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
U-Sastre wachaza ukuthi lapho ukulingisa kuqeda kokubili ukuphoqelelwa kwe-anthropogenic kanye nomthelela wegagasi lokushisa olwandle, kwaba nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwezimo eziguquguqukayo ezivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwesichotho esikhulu. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekusungulweni kwephrothokholi eyisixwayiso engazisa ngempumelelo isibalo sabantu ngezichotho ezingaba khona.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kanye nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubikezela ezinembe kakhudlwana kungenza umehluko ekuvikeleni imiphakathi esengozini.
Izinjongo zophenyo
Enye yezinhloso ezilandelayo zabacwaningi ukusiza ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwesexwayiso izinsizakalo zesimo sezulu ezingalusebenzisa ukwazisa umphakathi ngokushesha uma kwenzeka isigameko esifanayo esikhathini esizayo. Isichotho esibhubhisayo esenzeka ngo-Agasti 30, 2022 kumasipala wase-La Bisbal d'Empordà, e-Girona, sadabukisa kakhulu i-Spain. Lesi sigameko esiyinhlekelele sabangela ukufa kabuhlungu kuka ingane enezinyanga ezingu-20 yalimaza abantu abangu-67, kuyilapho amabhola eqhwa afinyelela kumasentimitha angu-12 ububanzi enile.
Izithombe eziphazamisayo ezithwetshulwe izakhamuzi zibonise lawa matshe amakhulu ecwila emachibini, afana neshawa ye-meteor futhi edala isimo se-apocalyptic. Manje sekutholakele ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yale nhlekelele kwakuwukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya okubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu. Ukuvimbela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo zalolu bukhulu, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokujulisa izifundo ezixhumanisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezigameko ezimbi kakhulu.
Encwadini esanda kushicilelwa kujenali i-Geophysical Research Letters, uCarlos Calvo Sancho kanye nethimba lakhe bethula abakutholile ocwaningweni lwabo, olusebenzise ukulingiswa kwezinombolo ukucacisa izici ezinomthelela ekuqineni kwesiphepho ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yamandla omkhathi amaningi kanye negagasi lokushisa olwandle phakathi nalelo hlobo laseMedithera lilodwa kungase kubangele ubukhulu besiphepho. Lezi zinhlobo zezigigaba ziqinisa isidingo sokuqinisa izinqubomgomo zemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kwethonya lokufudumala okubangelwa umuntu, ukwakheka kwesichotho esikhulu kangaka kwakungeke kwenzeke. Lesi sichotho singesikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zabhalwa ezweni lakithi futhi saholela kabuhlungu ekulahlekelweni kwempilo eyodwa, ukufa kokuqala okudalwe yisichotho kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Umphakathi wesayensi uyaqhubeka nokufuna izindlela zokunciphisa lezi zingozi ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe nokuhlela.
Inani lesichotho esikhulu likhule kakhulu. NgokukaCalvo Sancho, umcwaningi we-predoctoral e-University of Valladolid (UVa), lapho ukulingisa kusetshenziswa amazinga okushisa olwandle ajwayelekile kuleso sikhathi esithile sonyaka, i-supercell ethuthuke phezu kwe-Girona ihlala injalo, kodwa akukho sisindo esikhulu ngokungavamile esakhiwayo. isichotho. Ukuthambekela eminyakeni yamuva kukhomba ukwanda kokuqina kanye nemvamisa yalezi zenzakalo, okuyisihloko sokuhlaziya emphakathini waseYurophu we-meteorological. Lo mkhuba oshaqisayo uholele ekutheni ochwepheshe ezingeni laseYurophu bahlonze isichotho njenga usongo olunamandla kakhulu oluhambisana nesimo sezulu esibi esikhathini esizayo. Umthelela oqondile onawo kubantu, ezolimo, kanye nempahla kwenza kube isenzakalo esikhathaza kakhulu.
