Isifundazwe saseChubut sicwile kakhulu igagasi lokushisa okukhulu lokho akunikezi khefuNjengoba amazinga okushisa ezinsuku ezilandelanayo angaphezu kwamanani ajwayelekile ePatagonia, amarekhodi asemthethweni avela kwiNational Meteorological Service (SMN) abeka amadolobha amaningana eChubut phakathi kwashisa kakhulu ezweni, esimweni lapho impilo yomphakathi iba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu.
Kulesi simo se ukushisa okukhulu nokuqhubeka isikhathi esideI-SMN iyaqhubeka nokusebenza izaziso zesexwayiso Kukhishwe izexwayiso eziphuzi neziphuzi ngokushisa okuphezulu, kuyilapho iziphathimandla zezempilo zinxusa abantu ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, asebekhulile, nalabo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Umgomo ucacile: ukuvimbela ukushisa ukuthi kungabi yinkinga enkulu yezempilo kunokuba kube yinkinga nje.
Izexwayiso zeNational Meteorological Service: kusukela ekungakhululeki kuya engcupheni yempilo
Ngokusho kwemibiko yakamuva, I-Chubut ingaphansi kwesexwayiso esiphuzi Ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu kakhulu endaweni enkulu yayo, iqokwe njengesigaba esibonisa ingozi yempilo ephakathi kuya kwephezulu. Leli zinga lisho ukuthi ukushisa kungaba nomthelela omkhulu, hhayi kuphela kubantu abanezimo ezikhona kakade, kodwa nakubantu abaphilile uma kungathathwa izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela.
Uhlelo lwesixwayiso lwe-SMN luhlukanisa izehlakalo zokushisa zibe amazinga amathathu: Izexwayiso eziphuzi, eziwolintshi, nezibomvuUphuzi ubonisa ingozi encane kuya kwephakathi, ehlotshaniswa kakhulu nabantu abasengozini; u-orenji uphakamisa izinga liye engozini ephakathi noma ephezulu, okungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu; kanti obomvu ugcinwa izigameko zengozi enkulu, ngisho nakubantu abaphilile nabasebenzayo.
E-Chubut, izexwayiso zivuselelwe njengoba izinsuku zidlula. Kukhishwe isexwayiso salo Mgqibelo. isexwayiso esiphuzi kulo lonke isifundazweLokhu kuza ngaphezu kwezinsuku zangaphambilini zokushisa okukhulu. Nakuba izinga lesexwayiso eliphuzi lingabonisi isimo esingavamile, libonisa ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zesimo sezulu zingabangela umonakalo nokuthi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvimbela ukungakhululeki okuncane ukuthi kungakhuli kube yisimo esibucayi.
I-SMN ikhomba ukuthi isenzakalo sokushisa okukhulu sichazwa njengesikhathi sezinsuku eziningana nge amanani aphezulu kakhulu kanye namanani amancane kakhulu, uyakwazi ukwandisa ukugula nokufaNgamanye amazwi, akuyona nje imini eshisayo, kodwa ukulandelana kwezinsuku ezishisayo ezivivinya ikhono lomzimba lokulawula izinga lokushisa kwawo.
Lesi simo asithinti nje iChubut kuphela, kodwa lesi sifundazwe siphakathi kwezithinteke kakhulu ezweni, kanye nezingxenye zaseSanta Cruz naseMisiones. Noma kunjalo, ukugxila kwezempilo kanye nesimo sezulu Igxile endaweni yaseChubut, lapho ukushisa kuhlangana khona nomswakama ophansi kanye nesibhakabhaka esicacile, i-cocktail ethanda ukuphelelwa amanzi ngokushesha.
Izinga lokushisa elibi kakhulu: UTrelew uhola phambili ohlwini lukazwelonke
Ubukhulu besiqephu bubonakala ngokucacile ekulinganisweni kwezinga lokushisa okukhishwe yi-SMN ntambama. UTrelew uphume phambili ohlwini lukazwelonke ngo-38 °C ngo-15:00 ntambama, okuhambisana nomswakama olinganiselwe ongu-14%, iqiniso eliqinisa umuzwa wokoma nokungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokushisa kwelanga okuphezulu.
