Izinhlamvu zegolide ezifunwa kakhulu zakha ikakhulukazi emithanjeni ye-quartz. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokudalwa kwayo zisalokhu zingacacile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yizazi zokwakheka komhlaba e-Australia lunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi imithambo ebalulekile yale mineral ingatholwa kuphi. Ucwaningo luphetha ngokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kukhiqiza insimu kagesi ku-quartz, okuthi kamuva kube lula ukufakwa kwezigaxa zegolide.
Izakhiwo ze-Quartz
I-Quartz ihlukaniswa njengeminerali ye-piezoelectric, okusho ukuthi ikhiqiza inkambu kagesi uma ingaphansi kokucindezeleka kokuma komhlaba, njengalezo ezibangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lakhela phezu kwalolu lwazi, ithimba labacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseMonash eMelbourne lenze izivivinyo zaselabhorethri ngamakristalu e-quartz acwiliswe oketshezini oluqukethe igolide elincibilikisiwe. Balingisa amaza okuzamazama komhlaba ukuze bafake ingcindezi kukristalu futhi bakhiqize amandla kagesi.
Kwase kutholakele ukuthi amadiphozithi egolide ayisisekelo, kanye nama-nuggets amakhulu, ayegxilwe emithanjeni ye-quartz etholakala ezindaweni zokuzamazama komhlaba, ezibizwa ngegolide le-orogenic. Le mithambo iwumphumela wokucindezela okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kwasendulo. Kodwa-ke, indlela eyisisekelo enesibopho sokugxilwa kwalezi zinhlamvu ezibalulekile zegolide ayizange icace kithi.
«Lo chwepheshe uyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okuncane kungabangela ukugcwala kwegolide kuncibilike kulawa manzi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zegolide, okuyinqubo okwakhiwa ngayo ama-nuggets egolide.". Okulandelayo, uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ze-piezoelectric zenzeka.
Amandla kagesi
I-Piezoelectricity yinto ebonakala ezintweni eziningi zansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa amawashi equartz nezitofu zegesi, lapho amandla amancane emishini ekhiqiza amandla kagesi, abonakala njengamandla noma inhlansi. I-mineral quartz, evame ukuqukatha amadiphozithi egolide abalulekile, inezinto ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, Ososayensi bazindle ngemithelela yokuthi ingabe ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kungase kuveze imiphumela efanayo endaweni engaphakathi eMhlabeni.
Ukuze bahlole inkolelo-mbono yabo, abacwaningi bacwilisa amakristalu e-quartz oketshezini olunothe ngegolide futhi basebenzisa injini ukuze bacindezele, belingisa umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba wokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, amasampula e-quartz ahlolwa nge-microscopic ukuze kutholwe ukuthi igolide lifakiwe yini.
"Okutholakele bekungalindelekile," kusho uSolwazi Andy Tomkins, ongomunye wababhali balolu cwaningo waseMonash University's School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment. Uyachaza ukuthi "i-quartz egcizelelwe ayigcinanga kalula ukufakwa kwegolide nge-electrochemical ebusweni bayo, kodwa futhi yaholela ekwakhekeni nasekuqoqweni kwama-nanoparticles egolide. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "igolide libonise ukukhetha ukuzifakela ezinhlamvini zegolide ezazivele zikhona esikhundleni sokukhiqiza ezintsha."
Ngenxa yalokhu okutholakele, ababhali bocwaningo, oluvele kujenali i-Nature Geoscience, babeka ukuthi inqubo ephindaphindwayo elabhorethri ingenzeka nasemvelweni. Basikisela ukuthi uketshezi olunothiswe ngegolide elincibilikisiwe lungangena emifantwini yomthambo we-quartz, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-nuggets lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangela inkambu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-quartz.
Ukutholwa
Ngemva kokubekwa kwegolide kokuqala, izingqimba ezengeziwe zingangezwa ngezenzakalo ezilandelayo ze-piezoelectric, okungenzeka zicacise ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana egolide amakhulu kanye namanethiwekhi egolide ayinkimbinkimbi avame ukubonwa phakathi kokuphuka kwemithambo ye-quartz. Le nqubo yinde ngokuphawulekayo.
Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, le nqubo ingase ibe nomphumela wokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yegolide, ekugcineni kubangele amanoveli amakhulu amangaza abazingeli bengcebo kanye nezazi zokwakheka komhlaba ngokufanayo. Nakuba isikhathi sokuma komhlaba sihamba kancane ngokwemvelo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukubukeka kwalezi zinhlamvu ezinkulu akuveli ngokushesha ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeke kuwo wonke umlando womhlaba obanzi.
Ukwakhiwa kwama-nuggets amakhulu egolide ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba
UChristopher Voisey nethimba lakhe babala amandla kagesi e-piezoelectric iquartz engawakhiqiza ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. Babe sebedlulela elabhorethri, lapho bacwilisa khona amakristalu e-quartz esixazululweni esiqukethe igolide elincibilikile futhi balingisa amaza okuzamazama komhlaba okuyisici sokuzamazama komhlaba ukuze bafake ingcindezi kukristalu, ngaleyo ndlela behlise ugesi we-piezoelectric. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-nanoparticles egolide aqala ukunqwabelana ebusweni be-quartz. I-voltage ekhiqizwa i-quartz yayanele ukuqalisa inqubo yokubeka.
Ababhali bagcina ukuthi le nqubo ingenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo sendawo yaselabhorethri, okusikisela ukuthi ingenzeka ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kubekela inselele umbono wokuthi igolide liyiminerali enomkhawulo ngokwemvelo, nenani layo lisamile kusukela ekwakhiweni koMhlaba.
Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi uketshezi oluqukethe igolide elincibilikisiwe lungangena emifantwini yomthambo we-quartz bese kamuva luguquke lube ama-nuggets lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangela inkambu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-quartz. Kulandela ukubekwa kwegolide kokuqala, igolide elengeziwe lingakhiqizwa phezu kwamadiphozithi akhona ngenxa yezenzakalo ezilandelanayo ze-piezoelectric, ezingachaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamanozu egolide amakhulu.
Ngo-March nyakenye, ukuzamazama komhlaba okulinganiselwa ku-5,7 magnitude kwagadla endaweni emaphakathi yePapua New Guinea, e-Indonesia, okubonisa ukuvela kabusha kwalokhu kuzamazama komhlaba. Le ndawo iyikhaya lemayini yaseGrasberg, eyaziwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kanye nemayini yaseLihir. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Imayini yegolide yaseCortez, eseNevada, e-United States, ihlotshaniswa nendawo ebalulekile yokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi igolide eliseMhlabeni lilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyikhulu zesisindo sayo esiphelele, esilingana namathani ayizigidigidi ezingama-60. Kodwa-ke, iningi laleli golide lihlala enkabeni yoMhlaba, okwenza kungafinyeleleki okwamanje ngobuchwepheshe babantu obukhona. Ngenxa yalokho, kubonakala sengathi intuthuko yesayensi ithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezidaliwe esikhundleni sokumbiwa kwegolide eselivele likhona.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge Ukwakhiwa kwama-nuggets egolide amakhulu avela ku-quartz ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba.