Isikhathi se-Jurassic

Esikhathini seMesozoic kunezikhathi ezi-3 ezihlukanisa imicimbi eyahlukene ephawule ukuqala nokuphela kokubili ezingeni le-geological and biological. Isikhathi sokuqala yiTriassic futhi namhlanje sizogxila enkathini yesibili yeMesozoic. Imayelana neJurassic. Kukwahlukaniswa kwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuma komhlaba esiqale cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-199 edlule futhi sagcina eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-145 edlule. Njengezikhathi eziningi ze-geologic, kokubili ukuqala nokuphela kwezikhathi akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, i-geology, isimo sezulu, izimbali nezilwane ze-Jurassic.

Izici eziyinhloko

Lesi inkathi yesikhathi lapho izehlakalo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zenzekile emhlabeni wonke futhi esemuva kune-Triassic futhi ngaphambi kweCretaceous. Igama elithi Jurassic livela ekwakhekeni kwe-carbonate sedimentary okwenzeka esifundeni saseYurophu saseJura, esitholakala ezintabeni ze-Alps. Ngakho-ke igama elithi Jurassic. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezigqamayo yi-hegemony yama-dinosaurs amakhulu, aziwa kakhulu ngenxa yamafilimu ahlukahlukene, ayingxenye ebalulekile ye-dinosaur. Izilwane zeJurassic. Ngalesi sikhathi, iPangea eyi-supercontinent nayo yahlukana yaba amazwekazi aseLaurasia naseGondwana. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nama-dinosaurs alesi sikhathi, ungathintana ne-. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sikhathi sibalulekile ocwaningweni lwezikhathi ezintathu zokuma komhlaba zeMesozoic.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izilwane ze-Jurassic

I-geology yeJurassic

Lesi sikhathi sokwakheka komhlaba sihlukaniswa kakhulu sibe ngaphansi, phakathi nendawo nangaphezulu. Lezi izinkathi ezaziwayo phakathi nenkathi ethile. Banikezwe amagama uLias, Dogger kanye noMalm. Ngesikhathi se-Jurassic, izinga lolwandle lenze izinguquko ezimbalwa ezincane, kodwa ngaphakathi kwezwe kuphela. Kakade nge-Late Jurassic, ukuguquguquka okusheshayo kwesikhathi kwakungabonwa okwaholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lolwandle, okubangela ukukhukhula kwezindawo ezinkulu eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, singakwazi ukuhlonza izifundazwe ezimbili ze-biogeographic ezitholakala kulokho esikwazi namuhla njengeYurophu. Enye yaziwa ngokuthi i-Tethys eningizimu kanti enye i-boreal enyakatho. Zonke izixhobo zamakhorali kwakudingeka zibe nemingcele ingxenye enkulu esifundazweni saseTethys. Uguquko olwalukhona phakathi kwalezi zifundazwe ezimbili lwalusendaweni manje eyiNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Irekhodi lokuma komhlaba lenkathi yeJurassic muhle impela, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho i- izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu. Futhi kule ngxenye yezwekazi, kwakukhona ukulandelana okukhulu kwasolwandle okubonisa isikhathi lapho ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi yayicwile ngaphansi kolwandle olushisayo olushisayo. Ngenxa yodumo lwalezi zindawo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, iJurassic Coast kanye neHolzmaden kanye neSolnhofen lagerstätten zaziwa njengeziNdawo Zamagugu Omhlaba. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezici ze-Triassic, ungabheka okuqukethwe okuhlobene.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu emlandweni womhlaba

Isimo sezulu seJurassic

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izitshalo ezazijwayele isimo sezulu esifudumele yizo ezazisakazekela cishe kuyo yonke indawo esemhlabeni. Lezi zitshalo zikwazile ukunwebeka kuze kufike ku-60 degrees latitude. Zombili lezi zitshalo eziseningizimu yeGondwana rift kanye nezasenyakatho yeSiberia zazihlanganisa amaqembu amaningi ama-fern akwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esinamandla. Namuhla, izihlobo zanamuhla zalawa ma-fern azikwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi njalo.

Konke lokhu kushisa okuphezulu kwabangela ukuba izindawo zeJurassic zicebe ngohlaza kunalezo zeTriassic. Izimila ezichichimayo ikakhulukazi zatholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Njengoba kwakunokushisa okuncane kanye nesimo sezulu esinomswakama, kwavumela ukwanda kwawo wonke amahlathi, amahlathi emvula, namahlathi akha inqwaba yezindawo ezivamile kumafilimu e-Jurassic. Yile ndlela amahlathi nawo aqala ngayo ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke, egqamisa imindeni efana nezihlahla zikaphayini kanye ne-araucaria, ephelezelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ferns nezihlahla zesundu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuthi ama-dinosaurs ashabalala kanjani

Izimbali nezilwane

Ngesikhathi se-Jurassic, izitshalo zazibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Akuwona nje kuphela amahlathi asemhlabeni agcwele ama-conifers nama-fern amaningi, kodwa i-ginkgo ne-horsetail nazo zazikhona. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo ezinama-inflorescence azikaveli. Siyakhumbula ukuthi, kuze kube manje, izitshalo ezisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke zingezeqembu lama-gymnosperms, okungukuthi, lawo angenazo izimbali.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukene kwezitshalo kuyo yonke indawo esemhlabeni kuwukubonakaliswa okuthembekile kokuhlukana okwakukhona phakathi kwezindawo zenkabazwe nenyakatho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezihlukene kwabangelwa ukuba khona kwezithiyo eziningi zasolwandle phakathi kwezingxenye ezisenyakatho neziseningizimu. Lezi zithiyo zasolwandle zazibekwe izinga lokushisa elikhulu elisuka esigxotsheni liya enkabazwe. Lawa ma-gradient ashisayo awazange abizwe njenganamuhla, nakuba abukho ubufakazi beqhwa elishisayo ngesikhathi seJurassic. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili kuqinisekisa umbono wokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu yibo ababangela ukusabalala kwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo.

Izitshalo ezazikude nenkabazwe zazihambisana nezitshalo zezindawo ezipholile, futhi zonke lezi zindawo zeJurassic zazibizwa ngokuthi i-Cycadophyta. I-Ginkgo kanye namahlathi e-coniferous ahlinzekela yonke indawo, lapho i- izibankwakazi eziyingozi kakhulu base bevele bekhona. Naphezu kwesimanjemanje, izitshalo ezinezimbali zangempela zazingekho. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangezihlahla zokhuni oluqinile. Le mininingwane ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ngesikhathi seMesozoic.

Ngokuqondene nezilwane, ama-dinosaurs asakazeka emhlabeni wonke phakathi nalesi sikhathi, eyizilwane ezazibusa emhlabeni phakathi nenkathi esele.