Kulabo abangakayiboni, nasi isiqeshana sefilimu i-Armageddon. Kungaba enye yamamuvi okuqala afikayo emqondweni, kulandela isimemezelo sakamuva seNASA. Ku-movie i-Armageddon, i-meteor enkulu ibheke kwiplanethi yethu. Indlela esetshenziswe kwifilimu ukuyisusa iwukuhlala ku-asteroid. Ngemuva kwalokho yenza imbobo enkulu ukubeka ibhomu bese uyiqhumisa. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-meteorite ibe yizicucu ezimbili, ngokuhambisana nomfutho, ngayinye idlula ohlangothini olulodwa lomhlaba wethu. Uma lolu hlelo olubhekile lufezwa, kungaba yingqophamlando enkulu emlandweni weminyaka engama-58 walesi sikhungo.. Ukuphathwa okubanzi okwandayo okutholwa yizinhlobo zethu zemvelo kufanele kubhekwe. Eqinisweni, kukhona ngisho nesilinganiso sokulinganisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwempucuko, kanye nesandiso esakhiwa usosayensi ngakho. Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngephrojekthi ye-NASA.
Ngabe uhlose ukukufeza kanjani?
Igama lohlelo oluzothuthukisa iphrojekthi lubizwa nge-DART, okusho ukuthi "Isivivinyo Sokuqondiswa Kabusha kwe-Asteroid kabili." Umgomo uwukuchezukisa la matshe amakhulu emhlabeni wethu.
Ukwenza lokhu, bazokwethula umkhumbi ozothinta i-Didymos yasemkhathini., ngesiGreki okusho iwele. IDidymos yakhiwe yizicucu ezimbili, iDidymos A, amamitha ayi-780 ububanzi no-B, amamitha ayi-160. Bazodlula i-11km ukusuka eMhlabeni ngo-Okthoba 2022 bese kuthi ngo-2024.
Indlela yokuphambuka, i.e. ukuchezukisa umzila we-asteroid, izoqhutshwa kanye nochwepheshe be-Applied Physics Laboratory eJohns Hopkins University eMaryland. "Ngizokukhumbula Inhloso yokuqala yeNASA ukukhombisa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi inqubo ye-kinetic impact ukuvikela umthelela ongaba khona we-asteroid yesikhathi esizayo ”. Amagama kaLindley Johnson, Isikhulu Sokuvikela Amaplanethi seNASA.
Lo mkhumbi uzokwethulwa ku-21.600km/h. Noma yini efanayo, ku-6km ngomzuzwana, cishe Izikhathi eziyi-9 ijubane lenhlamvu. Ngalokhu, imiphumela yomthelela ingahlaziywa.
Ukubaluleka kokulandela umkhathi
Umsebenzi we-DART awugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela ekuvikelweni kweplanethi, kodwa futhi uyithuba lokufunda nokuqonda kangcono imvelo yama-asteroids nokuziphatha kwabo. I-NASA yabonisa ukuthi ama-asteroid awawona nje imizimba engaphili; ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuqonda umlando nokuziphendukela kwesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nemvelo yalezi zindikimba zasemkhathini, ungathintana nomhlahlandlela wethu ku i-asteroid Bennu.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini ngama-asteroids lubonisa lokho Eziningi zazo, empeleni, "izinqwaba zemfucumfucu" (izinqwaba zemfucumfucu), ezakhiwe ngamandla adonsela phansi udaba lwazo. Lesi simo singathonya indlela abasabela ngayo kumthelela, siphakamise ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemishini yesikhathi esizayo yokuvikela iplanethi.
Kulo mongo, kubalulekile Thuthukisa ukulandelela kwe-asteroid kanye namakhono okulinganisa ukuhlonza lezo ezimele izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngalo mqondo, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kudlala indima ebalulekile. Izinhlelo ezifana nalezi I-International Asteroid Alert Network (IAWN) futhi i I-Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG) ziyizibonelo zendlela amazwe asebenzisana ngayo ukuqapha nokuthuthukisa amasu okubhekana nezinsongo ezingaba khona.
Kwenzekeni nge-DART?