Ukushisa kwakungagcini kuTrelew. Ngendlela efanayo, I-Comodoro Rivadavia iqophe u-35,3 °C nomswakama ongu-18%, ngenkathi I-Paso de Indios ifinyelele ku-33,2 °C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-16%. Lawa manani abonisa ukuthi igagasi lokushisa limboza indawo yesigodi kanye nengxenye yangaphakathi neningizimu yesifundazwe, okudala imephu yamazinga okushisa aphezulu cishe kuyo yonke indawo.
Umzila wasePatagonian nawo wanyakaziswa amamaki aphezulu. I-Viedma ifinyelele ku-36,5 °C enomswakama ongu-20% kanye ISan Antonio Oeste ikhuphukele ku-35,9 °C Ngo-14%, kuqinisekisile ukuthi iPatagonia ayisindanga ekushiseni okukhulu, naphezu kodumo lwayo njengesifunda esipholile nesinomoya. Nakuba ezinye izindawo zezwe, njenge-NEA (eNyakatho-mpumalanga), ziqophe amanani afanayo anomswakama ophezulu kakhulu, ukungakhululeki kwazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene: ukoma okucindezelayo eningizimu kanye nesilinganiso sokushisa esiphezulu enyakatho.
Ezifundazweni ezifana neCorrientes, Chaco, Misiones kanye neFormosa, Izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-33-34 °CKodwa-ke, inkomba yokushisa idlule ku-40°C kwezinye izindawo ngenxa yomswakama. Noma kunjalo, iqiniso lokuthi iTrelew ihambe phambili ohlwini lukazwelonke ngesikhathi sehora eliphezulu ntambama ligcizelela ukubaluleka kokushisa. ukuhluka kwesiqephu ku-Chubut futhi ichaza ukukhathazeka kweziphathimandla kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Uma sibheka idatha eqoqwe, kuba sobala ukuthi ngoMgqibelo ntambama kwaphoqa Amadolobha amaningana eChubut aseceleniUkuhlanganiswa kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, umswakama ophansi, kanye nokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside kusho ukuthi izincomo ezivamile—ukuphuza amanzi, ukufuna umthunzi, ukugwema ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba—akusekho ukuba yiseluleko nje futhi kube yisidingo sokugcina impilo.
Ububanzi bezindawo kanye nokuvela kwesimo eChubut
Iseluleko sokuhamba esikhishwe kulezi zinsuku sichaza ukufinyelela okucishe kube yindawo yonke esifundazweni. Umoya ofudumele uthinta indawo kusukela ezintabeni zase-Andes kuya ogwini lwase-Atlantic, uthinta izindawo zasemakhaya, ithafa, kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Akuyona isimo esitholakala edolobheni elilodwa, kodwa kunalokho isenzakalo esikhulu sendawo.
Ngokusho kwemibiko esemthethweni, ukushisa kuzwakala kakhulu eminyangweni yezintaba yase- UCushamen, Futaleufú, Languiñeo, Tehuelches noRío Senguerlapho ihlobo lasePatagonia livame ukuba mnene khona. Okungeziwe kulokhu yithafa eliphakathi nendawo—iGastre, iPaso de Indios, iTelsen, kanye neMártires—elivezwe ngokomlando ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa manje selibhekene namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Lesi simo siphindaphindwa esigodini nasogwini, lapho Gaiman, Rawson, Biedma, Trelew kanye nePuerto Madryn Phakathi kwezindawo lapho ukushisa kube kukhulu khona. Emadolobheni ezivakashi kanye namachweba, inhlanganisela yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemisebenzi yangaphandle ikhulisa ukuchayeka, okwenza kube nesidingo sokuqinisa imiyalezo yokuvimbela kokubili izakhamuzi kanye nezivakashi.
Iziphathimandla zesifundazwe ziqapha ngokucophelela ukuvela kwesistimu yesexwayisoIzinga lokuqapha, okwamanje elihlala liphuzi kanye ne-orenji kuye ngendawo kanye nosuku, lingakhuphuka uma umcimbi uqhubeka noma ukhula. Isibhakabhaka esicacile esiqhubekayo kanye nemimoya emincane kugcina amazinga okushisa ephezulu ntambama futhi kuvimbela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ebusuku ukuze kufudumale ngokwanele.
