Impela kanye lapho wawusemncane, izinga lokushisa komzimba wakho likalwe lapho uke waba nomkhuhlane futhi basebenzise i- a I-thermometer ye-Mercury. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswe kabanzi ukwenza okuncane ezintweni eziningi ngaphandle kokuthathwa ekushiseni komzimba. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwe-thermometer lwalunezingozi ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwalo, banquma ukulufaka ngama-thermometer amasha edijithali.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani, yanikezwa ini ukusetshenziswa nakho konke okuhlobene ne-thermometer ye-mercury.
Kuyini?
Le nsimbi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa yadalwa ngo-1714 ngu isazi sefilosofi nonjiniyela wasePoland ogama lakhe linguDaniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. Kulesi sibongo kuvela isilinganiso esisetshenzisiwe sesikali. Kamuva i-degree Celsius yethulwa njengesinye isikali esisha.
Ithemometha ye-mercury iqukethe isibani okusuka kuso ishubhu lengilazi elincanyana, ngaphakathi okunensimbi ye-mercury. Ivolumu yale nsimbi ngaphakathi kweshubhu ingaphansi kwevolumu ye-bulb. Ithuluzi laliphawulwe ngezinombolo ezibonisa izinga lokushisa kuye ngokuthi iyiphi eyayikalwa. Le nsimbi yayisetshenziswa umbuzo ngoba Inamandla okushintsha kancane umthamo wayo kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Ukuze uqonde ngokujulile ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ungabonisana isebenza kanjani i-thermometer ye-mercury.
Leli thuluzi lamaka ngaphambi nangemva kwesikhathi sesayensi. I-Thermology, okuyisayensi ehlola izinga lokushisa, ingenza inqubekela phambili enkulu kulokhu. Kucatshangwa kuze kube namuhla njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezisunguliwe, yize ama-mercury thermometer engasasetshenziswa. Ububanzi bamazinga okushisa okwakungaba nawo babukhulu impela. Leli banga lokushisa linganwetshwa ngokufundiswa kwe-nitrogen noma enye igesi engena ngaphakathi. Lapho lokhu kwenziwa, kubangele ukwanda kwengcindezi kwi-mercury ewuketshezi futhi kwandisa indawo ebilayo.
Kusetshenziswa kanjani
Ukuze sisebenzise i-mercury thermometer kufanele siyithathe ngomkhawulo ongaphezulu ongenayo insimbi. Okulandelayo, sisisebenzisa ngokuhamba okusheshayo kwesihlakala kuze kube yilapho i-mercury yehla ibe yi-35 degrees. Qaphela lapho uxhawula le thermometer ngoba ingaphuma esandleni sakho futhi igcine ngokuyiphula. Uma uzothatha izinga lokushisa lomuntu ngomlomo, kungcono ukulinda imizuzu engama-30 uma lo muntu edlile, ephuzile noma ebhemile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le misebenzi ingashintsha izinga lokushisa lomlomo futhi izonikeza ukufunda okungalungile. I-thermometer kuzodingeka ibanjwe ngezindebe zakho hhayi ngamazinyo akho. Kufanele futhi uphefumule ngamakhala akho kuyo yonke inqubo ukuze izinga lokushisa le-ambient lingathinti ukufundwa kwe-thermometer. Ukufunda kuthatha cishe imizuzu emi-3 ukuqeda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singayisebenzisa futhi ukukala izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwekhwapha. Kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwama-thermometers. Ukuhlinzwa kuyafana, ngaphandle kokuthi une-thermometer ngaphansi kwekhwapha nengalo yakho ivaliwe imizuzu emi-3.
Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-thermometer, kufanele igezwe ngamanzi abandayo nensipho futhi igcinwe endaweni epholile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thermometer ye-mercury
Manje sizohlaziya ukusetshenziswa obekukhona ngaphandle kokuthatha izinga lokushisa lomzimba uma kwenzeka kuba nemfiva noma ukungaphatheki kahle. Zazisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kusenamakhaya anayo emnyango wangaphambili ukukala izinga lokushisa elikhona. Ezindaweni eziningi, njengezibhedlela nemitholampilo yeziguli, amazinga okushisa eziguli ayekalwa. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ungavakashela ama-thermometers emgwaqweni.