Imishini ye-DART yathola impumelelo engakaze ibonwe lapho, ngoSepthemba 26, 2022, ithinta i-asteroid Dimorphos, okuholele ekutheni ushintsho olukhulu emzileni walo. Lo mthelela ubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphambukisa umzila we-asteroid. Ukushayisana, okwenzeke ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-6,6 ngomzuzwana, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwehlise isikhathi sokuzungeza i-Dimorphos ezungeza uzakwabo, i-Didymos, ngemizuzu engu-32.
Lo mphumela awubanga yingqophamlando kuphela, kodwa futhi uvule amathuba amasha kwabakwa ukuzivikela kweplanethi, okubonisa ukuthi ukungenela komuntu kungashintsha inkambo yendalo yasezulwini eyayibonakala isongela ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zemishini zizodinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nesaziso kusenesikhathi.
Usongo lwangempela lwe-asteroid 2024 YR4
Kusukela ngomhla ka-27 Disemba 2024, ukuba khona kwe-asteroid 2024 YR4 kwabikwa, okungase kube nomthelela eMhlabeni ngomhla ka-22 Disemba 2032. Nakuba amathuba okuba nomthelela aphansi, izivumelwano zokuqapha zamazwe ngamazwe zenziwe zasebenza ngenxa yalolu songo olungase lube khona. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi ngalokhu, kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ukuthi yini yini engenzeka uma i-asteroid ifika eMhlabeni.
Ngobubanzi obulinganiselwe obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-40 no-100, le asteroid ingase ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wendawo uma ingena emkhathini. Ukutholwa nokuqapha kwayo kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi kanjani izikhungo zasemkhathini, kuhlanganise ne-NASA, bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi basabela ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ama-asteroids ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga nokuthi ukugadwa kwabo kuyidlala kanjani indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi.
Impendulo yamazwe ngamazwe
Ukubhekwa okukhuphukile kwezinkanyezi kwango-2024 YR4 kuyisibonelo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuvikela iplanethi. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yokubuka i-asteroid, izinto ezisondela eMhlabeni zingatholwa futhi ziqashwe, okubalulekile ukulindela noma yimuphi umthelela ongaba khona.
Ukusebenza kwe- Ihhovisi le-NASA Planetary Defense Coordination Office kanye nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano zokusabela, ezibalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi uma kwenzeka kuqinisekiswa umzila oyingozi wesibhakabhaka. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe obuthola ama-asteroid ayingozi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela iplanethi
Akungabazeki ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu endaweni yokuvikela iplanethi. Umsebenzi we-DART uyisibonelo esisodwa nje se amasu athuthukiswayo ukuphambukisa ama-asteroids. Ngokuzayo, obunye ubuchwepheshe, obufana nokusetshenziswa kweziqhumane zenuzi noma ezinye izindlela zokuchezuka kusetshenziswa izindawo zamandla adonsela phansi, zingacatshangelwa kuye ngokuthi imvelo yendikimba yasezulwini esongelayo injani.
I-NASA iyaqhubeka nokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa okusha ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuvikela iplanethi. Ngamunye wale mizamo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe uyisinyathelo esibheke ekuvikeleni iplanethi yethu ezinsongweni ezivela emkhathini.
Umbono wekusasa
Ukuqapha kwe-asteroid kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje buvumela ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha evela kuma-asteroid akude, okunikeza ososayensi ithuba lokuhlola ngokunembile umzila wabo futhi babikezele isidingo sokungenelela. Imisebenzi ye-asteroid-deflect njenge-DART ibonisa ukuthi akumele ulinde kuze kube yilapho into iba usongo oluseduze.
Imithelela esintwini
Amathuba okuthi isibhakabhaka sishaye uMhlaba akusona nje isihloko senganekwane yesayensi; Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ama-ejensi asemkhathini akhuluma ngawo. Umlando ubonise ukuthi imithelela asteroid kukhona izehlakalo zemvelo okungaba nemiphumela elimazayo, njengoba kubonakala esikhathini esidlule ngomthelela owaholela ekushabalaleni kwama-dinosaurs.
Ngakho-ke ukuvikela iplanethi akuyona nje inkambu yokufunda, kodwa kuwumthwalo owela phezu komphakathi wesayensi womhlaba wonke. Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kuzoqhubeka kubalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi yethu.
