Umkhathi weplanethi enguMhlaba wakhiwe amagesi amaningana, okuhlanganisa umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, i-argon, i-ozone, nomhwamuko wamanzi. Zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezulu soMhlaba. ngakho-ke empilweni echumayo emhlabeni wethu. Kodwa-ke, okunye okuxoxwe ngakho kakhulu futhi kwahlaziywa kumongo wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu yi i-dióxido de carbono (CO2).
Uma sikhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kuyacaca ukuthi i-carbon dioxide iyigesi engaba yingozi. Yiqiniso lokhu, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka emazingeni amanje. Lapho i-CO2 iyanda emkhathini, kuba khona ukushisa okwengeziwe, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba. Muva nje, I-NASA ikhiphe ividiyo ekhombisa ukuziphatha kwe-CO2 emkhathini wethu., ithuluzi elibonakalayo elinamandla lokuqonda ubukhulu balesi simo.
I-NASA yayithola kanjani le datha?
Ososayensi be-NASA basebenzisa idatha evela ku-satellite I-Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) ukwakha imodeli yokuziphatha kwekhabhoni emkhathini woMhlaba. Le modeli ihlanganisa idatha evela ku- Septhemba 1, 2014 kuya ku-Agasti 31, 2015, futhi kusivumela ukuthi sibikezele ukuthi iziphi izindawo ukugxila kwe-CO2 kuzoba phezulu noma ngaphansi. Ukuhlaziya ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emashumini eminyaka, Ochwepheshe bakwazile ukuhlanganisa idatha ukuze bakhe iziboniso ze-3D ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu okuvumela noma yimuphi umsebenzisi ukuthi abone ukuthi le gesi iziphatha kanjani emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- Imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ilinganiswa kangcono emkhathini.
Ividiyo ibonisa ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwe-CO2 eNyakatho Nenkabazwe phakathi nonyaka, igqamisa umthelela wamazwekazi, izintaba zezintaba, nemisinga yolwandle kumaphethini wesimo sezulu, kanye nokubaluleka kwe-photosynthesis yesifunda. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomthelela we-carbon sink, ungabheka lesi sihloko ukubaluleka kweMedithera njengosinki we-CO2.
Indima ye-CO2 njenge-thermostat
I-Carbon dioxide isebenza njenge-thermostat yemvelo eMhlabeni. Lapho ukugxila kuphezulu, ukushisa okwengeziwe kugcinwa emhlabeni, okusheshisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngakho-ke, Kubalulekile ukuqonda izindawo ezimunca kakhulu i-CO2 kanye nemali abayibambayo. Le vidiyo ye-NASA ayigcini nje ngokwazisa, kodwa futhi ifundisa ngokuphuthuma kwesimo sezulu samanje. Bheka futhi ukuthi kanjani sehlulekile ukulawula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ividiyo ikhombisa ukuthi i-CO2 ihlakazeka kanjani kuwo wonke amazwekazi nolwandle, ukuthi amaphethini omoya akuthonya kanjani ukuhamba kwawo, kanye nendlela imisebenzi yabantu, njengokushiswa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kubathinta ngokuqondile ukugxila kwe-CO2 ekhuphukayo. I Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okwandisa isidingo sezixazululo eziphuthumayo.
Idatha isifundisani mayelana nemithombo ekhishwayo?
