Phakathi kososayensi abazinikele kwi-quantum physics, okunye okuphawuleka kakhulu ngendida eyindida yekati USchrödinger. Igama lakhe eligcwele kwakungu-Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger owayengusosayensi wase-Austria owazalelwa eVienna ngo-Agasti 12, 1887. Wanikezwa uPaul Dirac, umklomelo wasePoland weNobel we-wave action physics obizwa nge-Schrödinger equation. Umklomelo wakhe kaNobel waklonyeliswa ngo-1933 ngesikhathi esiphezulu somsebenzi wakhe njenge-quantum physicist.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-biography kanye nendida yekati kaSchrödinger.
ISchrödinger biography
Wayeyisazi sesayensi yemvelo eyayisemsuka we-quantum physics futhi wayaziwa ngokuhlola kwakhe ukucabanga okumangalisayo. Konke lokhu kwavela ekubhaleni kwakhe no-Albert Einstein ngo-1935. Wathola iziqu zakhe zobudokotela i-physics yethiyori ngokusebenzisa i-University of Vienna ngo-1910. Wayebambe iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala njengesikhulu sezikhali ngo-1914.
Kukhishwe izindatshana ezahlukahlukene kumagazini i-Annals of Physics ngenkinga ebandakanyekile ekulinganisweni kwama-eigenvectors. Lapho nje eqhubeka nokucacisa isibalo nama-eigenvectors, kwaba yisibalo seSchrödinger. Kamuva washiya iJalimane waya eNgilandi ngenxa yobuNazi nobuJuda. Kwakuse-Oxford University lapho athola khona uMklomelo KaNobel. Lo mnikelo obalulekile ku-physics uthathwa njengenye yeziqophamlando emlandweni wokuqonda indawo yonke, ikakhulukazi kumongo wendlela umkhathi wadalwa ngayo.
Kamuva, ngo-1936, wabuyela e-Austria eyosebenza e-University of Graz.
I-Quantum Physics nentuthuko
Kumishini ye-quantum, awukwazi ukwazi ngqo inani lepharamitha ngaphandle kokuthi ulilinganise kuqala. Umbono weMathematics uchaza umbuso nge-torque, isivinini kanye nesimo ngokunemba okuphelele. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi we-wave ungcono lapho amathuba okuthola i-particle endaweni ethile futhi ngesikhathi esithile angabalwa. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwamathuba kumishini ye-quantum lukwazile ukubikezela ukuthi izinhlayiya nazo zingamagagasi namaphuzu hhayi izinto zokwenziwa kuphela.
Phakathi kwamagama kaSchrödinger sithola lesi sigaba esisho okulandelayo:
«Ngazalelwa endaweni, angazi ukuthi ngivelaphi noma ngiyaphi noma ngingubani. Lesi yisimo sami njengalesi senu, kulowo nalowo kini. Iqiniso lokuthi wonke umuntu wesilisa ubelokhu ekulesi simo futhi njalo akangifundisi lutho. Konke esingazibuka ngakho mayelana nemibuzo evuthayo mayelana nemvelaphi yethu nesiphetho sethu, lena imvelo. Kungakho bemagange ukuthola kukho konke esingakuthola kukho. Lokhu yilokhu isayensi, ulwazi, ulwazi okungumthombo wangempela womzamo womuntu ongokomoya.
Sizama ukuthola ukuthi yini esingayenza mayelana nengqikithi yendawo kanye neyesikhashana esazalelwa futhi sahlala kuyo. Futhi kulo mzamo, sithola injabulo, sikuthola kuthakazelisa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuqonda i-quantum physics, njengaleyo eyahlolwa u-Schrödinger, ibe yisisekelo ekuqondeni ukuthi indawo yonke yadalwa kanjani.
Ikati likaSchrödinger
Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuthuthuka kwesayensi okunikelwe nguSchrödinger kukhona okuye kwaduma kakhulu futhi okusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Imayelana nekati likaSchrödinger. Kuyindida ethandwa kakhulu ku-quantum physics kude kakhulu. Inokuhlukahluka okuhlukile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini: yaphakanyiswa ngu-Erwin Schrödinger ngo-1935 kumcabango wokucabanga osikhombisa ukuthi kuphazamisa kanjani umhlaba we-quantum.