Ezinye izindawo kungaba amabhange egazi, kuhhavini, ama-incubator noma ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, embonini i-thermometer iyasetshenziswa nasezitshalweni zokuphehla ugesi, ukwazi isimo samapayipi, okokufaka efrijini nokushisa, izindawo zokuphuza utshwala, okokugcina ukudla, imikhumbi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, amabhikawozi, njll.
Kuzo zonke izindawo, kubalulekile ukwazi inani lokushisa ukuze ukwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo noma uqinisekise amaphethini athile asebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyadingeka ukwazi izinga lokushisa lapho amanzi adlula khona ngepayipi embonini ukuze azi ukuthi kufanele apholiswe yini. Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwezici nezingozi zamathemometha e-mercury, kufanele futhi ucabangele izimo ezihlukene lapho kusetshenziswa khona lawa mathuluzi kanye nezingozi ezihlobene.
IMercury iyinto yemvelo ekhemistry efanekiselwa nguHg. Inombolo ye-athomu ingu-80. Ngaphakathi kokufakwa kwamalahle kungatholakala edwaleni lomhlaba njenge-mercury sulfide. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa nangokuthi yi-cinnabar.
IMercury ibilokhu ifunwa kakhulu iminyaka, ngoba ibibuye isebenziseke kakhulu ezintweni zezulu ezifana ne ama-barometers, izikali zokucindezela namanye amadivayisi njengokushintshwa, amalambu namanye amadivayisi. Le nsimbi nayo yasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-amalgams wamazinyo.
Muva nje, izifundo ezimbalwa ziqinisekisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwale nsimbi kwakungaphephile kubantu, ngakho-ke kukhishwe kancane kancane kanti ama-thermometer akhangiswa njengamanje yi-gallium.
Izingozi nezingozi
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ezibandakanywa yile thermometer. E-European Union, sekutholakele ukuthi noma iyiphi insimbi equkethe i-mercury ayisakwazi ukumakethwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inobungozi obukhulu empilweni nasendaweni ezungezile, ikwazi ukungcolisa amanzi, inhlabathi nezilwane. ENyakatho Melika iphinde yasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo.
Ingozi ye-mercury ilele emswakeni wayo. Kungumusi onobuthi ongaphefumula lapho kuphuka i-thermometer. Futhi, lapho i-mercury ichithekile kufanele iqoqwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba kube neminye imiphumela emibi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-thermometer oyisebenzisayo iqukethe i-mercury, kufanele nje uyibheke. Uma uketshezi olukulo lungeyona isiliva, kungaba utshwala noma olunye uketshezi olungenabo ubuthi futhi akethuli izinkinga zempilo noma izingozi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-mercury nezingozi zayo, bheka ilukuluku mayelana ne-mercury.
Into yokuqala abantu abayibuzayo ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe uma ingilazi iphuka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, akufanele neze usebenzise isicoci se-vacuum noma umshanelo ukuze uwuhlanze. Akufanele futhi ukwenze ngezandla zakho noma uthele uketshezi phansi endlini yangasese noma usinki. Uma kungenjalo, ungangcolisa izinkulungwane zamalitha amanzi ngokungenasidingo. Kuyisici esingcolisa kakhulu esingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngamanani amancane. Ukuze uqonde indlela yokwenza kulezi zimo, vakashela Iyini i-pressure gauge kanye nomsebenzi wayo.
Uma i-thermometer iphuka, uketshezi luyavuza, futhi kunezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo eduze, kungcono ukuzigcina zikude nendawo futhi uvule amafasitela neminyango ukuze indawo ikhiphe umoya. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ngokucophelela izindawo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaconsi e-mercury aqoqwe phansi. Uma ushiya amaconsi ambalwa, ungakwazi ukuhogela igesi enobuthi, okubangela ubuthi, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, nokulimala kobuchopho nezinso.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe ngama-thermometer e-mercury, izici zawo nokuthi ayingozi kangakanani.
Ingabe ama-thermometer e-mercury avunyelwe?
