Izivunguvungu yizimo zezulu ezinkulu ezingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo. Isimo sayo esingalindelekile siyayenza Ukubikezela ukwakheka kwayo kanye ne-trajectory emsebenzini obalulekile ukuze kuphephe imiphakathi yasogwini kanye nezindawo ezisengozini yokuthinteka. Ikhono lokulindela ukufika kwabo livumela ohulumeni nezinhlangano eziphuthumayo ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze banciphise umonakalo futhi bavikele izimpilo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokubikezela lezi zenzakalo, i-NASA isungule umkhankaso omusha obizwa ngokuthi I-Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), equkethe umlaza wamasathelayithi amancane ayisishiyagalombili aklanyelwe ukukala isivinini somoya enhliziyweni yeziphepho.
Umsebenzi we-CYGNSS kanye nokwethulwa kwayo
Ukwethulwa kwamasathelayithi amancane e-CYGNSS kwenzeka ngoDisemba 15, 2016. Lawa masathelayithi afakwa ku-orbit phakathi kwerokhethi. I-Pegasus XL, yethulwe endizeni eshintshiwe L-1011 Stargazer, eyasuka eCape Canaveral Air Force Station eFlorida. Le ndlela yokuqalisa usuka endizeni ivumela amasathelayithi ukuthi abekwe emzileni endaweni engaphezulu ephumelelayo nangokunemba okukhulu.
Imishini ye-CYGNSS imele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba Ama-dollar ayi-157 futhi inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa izibikezelo ezihlobene neziphepho neziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo ngokulinganisa ngokunembile isivinini somoya phezu kolwandle. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ngoba imimoya ephezu kolwandle ihlangana ngokuqondile neziphepho, ithinte ukukhula nobukhulu bazo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kwalezi zimo, ungathintana ne ilukuluku mayelana neziphepho nokuthi kanjani Isizini yesiphepho sika-2017 yayingavamile, okuhlanganisa izici ze-.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwama-microsatellites
Amasathelayithi amancane eCYGNSS, ngalinye linesisindo 29 kg kanye nosayizi oqhathaniswa nowedada elikhulile, afakwe ama-receptors ukuzulazula kwe-GPS okushintshiwe. Isihluthulelo sokusebenza kwayo sise Ubuchwepheshe bokusabalalisa isignali ye-GPS, okubavumela ukuba balinganise isivinini somoya ngisho nasemvula enkulu, umkhawulo obalulekile wobuchwepheshe bokuqapha isimo sezulu esivamile.
Lawa masathelayithi awagcini nje ngokulinganisa isivinini somoya, kodwa futhi acwaninga ukusebenzisana komoya namanzi, esiza ososayensi baqonde ukuthi iziphepho zakha futhi ziguquke kanjani. Le ndlela yokusungula ifuna ukubhekana nokushiyeka kwamathuluzi avamile okulinganisa ukuqina kwesishingishane sasezindaweni ezishisayo, esivame ukuba nemikhawulo ekuhlanganiseni kanye nemvamisa yokubuka. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuqina kwesiphepho, ungabona incazelo egcwele yokuqina kwayo futhi kanjani izenzakalo ezifana Isigaba 4 seziphepho.
Inqubo yokwethula nokuphakela
Ukwethulwa komlaza we-microsatellite kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Lapho indiza yafinyelela ukuphakama cishe Amamitha angu-12,000 Phezu kwe-Atlantic Ocean, i-rocket ye-Pegasus XL yakhululwa futhi yadubula injini yayo ngemva kwemizuzwana emihlanu, yaphakamisa ama-microsatellites e-obit. 480 km lokuphakama. Ngemva kokwethulwa, ama-microsatellites atshalwa ngayinye ngayinye, okuvumela ngayinye ukuthi iqale umsebenzi wayo wokuqoqa idatha.
Umthelela olindelwe kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi we-CYGNSS wenzelwe ukusebenza okungenani iminyaka emihlanu futhi kulindeleke ukuthi unikeze idatha ebalulekile yesayensi ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izibikezelo zesiphepho ngaphambi kwenkathi yesiphepho sika-2017 Abacwaningi banethemba lokuthi ikhono layo lokuqoqa idatha isikhathi sangempela vumela izazi zezulu ukuthi zilindele amandla eziphepho, ezingase zibe nomphumela omuhle ukulungiselela kanye nokusabela kulezi zinsongo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuqagela kwenkathi yeziphepho, ungabheka isihloko esithi ukuvimbela isiphepho kanye nombiko on Yayinjani isizini yesiphepho sika-2017?, kanye nemininingwane mayelana ne- inani leziphepho ezakhiwe ngo-2016.
Amasathelayithi amancane awaklanyelwe ukutadisha iziphepho kuphela, kodwa angaba nomthelela ocwaningweni ngezinye izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Lokhu kuvula amathuba amasha okuqonda isimo sezulu somhlaba kanye nomthelela waso emphakathini.
Imiphumela yokuqala kanye nocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo
Kusukela yethulwa, amasathelayithi amancane e-CYGNSS abe nesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokulinganiswa. Imiphumela yokuqala yalezi zivivinyo kulindeleke ukuthi ishicilelwe maduze. I-NASA kanye ne-National Weather Service bathemba ukuthi idatha eqoqiwe izothuthukisa kakhulu amamodeli okubikezela isimo sezulu, okungaba nomthelela omuhle ekulawuleni isiphepho. izinhlekelele kanye nokunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene neziphepho. Ukuze uthole ulwazi ngezinye izinhlekelele ezihlobene, ungabuyekeza isihloko esithi amathuluzi okulandelela iziphepho.
Umgomo we-CYGNSS uyisibonelo sendlela ubuchwepheshe basemkhathini obushintsha ngayo indlela esiqonda ngayo nesibikezela izenzakalo zesimo sezulu. Ngokuthuthukisa isixazululo kanye nemvamisa yezilinganiso, ososayensi banethuba lokutadisha izenzakalo ezingeni le imininingwane engakaze ibonwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ithonya le ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okungase kuthinte umsebenzi wesiphepho kanye nokwakheka esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekubukeni kwesathelayithi ngeke kuvumele ukubikezela kwesiphepho esingcono kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqonda okujulile kokusebenzelana kwesimo sezulu isikhathi eside kanye nobuhlobo babo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amakhono amasathelayithi amancane angase asetshenziselwe ukuqapha izikhukhula kanye nezinye izinhlekelele ezihlobene, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo nentuthuko kulo mkhakha.
Ngakho-ke, umkhankaso we-CYGNSS awumeli nje kuphela intuthuko ebalulekile yesayensi, kodwa futhi iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela uyaphila kanye nezimpahla esikhathini esizayo.