Indida iqala ngokucabanga ngekati ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elingabonakali ngokuphelele. Ngaphakathi yayifakwe indlela exhuma i-electron detector nesando. Ngaphansi nje kwesando kufakwa isitsha seglasi esinomthamo wobuhlungu obubulala ikati. Uma umtshina ethatha i-electron, ingavula indlela yokwenza isando iwe futhi yephule umganu wobuthi.
Ngemuva kwalokho i-electron iyaxoshwa, futhi ngokunengqondo, izinto eziningana zingenzeka. Okokuqala, umtshina angathatha i-electron bese wenza indlela yesando iwele futhi ikhiphe ubuthi. Uma umtshina ethatha i-electron, kwanele ukuthi kusebenze lo mshini. Esimweni esinjalo, ikati limhogela ushevu bese liyafa. Uma sivula ibhokisi namuhla sizothola ikati elifile.
Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi i-electron igobisa enye indlela bese umtshina ungayibambi. Ngale ndlela, indlela yokusebenza noma ayisebenzi futhi ibhodlela aliphuli. Ngale ndlela ikati lisaphila. Kulokhu, lapho uvula ibhokisi, lesi silwane sizovela siphephile futhi sizwakala.
Kuze kube manje konke kunengqondo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuwukulinga lokho Unethuba elingama-50% lokuthi isilwane sizogcina siphila noma sifile. Kodwa-ke, i-quantum physics inselele ingqondo yethu evamile. Imithelela yendida yekati lika-Schrödinger ibonisa izingqinamba i-quantum physics ebhekana nazo ekufuneni ukuqonda indawo yonke.
Incazelo yendida
I-electron kokubili igagasi nenhlayiya. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kufanele sazi kahle kangakanani ukuthi i-electron iqhuma njengenhlamvu kodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengegagasi. Kufana namagagasi akhiwa lapho siphonsa itshe emgodini. Okungukuthi, kungathatha izindlela ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Azifakiwe, kepha kunalokho ziyagqagqana njengoba nje izigaxa zizongqubeka echibini lamanzi. Ngakho-ke kuthatha indlela yomtshina kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ibuye ithathe enye indlela.
Uma i-electron itholakele, ikati liyafa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngeke atholakale futhi usaphila. Esikalini se-athomu, siyabona ukuthi womabili la mathuba agcwaliseka ngasikhathi sinye futhi asazi ukuthi isilwane sigcina siphila noma sifile ngasikhathi sinye. Zombili lezi zifundazwe ziyalingana ngokoqobo futhi kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lapho sivula ibhokisi sibona kuphela abafileyo noma abaphilayo.
Uma womabili amathuba eyiqiniso futhi engokoqobo, kungani sibona eyodwa kuphela? Incazelo ukuthi ucwaningo lusebenzisa imithetho ye-quantum physics. Nokho, ikati akulona uhlelo quantum. Futhi i-quantum physics yenza esikalini se-subatomic futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela. Lokho kusho ukuthi, isebenza kuphela ngezinhlayiya ezithile ezizimele. Noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nemvelo kwenza ukuthi imithetho ye-quantum physics ingasebenzi.
Izinhlayiya eziningi ziyahlangana, ngakho-ke, i-quantum ayinakusetshenziswa emhlabeni wangempela futhi omkhulu njengoba kwenzeka ngesibonelo salesi silwane. Futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa le mithetho uma kushisa. Ikati liyindaba eshisayo futhi thina, ngokuvula ibhokisi ukuze sibuke umphumela, siyasebenzisana futhi singcolisa isivivinyo. Iqiniso nje lokubuka lingcolisa ukuhlolwa futhi lichaze iqiniso eliqhathaniswa nokunye okunye.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeSchrödinger nokwenziwa kwakhe.