Ngo-2014, kwaqala ukusebenza umyalelo we-European Union owenqabela ukumakethwa kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi equkethe i-mercury. Lokhu ngokusobala kuthinta i-mercury thermometers. Ngeke usakwazi ukuthenga lawa madivaysi e-mercury endabuko asesetshenziswe izizukulwane eziningi ukukala imfiva.
Ayengasasetshenziselwa ukukala imfiva kuphela kodwa futhi ayesetshenziswa njengama-thermometer ahlala ezindlini nasemabhizinisini. Inkinga yayiwukuthi lawa ma-thermometer ayengase aphuke kalula, kungaba ngokuwa ngengozi noma ekuphathweni okungalungile, futhi i-mercury ekhishwe inobuthi.
Ungakwazi yini ukuthenga i-mercury thermometer?
Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, i-European Union ivimbele ukuthengiswa kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi equkethe i-mercury. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuthenga i-thermometer ye-mercury. Kukhona ezinye izitolo ezisayidayisa kodwa akusiyona inqubo esemthethweni.
Kunezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-mercury thermometer, njenge-digital noma i-gallium thermometers. Amathemometha edijithali asebenza ngemigqa futhi anesikrini esibonisa izinga lokushisa elinezinombolo zedijithali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-thermometer e-gallium awanayo i-PVC, i-hypoallergenic, futhi asebenzisa i-gallium esikhundleni se-mercury. Kuyi-thermometer enobungani nengenabuthi. Isenokunemba okuhle lapho ikala izinga lokushisa, njengethemometha ye-mercury. Lawa ma-thermometers awusizo emindenini, ezibhedlela, ekuhambeni, njll.
Ngezansi unokukhethwa kwamathemometha e-gallium angcono kakhulu azosebenza njengenye indlela ye-thermometer ye-mercury yakudala:
Kungani i-mercury iyingozi kangaka?
Ingozi ye-thermometer ye-mercury ivela kumhwamuko oqukethwe kumaconsi aphuma lapho ephuka. Uma sisendaweni engenawo umoya ohlanzekile enezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, izinga lobuthi liphakeme nakakhulu. Lapho sisebancane futhi i-thermometer ye-mercury iphuka sasikwazi ukubona ukuthi lawo maconsi ensimbi ayekhishwa kanjani. Ukuphatha lawa maconsi angenacala kungadala umonakalo ngenxa yobuthi.
Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i-mercury kuvinjelwe yingoba ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile, okungenzeka ingcolise amanzi, inhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe nezilwane ngokudla. Kakade namuhla kunezinkinga zobuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi eziningi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-mercury. Le mercury idlula ochungechungeni lokudla futhi ifinyelele emzimbeni wethu.
Ukuze wazi ukuthi ithemometha oyisebenzisayo iqukethe i-mercury, kufanele uhlaziye ukuthi uketshezi lunawo yini lo mbala oyisiliva. Uma ungewona lo mbala, kungase kube utshwala noma noma yiluphi uhlobo loketshezi olungenabo ubuthi futhi olungabeki izingozi zempilo. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, bheka.
Okufanele ukwenze uma kuphuka i-thermometer ye-mercury
Uma i-mercury thermometer iphuka, sebenzisa i-vacuum cleaner noma umshanelo ukuze uyihlanze ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungalokothi wenze lokhu ngezandla zakho noma uqoqe amaconsi e-mercury uwathele phansi endlini yangasese noma usinki. Uma senza lokhu, singase singcolise izinkulungwane zamalitha amanzi ngokungenasidingo. Khumbula ukuthi i-mercury iyinto engcolisa kakhulu futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngamanani amancane.
Uma i-thermometer iphuka, uketshezi luyavuza, futhi kunezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo eduze, kungcono ukuzigcina zikude nendawo futhi uvule amafasitela neminyango ukuze indawo ikhiphe umoya. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ngokucophelela izindawo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaconsi e-mercury aqoqwe phansi. Uma ushiya amaconsi ambalwa, ungakwazi ukuhogela igesi enobuthi, okubangela ubuthi, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, nokulimala kobuchopho nezinso.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe ngama-thermometer e-mercury, izici zawo nokuthi ayingozi kangakanani.
Ngakho-ke, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-amalgam yokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo kusavunyelwe, kuyaphikisana, ukuthi ukungcoliswa okuningi kune-mercury eyeqile emlonyeni!