I-State Meteorological Agency iyakuqinisekisa ukuthi ehlobo eledlule bekukhona efudumele kakhulu ebonwe eSpain kusukela kwaqala amarekhodi. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ezwekazini laseSpain lafinyelela 24,2 ºC futhi ibingu-2,1 ºC ngaphezu kwesikhathi sika-1991-2020, yeqa ngokukodwa kweshumi umkhawulo wangaphambili owawubekwe ngo-2022.
Ibhalansi yesimo sezulu, ebheka isikhathi se- Juni 1 kuya ku-Agasti 31, futhi ikhombisa umehluko wezindawo: Iziqhingi zaseBalearic zifinyelele isilinganiso esingu-25,8ºC (+1,5) y I-Canary Islands ifinyelele ku-22,7 ºC (+0,9)Uchungechunge lwezithenjwa ze-AEMET luhlehlela emuva ku-1961, olunikeza umongo wobubanzi baleli rekhodi.
Lokho i-AEMET ekuqinisekisayo nokuthi ikalwe kanjani
I-ejensi ihlukanisa ihlobo njenge "kushisa kakhulu" eNhlonhlweni. Isibalo senziwa ngokuqhathanisa amazinga okushisa abonwayo ne isikhathi sokubhekisela 1991-2020, indinganiso yesimo sezulu esetshenziswa emazweni ngamazwe. I ukudideka okugqamile, okukhulu kuno-3 ºC, zazigxile phakathi nezwe, ngezenzakalo ezikhethekile eGalicia nasezithafeni ezimbili.
Izinyanga, UJuni wayengavamile: Ibe efudumele kakhulu ochungechungeni lwayo kanye nenyanga enokuphambuka okuhle kakhulu eSpain kusukela ngo-1961, +3,6 ºC. U-August naye wayefudumele kakhulu., kuyilapho uJulayi enikeza ukuphumula kwesihlobo engxenyeni yakhe yesibili, ngaphandle kokuvimbela ikota ukuthi ivale ngerekhodi eliphezulu.
Amagagasi okushisa nokuphakama kwehlobo
E-Peninsula naseziqhingini zaseBalearic zabhalwa amagagasi okushisa amabili amakhulu lokho kuhlanganisiwe Izinsuku ezingama-33 ngaphansi kwalesi simo (inani eliphakeme lesibili ngemva kuka-2022). Eyokuqala enwetshiwe phakathi kwe Juni 18 noJulayi 4: ithathe izinsuku eziyi-17, ithintekile Izifundazwe ezingama-40 y Iphakathi kwezinde kakhulu nezibanzi kakhulu njengoba amarekhodi esimanje ekhona.
Igagasi lesibili lenzekile kusuka Agasti 3 kuya ku-18 futhi yayinzima kakhulu: i-anomaly yokushisa engu-4,2 ºC, Izifundazwe ezingama-42 ezithintekile kanye nezinsuku eziyi-16 ubude, okubeka phakathi iziqephu ezinamandla kakhulu ezilotshiweNgalezo zinsuku, inhlonhlo yaqopha izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu elinamanani aphinde afinyelela I-46 ºC.
Phakathi kwezimo ezicindezelayo zasehlobo yilezi: 45,8 ºC e-Jerez de la Frontera y 45,2 ºC e-Morón de la Frontera (August 17). Iziqongo eziphawulekayo nazo zafinyelelwa eningizimu-mpumalanga, njenge 45,1 ºC eMurcia y 45,0 ºC e-Alcantarilla. Ukwanda kwe- ubusuku obushisayo (ubuncane obungaphezu kuka-20 ºC) amakwe kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezisogwini.
