Ngokombiko wesithathu we-Climate Change in Catalonia (TICCC), kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa esifundeni lizokwenyuka. 0,8ºC eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Lokhu kwanda kungase kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi, njengoba kulindelekile lokho Inani lokufa kwaminyaka yonke okubangelwa amagagasi okushisa lizokhuphuka lisuka kwabangu-50 liye kwezi-2,500 ngo-2050.. Lesi simo sibonisa ubukhulu bomthelela we- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwezempilo labantu baseCatalan, inkinga edinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, ugu lwaseCatalan lubhekene nenye inselele ebalulekile: ukunyamalala okungenzeka kwamabhishi amaningana. Ngokombiko, ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuze kube U-20% wamabhishi uzodinga ezinye izindlela zokunakekela ukuze usinde. Lokhu konakala akubeki nje kuphela ubuhle bemvelo balezi zindawo engcupheni, kodwa futhi kuthinta ezokuvakasha, ezibalulekile emnothweni wendawo, njengoba kuhlaziywa imiphumela yezokuvakasha. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwezimfudu eCatalonia.
Iqembu lososayensi abangu-140 lilinganise ukuthi izinga lokushisa eCatalonia lingakhuphuka lize lifike I-1,4ºC ngesikhathi esifanayo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuwushintsho oluncane, ukwanda kuzoba nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okuvumela izinambuzane ezithwala izifo ezinjengodenga nomalaleveva ukuba zizinze endaweni, okungase kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi. Uma ufuna ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungabheka isihloko esithi imililo yamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuphinde kuhlotshaniswe nokwanda kwemvamisa nokuqina kokusha kwehlathi, ingozi ebhebhezelwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokomisa okuphawula isifunda saseMedithera. Ukwanda kwe I-1,4ºC ezingeni lokushisa kuholela engozini enkulu kakhulu yomlilo, emelela usongo olwengeziwe kuma-ecosystem wendawo kanye nemiphakathi yabantu.
Umbiko uphinde uhlinzekele a ukwehla kwemvula, ngokuncishiswa okulinganiselwe kwe 10% entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Lesi yisikhathi esibucayi, njengoba siqondana nezinyanga ezifudumele lapho ukufika kwezivakashi kwandisa isidingo samanzi, okwenza kube nzima emithonjeni yamanzi yesifunda. Ukushoda kwemithombo yamanzi kuyinto ekhathazayo ehambisana ne ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwezinye izifunda, futhi ikhombisa ukuthi leli qiniso lihlangana kanjani nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emabhishi aseCatalonia.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta nezilwane zasolwandle. I I-Jellyfish nolwelwe olunobuthi ziyanda ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyilapho izinhlobo zemvelo ogwini lwaseCatalan ziya enyakatho ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala. Lokhu akuphazamisi nje kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa kuphinde kuthinte ukudoba neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho esekelwe emithonjeni yasolwandle. Impilo yemvelo yasolwandle ibalulekile, njengoba ihlobene I-Bilogenesis kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yasolwandle, futhi iphazanyiswa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Naphezu kobufakazi obukhulayo bobunzima bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kuyaqhubeka. Nakuba iCatalonia izamile ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, imiphumela yalezi zinyathelo inqunyelwe kuze kube manje, ngokusho kombiko.
Izinselelo ogwini lwesiCatalan
Ugu lwaseCatalan lungaphansi kwengcindezi ekhulayo evela kuzinto eziningi. Umbiko we-Advisory Council for Sustainable Development (CADS) uphawula ukuthi kuphela U-20% wogu unendawo eyanele yokujwayela ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle. Kusukela ngo-2017, kubhalwe phansi ukwehla okukhulu kwamabhishi, kanti amanye anjenge-Badalona ahlangabezana nezinga lokuhlehla 9,8 m/ngonyaka. Le nkinga iyafana naleyo eyenzeke kwezinye izindawo, njengoba kushiwo ezifundweni ezimayelana imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwamanye amazwe.
