Phakathi kwezilwandle zomhlaba, i- I-Arctic Ocean iyindawo encane kunazo zonke futhi esenyakatho kakhulu yamanzi. Kubhekwa nolwandle olubanda kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu ngoba amanzi alo amaningi ambozwe yiqhwa elikhulu unyaka wonke. Ngaphakathi kunempilo eguqulelwe kulezi zimo ezinobutha zesimo sezulu esibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ingenye yezilwandle ezithinteka kakhulu yimiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu nokushisa komhlaba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitshalo nezilwane zoLwandle i-Arctic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umehluko omkhulu onawo ne I-Antartic Ocean ukuthi ineshalofu lezwekazi lapho iqhwa likhona. Uma ukuncibilika kweqhwa kuqhubeka ngaleli zinga, kuzoba yiSouth Pole ezobhekana namazinga akhuphukayo olwandle. I-Arctic Ocean ayinalo ishalofu lezwekazi, kodwa amanzi ayiqhwa kuphela. Lokhu kubangela imfucumfucu eyiqhwa intante emanzini amaphakathi. Lezi zinqwaba zeqhwa zizungezwe ulwandle lonke phakathi nenyanga yasehlobo nasebusika, Njengoba amanzi eba yiqhwa, aba mkhulu.
Itholakala enyakatho Nenkabazwe esifundeni esiseduzane ne-Arctic Circle. Ibeka umkhawulo ezifundeni eziseduze nase-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amanzi awela naye ulwandle olwandle ngokusebenzisa iStrait of Fram noLwandle iBarents. Iphinde inqamule iPacific Ocean ngeBering Strait kanye nalo lonke ugu lwamalwandle e-Alaska, eCanada, eNyakatho Yurophu naseRussia.
Ukujula kwayo okuyinhloko kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2000 kanye nama-4000. Inendawo ephelele engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-14.056.000. Ngalo mqondo, i I-Arctic Ocean Iphinde inikeze ulwazi olufanele mayelana nesandiso nezici zayo.
Ukwakheka nesimo sezulu solwandle i-Arctic
Nakuba ukwakheka kwalolu lwandle kungaziwa kahle, kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakhiwe kudala. Kunezimo zemvelo ezeqisayo ezenza izifundo zalolu lwandle zibe nzima. Kuhlala abantu base-Eskimo cishe iminyaka engama-20.000 XNUMX. Laba bantu bakwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ezitholakala kulezi zindawo. Ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, baye badlulisela ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze bazivumelanise nezimo futhi bajwayele ukuphila kulezi zindawo.
Kuye kwatholakala izinsalela zamathambo kulolu lwandle ezibonisa ubufakazi bezinto eziphilayo eziba yiqhwa unomphela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-70 edlule ibinezimo ezifanayo noLwandle iMedithera olunazo namuhla. Futhi kungukuthi kwezinye izikhathi nezikhathi ze- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba lolu lwandle lutholakale ngokuphelele ngaphandle kweqhwa.
Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo ebusika kulokhu ukwehla kolwandle kumanani we -50 degrees, okwenza ukusinda kule ndawo kube yi-odyssey. Isimo sezulu esishisayo singesinye sezibanda kakhulu emhlabeni, okuholela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu onyaka. Ihlukaniswa kakhulu izinkathi ezimbili zonyaka ezingaba yizinyanga eziyisi-6 iyinye. Ake sihlaziye amasizini amabili atholakala e-Arctic Ocean:
- Ehlobo: Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, amazinga okushisa ashintshashintsha azungeze ama-degree angu-0 futhi kuba khona ukukhanya kwelanga okuqhubekayo amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Kukhona nenkungu eqhubekayo kanye nokuwa kweqhwa okuvimbela iqhwa ukuthi lingancibiliki ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kukhona neziphepho ezibuthakathaka ezinemvula noma iqhwa.
- invierno: izinga lokushisa lifinyelela amanani we -50 degrees futhi kukhona ubusuku obungapheli. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ilanga alibonwa noma nini. Isibhakabhaka sicacile nezimo zezulu zizinzile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi alikho ithonya elivela elangeni.
Ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sezimo zezulu ngenxa yesenzo selanga. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kunezimo zezulu ezizinzile kakhulu. Ngenxa yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa komhlaba, amazinga okushisa ezinyangeni zasehlobo akhuphuka ngokwanda, abangela ukuncibilika cishe ngokuphelele kwe-Arctic Ocean yonke.
Izimbali nezilwane zasolwandle i-Arctic
Nakuba lolu lwandle lusezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunezilwane ezincelisayo eziningi ezijwayele lezi zindawo. Iningi lazo linoboya obumhlophe obusebenza njengokufihla nokuvikela emakhazeni. Ungakwazi ukubala ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi izinhlobo zezilwane ezingaba ngu-400 ezijwayele amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha kule ndawo. Phakathi kwezaziwa kakhulu sinezinhlobo eziyisi-6 zezimpawu zamanzi nezingonyama zasolwandle, imikhomo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nebhere le-polar, okuyaziwa kakhulu.
Kukhona futhi ama-mollusk amancane aziwa ngokuthi ama-krill adlala indima ebalulekile kuphiramidi yemvelo yasolwandle. Uhlaza luncane kakhulu, luhlanganisa kuphela ama-mosses nama-lichens. Le ecosystem izwela kakhulu izinguquko, okwenza i I-Arctic Ocean acidification kube inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.
Izikhumulo zeqhwa ezakha e-Arctic Ocean ziyizixuku ezinkulu ezibandayo. Indawo engeyona eyasemanzini ikhula ngosayizi ophindwe kabili ebusika kanti izungezwe amanzi aneqhwa ehlobo. Lawa makhokho ngokuvamile afinyelela kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2 ubukhulu futhi ziqhutshwa njalo ngamanzi nomoya oqhamuka eSiberia. Ekugcineni singabona izingcezu ezithile zeqhwa ezishayisanayo bese zihlangana ngokuphelele. Lokhu kudala umgogodla wokudangala ophindwe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bamakepisi aqale akhiwa.
Kungashiwo ukuthi usawoti walolu lwandle uphansi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhwamuka kuphansi kakhulu futhi amanzi ahlanzekile asuka eqhweni elincibilikayo anethonya.
Isimo samanje
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kulolu lwandle U-25% wazo zonke izinqolobane zomhlaba zikawoyela, igesi yemvelo, ithini, i-manganese, igolide, i-nickel, i-lead ne-platinum.. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuncibilika kuvumela ukufinyelela kulezi zinsizakusebenza njengendawo yamandla nendawo yamasu ebaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni. Lolu lwandle luyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokugcina amanzi emvelo emhlabeni. Ukuncibilika kwayo kubangela ukuphela kwayo okuseduze.
