Uma sibheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku futhi sibona amazwibela adlulayo noma imibiko yezindaba mayelana nezindikimba zasemkhathini ezisondela eMhlabeni, kulula ukudida amagama anjengokuthi elisemkhathini, imeteoro, meteorite y Ikhayithi. Nakuba la magama evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, empeleni abhekisela kuwo izinto ezihluke kakhulu nezimo emkhathini omkhulukazi. Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukwenzeka kwendikimba yasezulwini, singabonisana ne ama-meteorite nemiphumela yawo.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lezi zakhi zendawo ziye zadonsa ukunaka kwesintu, noma njengamabika, ngenxa yobuhle bazo obubonakalayo, noma ngomthelela wazo wesayensi nemidiya. Ukuze sisuse noma yikuphi ukungabaza, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe umehluko wabo, izici, izingoma kanye nemvelaphi, ngakho-ke icacile, iphelele futhi iyafinyeleleka.
Yini i-asteroid?
I-asteroid ingumzimba onamatshe noma oyinsimbi ozungeza iLanga., ngokuvamile ayifani ngendlela evamile futhi enosayizi ongahluka ukusuka kumamitha ambalwa ukuya kumakhulu amakhilomitha. Iningi lalezi zinto zitholakala ku- ibhande le-asteroid, etholakala phakathi kwemizila ye-Mars ne-Jupiter. Isibonelo esithakazelisayo yi- i-asteroid Juno, enezici eziyingqayizivele.
Kucatshangelwa ama-asteroids izinsalela zakudala zesimiso sonozungezilanga engazange ibe yingxenye yeplanethi. Zavela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 edlule, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngenxa yethonya le-Jupiter lamandla adonsela phansi, izinto eziningi ezingase zihlangane ukuze zakhe iplanethi zagcinwa zihlukene kule ndawo.
Ukwakheka: Ngokuvamile zenziwa ama-silicates, izinsimbi ezifana nensimbi ne-nickel, futhi ezinye zinekhabhoni ephezulu, kuye ngohlobo lwazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa: Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kakhulu zama-asteroids:
- Uhlobo C: i-carbon-rich futhi iningi kakhulu.
- Abafana: izakhi ze-silicate nezinsimbi ezifana ne-iron-nickel, ezikhanya kakhulu.
- Uhlobo M: Zakhiwe cishe ngezinsimbi kuphela, ziyivelakancane kakhulu.
Iyini inkanyezi enomsila?
I-Los comets Ziyindikimba yasemkhathini, njengama-asteroids, azungeza iLanga, kodwa akhiwe ikakhulukazi iqhwa, uthuli namatshe. Avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amabhola eqhwa angcolile" ngenxa yengxube yamagesi aqandisiwe nezinto ezinamatshe eziqukethwe. I ukwakheka kwalezizindikimba zasezulwini Kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyingqayizivele.
Bavela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zesimiso sonozungezilanga, njenge- I-Oort Cloud noma i ibhande le-kuper. Lezi zindawo zitholakala ngale kwe-Neptune, futhi zibamba izinkanyezi ezinomsila zesikhathi eside nesifushane, ngokulandelana.
Lapho besondela eLangeni, ukushisa kubangela i-ice sublimation kanye nokukhululwa kwamagesi nothuli, okukhiqiza umoya wesikhashana obizwa ngokuthi ikhoma kanye nesici i-cola ekhomba kude neLanga ngenxa yomoya welanga. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zolayini:
- Umsila wothuli: akhiwe yizinhlayiya eziqinile ezikhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga.
- Umsila we-Ionic: eyakhiwe ngamagesi ane-ionized akhanya lapho ehlangana nezinhlayiya zelanga.
Inkanyezi enomsila iphinde ihlukaniswe ngobukhulu bawo (kusuka kunkanyezi enomsila kuya kuma-goliaths angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-50) futhi ngesikhathi lapho ithatha ukuqeda ukuzungeza iLanga okukodwa:
- Izinkanyezi ezinomsila wesikhathi esifushane: ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-200.
- Izinkanyezi ezinomsila wesikhathi eside: ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200
Isibonelo esidumile: I-Halley's Comet, enomjikelezo weminyaka engu-76, ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu nebonakala kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezinomsila nama-asteroids
Okuthile abantu abaningi abangakwazi ukuthi, nakuba ama-asteroid kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila zihlanganyela isici sokuzungeza iLanga, ukuhluka kwazo kuyaphawuleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela Uhlelo lweNASA lokuphambukisa ama-meteorite lokho kungasongela uMhlaba.
- Ukwakheka: I-asteroids inamatshe noma i-metallic, kuyilapho inkanyezi enomsila inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kweqhwa nothuli.
- I-Orbit: Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zilandela ama-trajectories ane-elliptical; ama-asteroids, ama-orbits ayindilinga futhi azinzile.
- Umsuka: Ama-asteroid akhiwe ngaphakathi kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, ebhandeni eliphakathi kweMars neJupiter; Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zivela emaphethelweni esimiso sonozungezilanga.
- Umsebenzi obonakalayo: Inkanyezi enomsila iba namakhoma kanye nemisila njengoba isondela eLangeni; ama-asteroids awazi.
Iyini i-meteor, i-meteoroid, ne-meteorite?
