El Ichibi laseTiticaca inamanzi amaningi ahlanganisa indawo yasePeru naseBolivia, iphinde ibalwe njengechibi eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni, inamanzi okuhamba kuzo, alungele ukudoba, futhi ineziqhingi ezintantayo ezakhiwe phezu kwayo, lapho ziwumphakathi ophelele. Lwaziwa nangokuthi uLwandle lwase-Andes.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngeLake Titicaca, umsuka walo nezici zalo.
Izici eziyinhloko
IChibi iTiticaca lingelinye lamachibi ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu emhlabeni futhi lisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3.812. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwendawo okukuyo, inemininingwane amazwe amabili aseMelika Emaphakathi abelana ngayo, yingakho ine I-56% yobuzwe basePeruvia kanye ne-44% yobuzwe baseBolivia.
Kodwa izimfanelo zalo azigcini lapho, ngoba lapho siqhathanisa ukwandiswa kwalo okungamakhilomitha-skwele angu-8.560 204 namanye amachibi asesifundeni saseLatin America, iLake Titicaca lingelesibili ngobukhulu kule ndawo enkulukazi. Ubukhulu balo buhlanganisa amakhilomitha angu-1.125 ukusuka ngapha nangapha, futhi umugqa ongamakhilomitha angu-XNUMX ogwini unqamula indawo yawo, okulenza libe yichibi eliphakeme kunawo wonke futhi elihamba phambili emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli chibi elihle lineziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-42 ngaphakathi, edume kunazo zonke i-Isla del Sol, ebaluleke kakhulu kunezinye ngoba uMbuso Wama-Inca wavela lapho, ngakho-ke ubonisa uchungechunge lwezinsalela eziyingxenye yalokhu. ubufakazi bempucuko yasendulo bokuba khona. Namuhla, abantu bakhona ikakhulukazi abomdabu, futhi nakuba benethonya elithile lamasiko esimanje, bagcina iningi lamasiko abo ozalo lwamaInca. Ungase futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana Izintaba ze-Andes, elithonya iChibi iTiticaca, nendlela elisithinta ngayo isimo sezulu sendawo.
Umsuka weLake Titicaca
Amandla e-tectonic abangelwa i-magma yoMhlaba, futhi la mandla e-geothermal aguqulwa abe amandla omshini abangela ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kwamapuleti angaphansi komhlaba akha amazwekazi ethu. Imvelaphi yeLake Titicaca ingenxa yala mandla e-tectonic abangela ukhahlamba lwezintaba ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Andes Ephakathi neMelika. Amandla alokhu kunyakaza akhiqiza ukwakheka kwamathafa, okuyizinto eziyisicaba eziphakeme. Leli thafa laziwa ngegama le-Meseta de Collao.
I-Collao Plateau, esendaweni engaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.000 ukuphakama, igcine amanzi eyiqhwa ngesikhathi se-Ice Age, ngakho izinqubo zokubeka azizange zenzeke. Lokhu kwawuvumela ukuba ulondoloze ukuma nokujula kwawo, ngakho lapho kufika inkathi yeqhwa, iqhwa lancibilika laba iChibi iTiticaca, manje elaziwa ngokuthi iChibi iTiticaca.
Izimo zezulu ezisagwadule neziwugwadule emifuleni ephakathi kwemifula yasePeru naseBolivia nazo zineqhaza ekuphumeni kwazo okuncane futhi okunensayo, okunomthelela ekuphikeleleni kwalo mzimba omkhulu wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi ukuhlola okubanzi kwesimiso samachibi alesi thafa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi iChibi iTiticaca liwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwesimiso esidala kakhulu.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okwenzeka phakathi nalezi zikhathi, kusukela esimweni sezulu esishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezibandayo nezimanzi, kwathinta ngokuqondile ukuba khona nobukhulu beChibi iTiticaca namanye amachibi asezintabeni. Esimweni esifanayo, izintaba zeCordillera ziphulwa amandla e-tectonic asenyakatho-eningizimu. Ekugcineni, e-Lower Pleistocene eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2,9 edlule, Ngemva kokuvela kweChibi i-Cabana nangaphambi kokuba khona kweChibi i-Baliwan, kwakhiwa umsele we-tectonic owawuzothathwa yiChibi elihle iTiticaca.
Isimo sezulu saseLake Titicaca
Isimo sezulu seLake Titicaca sincike ekuphakameni kwalo, njengoba iyichibi elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.000 25 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, elinomehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Amazinga okushisa angafika ku-0°C emini no-XNUMX°C ebusuku.
Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi laminyaka yonke lechibi linqunywe ukuthi libe ngu-13°C. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwamanzi liyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-11 no-25 degrees Celsius ngo-August futhi phakathi kuka-14 no-35 degrees Celsius ngo-March.
Kungase kuxake ukuthi ekubeni kuleso kuphakama izinga lokushisa emini lifudumele kangaka, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iChibi iTiticaca liyakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngoba limunca amandla elanga emini, endaweni ezungeze leli chibi. Ebusuku la mandla ayakhishwa, ngakho izinga lokushisa alibandi ngendlela ebesilindele ngayo.
I-Hydrology
Amanzi amaningi eLake Titicaca alahlekelwa ukuhwamuka, into enzima kakhulu kwezinye izindawo lapho kwakhiwa khona amaflethi kasawoti, ngoba amaminerali aleli chibi ahlanganiswa emifuleni futhi afakwe.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-5% kuphela wamanzi aleli chibi aphumela emfuleni I-Desaguadero phakathi nenkathi yamanzi aphakeme, agelezela eLake Poopó, elinosawoti omningi kuneLake Titicaca. Amanzi aphuma eLake Titicaca empeleni agcina eSalar de Coisasa, lapho amanzi amancane ahwamuka khona ngokushesha.
Esinye isici se-hydrology yayo ukuthi imifula eyakha umgodi wayo we-hydrological mifishane kakhulu, nemifula i-Ramis, i-Asangaro ne-Calabaya ibhekwa njengeyinhloko futhi ende kunazo zonke, lapho i-Ramis inde kunazo zonke ku-283 km.
Ukugeleza kwama-tributaries kuncane futhi akuvamile, futhi umnikelo wawo unqunywa imvula yezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, ezenzeka phakathi kukaZibandlela noNdasa, kuyilapho isomiso noma ukuntuleka kwemvula kwenzeka phakathi kukaJuni noNovemba. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo zechibi kanye ne ukuphathwa kwamanzi eBolivia Kuyisihloko esithakaselwayo namuhla.
Imisele engenela eLake Titicaca ibonakala ngomthambeka omncane kakhulu, yingakho ukuziphatha kwawo kuwukuzulazula, okungukuthi, ama-sinuous, okusho ukuthi azikho iziyaluyalu, lokhu kuthonya ukubonakala, uhlobo lwezilwane nezitshalo ezihlobene nalesi simiso.
Amanzi eLake Titicaca abonakala ngokuba amanzi anosawoti futhi azikho izinqubo zokunquma, ukulawula nokuqapha izinga lamanzi. Eqinisweni, isampula esenziwe iqondile, okungukuthi, ingxenye enkulu yobuso bechibi ayikahlolisiswa mayelana nalokhu. Kodwa-ke, amanzi okumanje angaphansi kwe-Bay of Puno ayaziwa ukuthi angcolile njengoba amanzi angcolile edolobha echithelwa kuwo ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngeLake Titicaca nezici zalo.