Umkhakha we amandla omoya I-United States ibhekene nesikhathi soguquko olungakaze lubonwe, emhlabeni jikelele nasendaweni. Naphezu kwezinselelo eziningi zezomnotho nezokusebenza ezitholwe eminyakeni yamuva, u-2024 ubone ukuphakama okurekhodiwe ekufakweni kwamandla omoya amasha, kuhlanganisa isikhundla se-China njengomdlali oyinhloko emakethe nokusheshisa ukushintshela kumamodeli asimama kakhudlwana e-Europe nase-Spain. Imibiko emisha yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlelo zikazwelonke zibonisa ukuthi amandla omoya aqhubeka kanjani ukwephula amarekhodi, kodwa futhi agqamisa isidingo Ukuxazulula izithiyo zokulawula, zomphakathi, nezobuchwepheshe ezithinta intuthuko egcwele yomkhakha.
Kulo mongo wokukhula okusimeme, iSpain nezifunda zayo zisheshisa ukuqaliswa kokusungulwa kwamapaki, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezindawo ezimisiwe, namaphrojekthi asekelwe ekubambisaneni komphakathi nezizimele kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemvelo. Konke lokhu ngeso elibheke ikusasa lapho umoya kusemqoka ekususweni kwekhabhoni, ekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo zasemakhaya kanye nokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha.
Ibhalansi yamazwe ngamazwe: I-China, i-Europe kanye nokuthuthuka okungenakuvinjelwa kwamandla omoya
IGlobal Wind Energy Council (i-GWEC) ibhalise ukufakwa kwabanye Amamegawathi angama-127.000 XNUMX kwamandla amasha omoya ngo-2024 emhlabeni wonke, ukwanda okukhulu konyaka okwaziwayo. Esilinganisweni sabakhiqizi bezinjini zomoya, ukubusa kwe-Asia kuyamangaza, kunezinkampani ezine zaseShayina ezithatha izikhundla eziphezulu: i-Goldwind, i-Envision, i-Mingyang ne-Windey. Ngemuva kwabo kukhona ama-classics aseYurophu anjengeVestas, i-Nordex ne-Siemens Gamesa, agcina ithonya lawo ezimakethe zezwekazi, lapho isabelo somphakeli wendawo idlula ama-90%.
China akuholeli kuphela ekukhiqizeni, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa, cishe I-80 GW amapulazi omoya axhunywe ngo-2024, ayibeka kahle ngaphambi kwe-United States noma iJalimane. Lobu buholi kungenxa yemakethe yasekhaya eqinile kanye nokuthuthuka kwezinkampani zaseShayina zamazwe ngamazwe, nakuba iYurophu isalokhu iyisizinda esivikelekile sabakhiqizi baseNtshonalanga. Umkhuba womhlaba wonke ukhombisa ukuthi umoya Ayigcini nje ngokuqhubeka nokuphula amarekhodi ayo, kodwa iphinde ibhekane nezinselele ezibalulekile: ukugcinwa kwemikhawulo yenzuzo, imigoqo yokulawula, kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubambisana okungcono phakathi kwezimboni nohulumeni.
Amapulazi omoya omusha kanye nokunika amandla kabusha e-Spain: ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifunda
ISpain ihlanganisa isikhundla sayo kumephu yaseYurophu umoya con iphrojekthi entsha yokwakha kanye nesimanjemanjeIpulazi lomoya lase-Labraza Ezweni Lase-Basque kuzoba ngelokuqala ukufika ku-inthanethi esifundeni kusukela ngo-2006, lihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi nezizimele kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuvela kwa-Siemens Gamesa. Ifakwe ama-40 MW kanye nezinjini zomoya eziyisishiyagalombili zesimanjemanje, izonyusa amandla omoya afakiwe ngo-26% emphakathini futhi izokhiqiza ugesi ovuselelekayo ezindlini ezingu-30.000, ukugwema amathani ayi-16.300 e-CO2 ngonyaka.
Le phrojekthi, egqugquzelwa yinkampani i-Aixeindar (ephethwe yi-Iberdrola kanye ne-Basque Energy Agency), igqame kakhulu umphumela kagandaganda ezimbonini zasekhaya, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ngqo, kanye neziphakamiso zomphakathi okuhloswe ngazo ukuzuza izakhamuzi zomasipala abathintekile. Ihlanganisa futhi izinyathelo ezintsha zemvelo njengamathuluzi okuvikela izinyoni nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo, ngenhloso yokwenza isizukulwane esivuselelekayo sihambisane nokongiwa kwemvelo.
E-Galicia, i- ukunika amandla Ukushintshwa kwamaturbine omoya amadala ngamayunithi esimanje, anamandla, njengeMalpica noma amapulazi omoya eNaturgy eMonte Redondo, Novo, naseSomozas, kuzoholela ekushintshweni kwamakhulu ezinjini zomoya ezindala. Lokhu kuzovumela i- ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa, ukunciphisa umthelela obonakalayo kanye nemvelo, futhi sigcine ukuhlalisana nemiphakathi yasemakhaya. I-Naturgy ne-Statkraft ihola le mizamo, izuza ezimalini zase-Europe futhi isebenzisana nohulumeni bezifunda ukukhuthaza ukusimama nentuthuko yendawo.