Idatha eqoqwe iphinda iveze ukuthi imithombo eyinhloko yokukhipha i-CO2 yile I-United States, i-South Asia ne-China. Kulezi zifunda, ukukhishwa okuningi kukhiqizwa yizimboni, izimboni zikagesi, nezokuthutha. Ngokuphambene, ku Afrika kanye neNingizimu Melika, ukukhishwa okuningi okuvela ekushisweni kwezolimo kanye nokusha kwamahlathi. Le phethini ibonisa umjikelezo "we-pulse" lapho umsebenzi ovuthayo ukhuphuka phakathi nosuku futhi wehla ebusuku, okuhlobene ne-photosynthesis ngezitshalo ezimunca i-CO2 emini futhi ziyikhulule ebusuku. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- Ukuqashwa okwengeziwe kwezimoto kungcolisa umoya, okwandisa inkinga ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ividiyo ikhishwe ngesikhathi esibucayi, njenge U-2023 bekungunyaka oshisa kakhulu emlandweni. Ukugcwala kwe-CO2 emkhathini kukhule kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingama-278 ngesigidi ngo-1750 kuya ku-427 ngoMeyi 2024. Lezi zinombolo zigcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ucabangele ukuhlaziywa ku ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele kuhlala kuzinzile, isici esibalulekile ekulweni nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Imiphumela yokwanda kwe-CO2
Ukwenyuka kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini akudali nje kuphela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu kanye nenhlalakahle ye-ecosystem. I-CO2, nakuba ingeyona ingozi ngokuqondile kwikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo, ukweqisa kubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngezinga elishaqisayo. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi I-United States yabalelwa ngaphezu kwe-12% yezinto ezikhishwa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021., kanti i-China yiyona ehamba phambili ngokukhipha umshini cishe ngama-33%. Isibonelo semiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu siku ukwanda kwe-allergies ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Namuhla, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 akuxhumene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphela kodwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ezolimo, kanye nemililo, okuveza umbono ongemuhle odinga ukunakwa ngokushesha. Opopayi abahlinzekwe yi-NASA ababonisi nje kuphela umthelela obonakalayo we-CO2 emkhathini, kodwa futhi basebenza njengokubizela esenzweni kohulumeni nezakhamizi. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi, bheka isihloko esithi Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuwathinta kanjani amakhorali, okuyinkomba ebalulekile yempilo yemvelo yasolwandle.
Imibono ye-NASA nomthelela wayo
Imibono eyenziwe yi-NASA ayihloselwe ukwazisa kuphela, kodwa futhi ifuna ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngobucayi bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukubuka ngakunye kuwumfanekiso oyingcaca womthelela wezenzo zethu emhlabeni. Isibonelo, amakhodi ombala asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemithombo yokukhipha umoya: okuwolintshi ku-CO2 kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okubomvu ngokushisa kwe-biomass, nokuluhlaza ezindaweni ezisebenza njengamasinki ekhabhoni, emunca i-CO2. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile ku- isinyathelo esisebenzayo sokunqanda ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ngale ndlela, i-NASA yethula ukubuka konke komhlaba wonke okusisiza ukuthi siqonde ukuthi imvelo nemisebenzi yabantu kuxhumene kanjani. Ikhono lokubona ngeso lengqondo i-CO2 ngokulungiswa okuphezulu linikeza umbono omusha ongashintsha indlela izakhamuzi nabaholi abacabanga ngayo mayelana nekhabhoni kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe i-anthropogenic greenhouse effect kanye nomthelela wayo esimweni sezulu ingase futhi inikeze umongo owengeziwe ngalolu daba.
Indlela eya ekusasa elisimeme
Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-CO2, okwamanje cishe izingxenye ezingama-427 esigidini ngasinye, kumelela amazinga aphezulu e-CO2 ezigidini zeminyaka, okunemiphumela elimazayo, okuhlanganisa amagagasi okushisa, isomiso, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuthinta izilwane nezitshalo zezifunda eziningi. Isimo sibucayi futhi kudingeka umzamo ohlangene ukuze uhlehlise le mikhuba. Ukhiye wekusasa elisimeme uku yehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 futhi yamukele izinqubo ezizinzile ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kanye nasembonini. Enye indlela engaba negalelo iwukubuyekeza Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuyithinta kanjani imvelo.
I-NASA inikeze insiza ebonakalayo engakaze ibonwe engabonisi nje kuphela indlela i-CO2 eziphatha ngayo emkhathini wethu, kodwa futhi igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sesenzo. Ulwazi olwethulwa kuvidiyo kanye nedatha ehlobene kuwucingo lwesibopho esihlangene sokuvikela iplanethi yethu nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elinempilo lezizukulwane ezizayo. Ngalo mqondo, isihloko on Ukunciphisa ukudla kwenyama kuyisihluthulelo sokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungasiza futhi.