Uma sibheka phambili ngempelasonto, izibikezelo zibonisa ukuthi ukuqina kanye nezimo zokushisa Lezi zimo zizoqhubeka kulo lonke isifunda. Nakuba isixwayiso esithile singase sihlotshaniswe nosuku oluthile, umyalezo oyisisekelo ukuthi amagagasi okushisa ePatagonia aya ngokuya eba maningi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, nokuthi ukuzivumelanisa nemikhuba yansuku zonke kubalulekile ekugwemeni izinkinga.
Indlela ukushisa okukhulu okuwuthinta ngayo umzimba
Uma amazinga okushisa enyuka izinsuku eziningana, umzimba uqala uchungechunge lwezifo. izindlela zokubuyisela ukushisaOkokuqala kwalokhu kuvame ukuba ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi esikhumbeni, okusiza ekuqedeni ukushisa kodwa futhi kungabangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze igcine ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele, okungaholela kubantu abasengozini yokuba nesiyezi, ukuquleka, noma izimo zenhliziyo.
Uma ukushisa kuqhubeka futhi kungekho umswakama owanele, umzimba uqala ukulahlekelwa yikhono lawo lokuzilawula. "I-thermostat" yangaphakathi ayisebenzi kahleUkujuluka akusanele ukupholisa umzimba, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liqala ukukhuphuka ngokungalawuleki. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuba nokushisa komzimba, isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingashiya imiphumela emibi futhi sibe yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i- ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokulahlekelwa usawoti wamaminerali Ziba ngenye indlela ethule. Ukujuluka okukhulu kuhlanza amanzi kanye nama-electrolyte abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemisipha, imizwa kanye nezinso. Lokhu kungabonakala ekuqaleni njengokuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukucasuka, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu, kodwa uma kungelashwa, lesi simo singaqhubekela ekuqulekeni noma ekuhlulekeni kwezitho zomzimba.
Phakathi kwamacala anzima kakhulu, Ukushisa komzimba kubonakala ngezimpawu ezicacile kakhuluIzimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane omkhulu, isikhumba esishisayo nesicwebezelayo, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kanye nezinguquko zezinzwa njengokudideka, ukudideka, ukuxhuzula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Kulezi zimo, umonakalo ungathinta ubuchopho, inhliziyo, izinso kanye nemisipha, okwenza kube yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kokufika kulelo qophelo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa kokushisaI-Heatstroke, eyenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku eziningana zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, iveza ukujuluka okukhulu, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuphefumula okusheshayo. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungabhekwa njengokungakhululeki okudlulayo, uma kungelashwa kahle kungaba yimbangela ye-heatstroke egcwele.
Izimpawu zesixwayiso kanye nosizo lokuqala lokushisa
Empilweni yansuku zonke, imfudumalo ibonakaliswa futhi ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukushawa yilanga, kanye nokukhubazeka okuvamileLokhu kuphazamiseka okubuhlungu emilenzeni, ezingalweni, noma esiswini kungahambisana nesiyezi kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba noma ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside. Uma kukhulunywa ngegagasi lokushisa elifana neli-Chubut elibhekana nalo, akube yingxenye "evamile" yehlobo futhi kube yisixwayiso sokuthi umzimba usemkhawulweni wawo.
Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko naso asithinteki. Ukushisa okukhulu kungabangela ukushintsha amaprotheni kanye nesithiyo segazi nobuchophoLokhu kukhuthaza ukuvuvukala kanye nomonakalo kumaseli ezinzwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusabela okuhamba kancane, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukukhathala okuphawulekayo, ukunganaki, ukucasuka, ukungakhululeki lapho uhamba noma umi, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kube nokudideka.
Izimpawu ezixwayisayo ezidinga isinyathelo esisheshayo zifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme kakhuluUkudideka, ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuma, ukuxhuzula, ukuquleka, noma ukuba kubi kakhulu kwesimo esivele sikhona. Uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukumhambisa umuntu endaweni epholile, enomoya omuhle, umbeke emthunzini, akhulule izingubo zakhe, afake izinto ezibandayo ezicindezelayo entanyeni, emakhwapheni nasezinsinini zakhe, bese ecela usizo lwezokwelapha.