Izinselelo ezisheshayo namathenda: icala laseJalimane kanye nokujwayela kweSpanishi
Umongo waseYurophu ukhombisa a ukukhula kwamandla ekunikezelweni kwamandla amasha omoyaEJalimane, ithenda yesibili yasogwini ka-2025 isiphinde yadlula isidingo, kwaklonyeliswa ngo-3.447 MW kanye nezicelo ezidlula inani elitholakalayo ngaphezu kwama-44%. Lo mkhuba okhuphukayo uchazwa yi- ukunciphisa zokulawula kanye nezinjongo ezicacile zokwandisa indawo enikezelwe ezintweni ezivuselelekayo, nakuba isidingo sokulungisa amagridi kagesi ukuze amunce ukweqa okulindelekile ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngo-2026 kuyagcizelelwa.
ESpain, i- ukwanda kanye nokwenza kube yisimanjemanje Amandla omoya abhekene nezinselelo zokulawula kanye nesidingo sokuqinisekisa isiqiniseko esingokomthetho sokuheha abatshalizimali kanye nokufeza izinjongo zesimo sezulu ezibekwe yi-EU. I-Xunta de Galicia kanye noHulumeni waseGalician bakugxekile ukuntula ukubona izinto kusengaphambili ezilawulayo kuhulumeni omkhulu futhi bafuna izinyathelo zokuthi yenza izinqubo zibe lula, isiqinisekiso se- intshisekelo yomphakathi wezinto ezivuselelekayo kanye nokuhlanganisa uhlaka oluzinzile oluvuna intuthuko elinganayo yomkhakha.
Amandla omoya angasogwini nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe: amathuba eNhlonhlo yase-Iberia
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe- umoya wasogwini ontantayo kuvula amathuba amasha ezimboni eSpain nasePortugal, nakuba ukungaqiniseki kuqhubeka ezinhlelweni zokubhida kanye nokuntuleka kosonkontileka abakhethekile nemikhumbi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yinkampani yabaxhumanisi i-AFRY lugcizelela ukubaluleka kokucacisa imithetho yomdlalo kanye nokuguqula izikhumulo zibe izizinda zokukhiqiza nokuthekelisa izingxenye zasolwandle. Abaholi bamabhizinisi nezikhungo bayavumelana ngokuthi a isu elisobala futhi a imodeli yokubambisana njengaleyo yaseNetherlands ingenza umehluko ukuthi inhlonhlo ibe i-European benchmark yalobu buchwepheshe.
ESpain, ngaphezu kwalokho I-30 GW Amaphrojekthi angaphesheya kwezilwandle ahlelwa, kuyilapho iPortugal ilungiselela indali yayo yokuqala enkulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakalo zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusebenzisana komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele kuvela njengezici ezibalulekile zesifunda ukuze sisebenzise ithuba lokukhula kwamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezenhlalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha kwezolimo
La ukwamukelwa komphakathi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla omoya nendawo ezungezile iwumgogodla wempumelelo yamaphrojekthi amasha. Imizamo efana nohlelo lwe-European Biowind, ngokubamba iqhaza kweSifunda sase-Murcia, ikhuthaza ukuhlela ukubamba iqhaza kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kugqugquzelwa izinqubomgomo ezisimeme futhi ezivuselelekayo ngokuvumelana. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni bezifunda nezinhlangano zesayensi kuba negalelo kokungaphezulu elungile futhi ephumelelayo, lapho ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kuhambisana.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile ngeLanzarote, lapho amandla omoya asetshenziswa ukunika amandla amasistimu okunisela ezolimo asekelwe ekukhishweni kukasawoti emanzini nasezintweni ezishintshayo. Lezi zixazululo, ezisabalele nakwezinye iziQhingi zaseCanary, ziyizibonelo eziphilayo zendlela emisha ezintweni ezivuselelekayo Ingaguqula imikhakha yendabuko futhi isebenze njengelabhorethri yekusasa lezolimo nokulawulwa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezisengozini.
La amandla omoya eSpain naseYurophu Izwe libhekene nowezi-2025 nengxubevange yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izinselele zokulawula, nokuzibophezela okukhulayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezenhlalo nezemvelo. Kusukela emapulazini omoya amasha kanye nokunika amandla umoya wasogwini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezolimo, lo mkhakha uzibeka njengomunye wemikhankaso ebalulekile yenguquko yangempela yezemvelo, ekwazi ukukhiqiza imisebenzi, ukuvikela imvelo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa kukagesi esimweni soshintsho olusheshayo emhlabeni jikelele.
