Ezinsukwini zamuva nje, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe wesayensi yezinkanyezi ugxilise ukunaka kwawo entweni eyivelakancane.: ukufika kwenkanyezi enomsila 3I/ATLAS, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-A11pl3Z. Le nto, etholwe ngoJulayi 1 ngohlelo lwe-ATLAS - inethiwekhi yezibonakude ezixhaswe yiNASA - isivakashi sesithathu se-interstellar kuqashelwe ngokusemthethweni njengokuwela uhlelo lwethu sonozungezilanga, ngemuva kwesiteleka sika-'Oumuamua ngo-2017 kanye noComet Borisov ngo-2019.
Ukuhluka kwe-3I/ATLAS akukona nje kuphela kumsuka wayo, kodwa futhi ngobukhulu bayo nesivinini.Izibalo ezenziwe kuze kube manje zibonisa ukuthi ububanzi bayo buphakathi Amakhilomitha angama-20 no-40, okuyenza ibe into enkulu kunazo zonke ephakathi kwezinkanyezi ebonwe kuze kube manje. Ukugudluzwa kwayo cishe kumakhilomitha angama-68 ngomzuzwana. (ngaphezu kuka-240.000 km/h), iqinisekisa isimo sayo sangaphandle, njengoba idlula kude isivinini esingavumela noma yimuphi umzimba ukuba uhlale ubanjwe yiLanga.
Umsuka ongalé kwesimiso sonozungezilanga
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi yi- umsuka we-3I/ATLAS. Konke kukhomba ukuthi kuvela ku- i-galactic disk, indawo eminyene yezinkanyezi ngaphakathi kwe-Milky Way. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi zinto zingakhishwa ezinhlelweni zazo zezinkanyezi ngokusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi, zizulazule emkhathini ophakathi kwezinkanyezi izigidi zeminyaka kuze kube yilapho, ngenhlanhla, zidlula ezimisweni zamaplanethi ezinjengezethu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukwakheka kwezinto ezinjengalezi, sincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu intuthuko entsha ekuhloleni isimiso sonozungezilanga.
Izazi zezinkanyezi ezivela ezikhungweni ezifana ne-Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias kanye ne-Rubin Observatory e-Chile zisebenzisa leli thuba ukuze zilandelele umkhondo wayo futhi zifunde ukwakheka kwayo nezakhiwo ngokujulile. Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuphakamisa ukuba khona kwe-coma (imvilophu engaqondakali) kanye nomsila omncane, izimpawu zomsebenzi we-cometary osivumela ukuthi sithole i-sublimation yeqhwa lakuqala elibanjwe kusukela ekubunjweni kwalo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kokwakheka kwezinto ezifanayo, bheka Ukudalula izimfihlakalo zama-exocomets.
Ayikho ingozi eMhlabeni
Naphezu kwemvelo emangalisayo yokutholwa, asikho isizathu sokwethuka. Ngokomkhondo obalwe ngochwepheshe be-NASA, ESA kanye ne-Minor Planet Center, indawo eseduze kakhulu ye-3I/ATLAS emhlabeni wethu izokwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, lapho izohamba khona. cishe amayunithi angu-1,35 ezinkanyezi ukusuka eMhlabeni (okungaba amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-202, ngale kwe-orbit ye-Mars). Into izoqhubeka nohambo lwayo ngokusebenzisa isimiso sonozungezilanga sangaphakathi, isondela eLangeni endleleni ebalwe ngokuphelele eyigcina ikude nanoma iyiphi ingozi yokuba nomthelela oqondile. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi izingozi ezihlobene nezinto eziseduze nomhlaba zihlolwa kanjani, bona amanzi ayiqhwa endaweni yonke.
Ohambweni lwakhe, sizobe sesiphumile endaweni eyingozi yomhlaba wethu futhi, empeleni, umphakathi wesayensi usuvele ukucacisile lokho amathuba okushayisana nguziroIndlela yakhona igadwa nsuku zonke kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezincane zokulandelela umzimba ezithuthuke kakhulu, ezibandakanya kokubili izindawo zokubuka izinto ezichwepheshile kanye nezazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela ezivela emhlabeni wonke.