Phakathi kuka-2002 no-2010, kwenziwa iminikelo 775,000 m³/ngonyaka yesihlabathi ngasogwini; Kodwa-ke, le nqubomgomo yokuvuselela ibonakale ingenakusimama esikhathini eside ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphezulu kanye nokungasebenzi kahle lapho ubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhiqize izimo ezifanayo ezifundeni ezahlukene, njengoba kubonakala ku Isimo sezulu eziqhingini zaseBalearic sango-2038, nayo esengozini ngenxa yezinqubo ezifanayo.
Imibono ka-2035 iphakamisa ukuthi kuphela U-54% wamabhishi amanje azoba nobubanzi obanele bokungcebeleka, futhi eyethusayo U-9% ungaguguleka ngokuphelele. Lokhu kunemithelela ebalulekile kwezokuvakasha, umkhakha owaheha ngo-2023 18 million izivakashi, u-90% wabo uhlaliswe komasipala basogwini futhi ubonisa ukuthi isimo singaba bucayi kangakanani uma izinyathelo zingathathwa.
Ingqalasizinda yasogwini nayo isengcupheni. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, izimvula ezinamandla, neziphepho ezinamandla kuthinta amandla, ukukhucululwa kwendle, kanye nenqwaba yengqalasizinda yezokuthutha, iningi lakhona elitholakala ezindaweni ezithandwa yizikhukhula. Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ulayini we-Rodalies del Maresme kufanele uhanjiswe phakathi nezwe ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, njengoba kushiwo engxoxweni ethi. ingqalasizinda esimeme lapho ibhekene nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuqhubeka kweziqephu ezifana neStorm Gloria ngoJanuwari 2020 kukhombisile ukuthi inkinga yesimo sezulu ingokoqobo. Lo mcimbi ulethe izimvula zaze zafika 500 amalitha/m² ezifundeni ezithile, okubangela ukuthi imifula igcwale futhi ibe nomthelela omubi kwezolimo zendawo, okugcizelela ukuphuthuma kokubhekana nezinkinga umthelela osabalele wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo
Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo esibucayi, izixazululo eziphumelelayo zidingeka ngokushesha. IGreenpeace iphakamisa ukuthi ngokuncipha okusesilinganisweni kokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kuze kufike U-40% we-beach retreat Nokho, emhlabeni wonke lo mzamo kufanele uhlanganiswe ezingeni lendawo futhi uqhutshwa ukubambisana kwemiphakathi neziphathimandla. Ukusebenzisana komphakathi kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu esifundeni.
Izenzo ezidingekayo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuqalisa izinqubomgomo ezifisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
- Yethula izibikezelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezinhlelweni zasemadolobheni kanye nengqalasizinda.
- Dala imikhawulo nemithethonqubo yezokuvakasha, engabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwendalo lwasogwini.
- Buyisela futhi ulondoloze izindawo ezithandwa yizikhukhula kanye nemvelo njengamaxhaphozi abalulekile ekuqineni kogu.
Isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo siyaphuthuma. Amabhishi awawona nje indawo eheha izivakashi, kodwa futhi ahlinzeka ngochungechunge lwezinhlelo zemvelo nemisebenzi evikela ugu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa umthelela kukho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezisengozini.
Ngaphezu kwamasu ashiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ucwaningo kanye nemfundo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukuze umphakathi waziswe futhi ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuvikeleni ugu lwaseCatalan. Ngaphandle kokubambisana kwawo wonke umuntu, ugu lwaseCatalan lungabhekana nekusasa elifiphele elidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, njengoba kungabonakala naku izikhukhula ezisongela bonke abantu.
Inkinga yesimo sezulu iyinselelo ethinta wonke umuntu. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganyela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zingajabulela ubuhle nokusebenza okuhlinzekwa ngamabhishi ethu. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokubambisana, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezigcina ugu lwethu futhi zinciphise umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