Ezimweni zokuphelelwa ukushisa, Usizo lokuqala lusekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathuPholisa, manzisa, futhi uqaphe. Kubalulekile ukususa umuntu elangeni, umnike amanzi abandayo ngezipuni ezincane (noma iziphuzo ze-electrolyte uma zikhona), futhi wenze kube lula ukuhwamuka komjuluko ngokungenisa umoya. Akukhuthazwa ukumphoqa ukuba aphuze uketshezi oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ukusebenzisa iziphuzo ezidakayo noma ezine-caffeine eningi.
Kunemingcele okufanele ihlonishwe: ungamshiyi eyedwa umuntu ongaphilile kahle Futhi ungamphoqeleli ukuthi aphuze uma elele, ehlanza, noma enenkinga yokugwinya, ngenxa yengozi yokuminza. Uma kungekho ngcono phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, noma uma kuvela izimpawu ezifana nokudideka, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuxhuzula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, inkomba icacile: funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye neziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo noma sezinso.
Izincomo ezisemthethweni kanye nokuvimbela kwansuku zonke
Ukuphendula lesi sigameko sokushisa okukhulu, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye ne-Undersecretariat of Citizen Protection of Chubut bagcizelela ukuthi qinisa izindlela ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayoInto eyinhloko ukugcina amanzi ehlala ekhona, ukuphuza amanzi usuku lonke ngisho noma ungazizwa womile, ngoba lapho kuvela ukoma okukhulu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi umzimba usuvele uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.
Esinye isincomo esiyisihluthulelo Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni ngqo Phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-16 noma 17 ntambama, okuyizikhathi lapho imisebe iba namandla kakhulu. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, kuyalulekwa ukuhlela imisebenzi yangaphandle ekuseni kakhulu noma ntambama kakhulu, nokunciphisa ukuvivinya umzimba okunzima ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaqeqeshiwe noma labo abanezinkinga zempilo ezikhona kakade.
Iziphathimandla ziphakamisa nokuthi kukhethwe izingubo ezikhululekile nezinombala okhanyayoGqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngokotini noma ezinye izindwangu eziphefumulayo, futhi usebenzise izigqoko noma amakepisi nezibuko zelanga. Ngaphakathi endlini, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza umoya ogeleza, ukusebenzisa amafeni noma umoya opholile uma kutholakala, futhi, uma kungenzeka, funa izindawo ezipholile ngezikhathi ezishisayo zosuku.
Ngokuphathelene nokudla, okulandelayo kuqalwa kuqala: ukudla okulula, okunamanzi amaningiKhetha izithelo, imifino, namasaladi esikhundleni sokudla okunamafutha noma okunzima ukukugaya. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi unciphise iziphuzo ezidakayo nezinoshukela, futhi ulinganisele ekudleni kwakho iziphuzo ezine-caffeine, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Uma unemibuzo noma izimo eziphuthumayo ezihlobene nokushisa, isifundazwe sikhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi izinsiza ezilandelayo ziyatholakala: inombolo yosizo yamahhala (0800-666-2447)lapho ungathola khona isiqondiso sendlela yokwenza uma kwenzeka izimpawu ezikhathazayo noma lapho kudingeka ukuya esikhungweni sezempilo. Lezi zinhlobo zeziteshi zibaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini lapho uhlelo lwezempilo lungase lukhungathekiswe ukubonisana okuningi okuhlobene negagasi lokushisa.
Isiqephu uChubut adlula kuso sibonisa ukuthi kanjani Amagagasi okushisa aseyinselele ekhulayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezipholile zasePatagonia ngokwesiko. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixwayiso zesimo sezulu, ulwazi lwezempilo, kanye nemikhuba yansuku zonke eqaphile kuba yinto ebalulekile ukuze kudlule kulezi zinsuku ngaphandle kwengozi, kunciphisa umthelela empilweni futhi kuvimbele usuku olucindezelayo ukuthi luphele esimweni esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingagwenywa.