Yilapho izinga elikhulu lokudideka lingena khona, njengoba la magama amathathu exhumene futhi ancike endaweni lapho into itholakala khona. Ukuze sijule esihlokweni sama-meteorite, singabuyekeza umthelela wawo emlandweni, njenge Umthelela we-Chicxulub asteroid.
i-meteoroid
I-meteoroid iyingcezu ye-asteroid noma inkanyezi enomsila. elizungeza ngokukhululeka emkhathini. Ivamise ukuba mncane kakhulu ngosayizi (kusuka othulini kuya kumamitha angaba ngu-50), futhi ingavela ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwama-asteroids noma ezintweni ezikhishwe ama-comet asebenzayo.
I-Meteor
Uma i-meteoroid ihlangana nomkhathi womhlaba, iyakhiqiza isenzakalo esikhanyayo ngenxa yokushisa okushayisanayo, esikubiza ngokuthi imeteoro, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi edubulayo." Lo msebe wokukhanya ubonakala ngeso lenyama uma izimo zesibhakabhaka zivuma. I I-Aurora borealis nezinye izenzakalo ze-cosmic nazo ziyathakazelisa ukuzibona.
Meteorite
Uma into ingabhidliki ngokuphelele lapho ingena emkhathini womhlaba futhi ifinyelela ebusweni beplanethi, bese siyibiza meteorite. Lezi zingcezu eziqinile zinganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kososayensi, njengoba ziyizinsalela zakudala zesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Ama-meteorite ayahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu: amanye awazona izinhlayiya, kanti amanye angadlula imitha ubude futhi anesisindo samathani amaningana. Uma ziba nomthelela, zingashiya ama-craters, futhi uma umkhondo wazo ubhaliwe, ukululama kwazo kubaluleka kakhulu.
Uguquko nobudlelwano phakathi kwale mizimba
Ingxenye ethakazelisayo yalezi zinto zasezulwini ukuthi zixhumene kanjani. I-asteroid ingaqhekeka futhi ibangele ama-meteoroids. Lezi-ke zingaba ama-meteor lapho zingena emkhathini, nama-meteorite uma zifika phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkanyezi ezinomsila nazo zikhulula izinhlayiya eziba ama-meteoroid. Amandla ale mizimba ayindawo ebalulekile yocwaningo lwe isayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje.
Kuze kwatholakala ukuthi Ezinye izinkanyezi ezinomsila zilahlekelwa izakhiwo zazo ezisebenzayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuyeka ukukhipha amagesi nothuli. Bese, baba ama-asteroid angasebenzi. Kunalokho, zikhona futhi ama-asteroid aqukethe iqhwa emnyombweni wabo, futhi uma besondela ngokwanele eLangeni, bangakhulula izinto futhi baziphathe njengezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Lezi zinto zaziwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi ezinomsila.
Umthelela wale mizimba eMhlabeni
Ama-meteorite abe nomthelela eMhlabeni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Umcimbi owaziwa kakhulu yilowo we ekupheleni kweCretaceous, eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-66 edlule, lapho inkanyezi enkulu yasemkhathini noma inkanyezi enomsila ithinta iNhlonhlo YaseYucatán yanamuhla. Lesi senzakalo sabangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungazelelwe kanye nokushabalala okukhulu okwaqeda ama-dinosaur. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphumela, kubalulekile ukwazi umlando we I-Hercolubus kanye nomzila wayo ongaqondakali.
Namuhla, ama-ejensi afana ne-NASA kanye ne-ESA iqapha izinto eziseduze ne-Earth (NEOs), ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-140, njengoba zingadala umonakalo omkhulu uma zishayisa. Imishini efana I-OSIRIS-REx o DART ukuhlaziya kanye/noma ukuphambukisa le mizimba uma kunesidingo.
Ukubonakala kusuka eMhlabeni
izinkanyezi ezinomsila Angabonakala eMhlabeni lapho esondela ngokwanele eLangeni futhi abonise ukukhanya kwalo. Okunye, njengenkanyezi enomsila eluhlaza i-C2022 E3 ZTF, ibonakala ngeso lenyama njalo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- ama-meteorites ingatholakala ebusweni ngemva komthelela wabo, ngenkathi ama-meteors Zibonakala kalula ngesikhathi semvula ye-meteor, njenge Perseids ngo-August.
I-Los ama-asteroidNokho, kunzima kakhulu ukukubona ngaphandle kwezibonakude ezithuthukisiwe. Ezimweni ezikhethekile kuphela, njengokudlula eduze kwe-asteroid Apophis elindelwe ngo-2029, lapho zingabonakala ngezinsiza zokubona ezivela ezifundeni ezithile.
Ukuhlola imininingwane yalezi zindikimba zasemkhathini akuyona nje indaba yolwazi lwesayensi, kodwa futhi siqonde indawo yethu endaweni yonke futhi uzilungiselele izinsongo zesikhathi esizayo ezingase zibe khona ezivela esibhakabhakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi umkhathi wenyanga kanye nobudlelwano bayo nemizimba yasezulwini.
Kuso sonke lesi sihloko sihlole umehluko othakazelisayo nobudlelwano phakathi ama-asteroids, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, ama-meteor, ama-meteorite, nama-meteoroids. Nakuba zonke ziyingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga futhi zakhiwe ngezinto zasendulo, izindlela zazo, ukuziphatha, kanye nemiphumela yoMhlaba kuyahluka kakhulu. Ukwazi izici zayo kubalulekile kukho kokubili isayensi nanoma yimuphi umuntu onelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi ngendalo yonke ofuna ukuqonda kangcono akubonayo lapho ebheka phezulu emkhathini.