Imvula: ihlobo elomile kakhulu elineziphepho ngezikhathi ezithile
Ikota ibinophawu a ukushoda kwemvula eNhlonhlweni: isilinganiso sasi 57 mm, the 81% kokujwayelekile kule sizini, okulenza libe ngelinye lamahlobo elome kakhulu kusukela ngo-1961. Ukoma kwakugqame kakhulu Galicia, Asturias kanye nenyakatho yeCastile neLeón, izindawo ezibuye zibe namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ngokuphambene, i inhlonhlo esenyakatho-mpumalanga (I-Catalonia, i-Aragon ne-Navarre) iqophe umlingiswa kunomswakama noma kunomswakama kakhulu ngu- ukulandelana kweziphepho. Iziqephu eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa: 59,6 mm e-Girona (Julayi 6) futhi i 57,6 mm e-Castellon/Almassora (Julayi 12), amanani amake ukuphakama ochungechungeni lwawo lwasendaweni.
Ukuziphatha kuma-archipelagos bekungalingani: Iziqhingi zaseCanary wethule ihlobo lomhlaba wonke emanzi (nezimvula ezigxile ezindaweni ezithile), ngenkathi ku I-Balearics entshonalanga kwaba yomile noma yome kakhulu futhi impumalanga ibonise izindawo eziningi okumanzi. I amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwemvula Ezindaweni ezinkulu bakha isimo esivumela imililo emikhulu.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo namathrendi
Umkhulumeli we-AEMET ugcizelele ukuthi ngokungangabazeki umkhuba okhuphukayo wamazinga okushisa ehlobo eSpain. Isishiyagalolunye kwe ihlobo eliyishumi elifudumele kakhulu ziyingxenye yekhulu lama-21, kanti i-2022 ingeyesibili, 2023 okwesine y 2024 njengeyesikhombisa yochungechunge. Ngokusho kwesikhungo, amazinga okushisa abonwa ku I-2022 ne-2025 ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezivezwa amamodeli wesimo sezulu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka, okuqinisa ubufakazi bokufudumala kwejubane.
Ukusabela kwezikhungo kanye nenkulumompikiswano yezepolitiki
Ngokunikezwa kwale datha, i-Ministry for Ecological Transition yagcizelela ukuthi isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu singokoqobo futhi wakhuthaza ukuthuthela ku-a Isivumelwano sombuso ezindabeni zesimo sezulu. Lesi siphakamiso, esigqugquzelwe nguHulumeni phakathi nenkathi yomlilo, siphakamisile ukuhlukana phakathi kwamaqembu futhi ekugcineni izodingidwa ikomidi elijwayelekile le-Ecological Transition of Congress, ngemuva kokukhipha isinqumo sokusungulwa kwekomiti elincane elithile.
Ingxenye yokuphikisa isibonisile ukungabaza ngaphambi kwesivumelwano, futhi imemezele ukuthi ngeke ibambe iqhaza emihlanganweni ethile. Ngokuhambisanayo, abezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe Baphinde bavumelana nerekhodi laseSpain kanye nokwanda kwemvamisa namandla amagagasi okushisa eMedithera, bebeka icala laseSpain ngaphakathi kokuthambekela kwesifunda okubanzi.
Ongakulindela ekwindla
Uma sibheka phambili ezinyangeni ezizayo, i-AEMET izibikezelo a ukufudumala kunekwindla evamile ezweni lonke, nge 60-70% amathuba eNhlonhlweni naseziqhingini zaseBalearic nasezindaweni ezizungezile 50% eziqhingini zaseCanary. Ngokuqondene nemvula, amamodeli abonisa lokho ikwindla enemvula ayinakwenzeka, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga nasenkabeni yenhlonhlo naseziqhingini zaseCanary, nakuba i ukungaqiniseki okujwayelekile kule sizini.
Isibikezelo asizibandakanyi iziqephu ezingazodwa ze iziphepho ezinamandla ekwazi ukugxilisa imvula eningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, iphethini esivele ibonwe kuleli hlobo enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ukuqapha isimo sezulu izoqhubeka nokuba semqoka ekuphathweni kwamanzi, ezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuvimbela umlilo.
Ibhalansi entsha ibeka iSpain esimweni lapho i- ihlobo lide, lomile, nelasehlobo elibi kakhulu kuzoba njalo. Idatha ye-AEMET—irekhodi lokushisa, amagagasi okushisa athatha isikhathi eside, nokushoda kwemvula ezweni lonke—ihambisana nendlela ebonwe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje futhi igcizelela isidingo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuhlela kuzo zonke izilinganiso.