Ilabhorethri ye-cosmic yesayensi
Ngale kombukwane wasezulwini, ukubaluleka kweqiniso kwe-3I/ATLAS kulele ithuba lesayensi eliyingqayizivele elimele indima yakho. Lezi zinto, ezivela ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, Bagcina ulwazi olungashintshiwe mayelana amakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo kwezinye izifunda ze-galacticUkuhlaziya ukwakheka kwazo, ukuvezwa kokukhanya ezikukhiphayo, noma umsebenzi wabo we-cometary kuzovumela abacwaningi ukuthi baveze imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kwezinhlelo zezinkanyezi nezinto ezikhona endaweni yonke yokuqala. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izinqubo zokubunjwa kwamaplanethi, bheka indlela amaplanethi akhiwe ngayo.
En este momento, izindawo zokubuka izinto ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke bayabandakanyeka ekulandeleni inkanyezi enomsila. Amaqembu afana ne-IAC, nezibonakude zayo ku-Teide kanye ne-La Palma, aqophe izithombe ezibonisa ukuqala komsebenzi we-cometary futhi abambe iqhaza ekuchazeni ngokunembile kokubili ukuzungeza kwayo kanye nesimo sayo somzimba. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibonakude ezinkulu ezisekelwe phansi nezisekelwe emkhathini, njenge I-Webb, izophinde ivumele ukunquma amapharamitha njenge i-albedo (i-reflectivity), izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kanye namandla okujikeleza, idatha ebalulekile yokwazi usayizi wangempela kanye nokuma kwento.
Isenzakalo somlando
Ukutholakala kwe-3I/ATLAS kusho ukuthi a ukugqugquzelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe okuyiqinisoKusukela ekufakweni kwento ku-IAU kanye nohlu lokuqinisekisa lwe-NASA/JPL, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-ejensi, amanyuvesi, nezindawo zokubuka kuvumele ukuqoqwa kwedatha yekhwalithi ephezulu ngesikhathi sokurekhoda. Umsebenzi wale nkanyezi enomsila kulindeleke ukuthi ushube njengoba isondela eLangeni, okwenza okuqaphelekayo kubaluleke kakhulu kusukela ngoSepthemba, nakuba izobe ingabonakali eMhlabeni amasonto ambalwa ngenxa yokuba seduze neLanga. Kamuva, lapho iphinda ivela esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, abacwaningi bayoba nethuba lesibili lokuyihlola ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke nohambo lwayo endaweni ejulile.
Lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokuthakazelisa isayensi, kodwa futhi unomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isayensi izivumelwano zokubuka zamazwe ngamazwe futhi ivula umnyango wokutholwa okusha, ikakhulukazi ngokungena ekusebenzeni kwezibonakude zesimanje njenge-Vera Rubin Observatory, engavumela ukutholwa kwenqwaba yezinto zezinkanyezi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izinto ze-interstellar zingatholwa futhi zifundwe kanjani esikhathini esizayo, hlola isihloko sethu ezinye izinto ze-interstellar endaweni yonke.
Ukubonakala kwe-3I/ATLAS, indikimba esihambe izigidi zeminyaka inqamula imingcele yomthala ngaphambi kokuwela indlela yethu, imele ingqophamlando ephindwe kabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, a ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlaziya udaba kwezinye izinhlelo sonozungezilanga futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqaphela ukuthi yethu imvelo ye-cosmic iyaguquguquka futhi iyaguquguquka. Ngakho, isayensi isebenzisa leli thuba lalokhu kuvakasha okudlulayo ukuze iqonde kangcono imvelaphi yamaplanethi, isayensi yokuthakwa kwemvelo yendawo yonke, kanye nokuvela kwe-Milky Way ngokwayo. Ukulindela okukhiqizwa kukhulu, kodwa i ukuqina nokubambisana Bayoba yibo abakhipha ulwazi oluningi kakhulu kulenkanyezi enomsila engenakuqhathaniswa.