Impela sekukaningi ubona ukuthi uma kunesiphepho into yokuqala ukuthi kube khona ukukhanya okungumbani bese umsindo ufika. Lokhu kungenxa ye- Ijubane lomsindo. Ososayensi bathole isivinini esikhulu lapho umsindo ungahamba khona emoyeni. Ku-physics lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi simo esihlokweni mayelana Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nombani.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesivinini somsindo nokuthi uhamba kanjani.
Ijubane lomsindo
Ijubane lokusabalala kwegagasi lomsindo lincike ezicini zendlela elisakazeka ngayo, hhayi ezicini zegagasi noma amandla alikhiqizayo. Lesi sivinini sokusabalala kwamagagasi omsindo sibizwa nangokuthi ijubane lomsindo. Emkhathini womhlaba, izinga lokushisa lingu-20ºC, okungamamitha angama-343 ngomzuzwana. Ijubane lomsindo liyahlukahluka nangendlela yokusabalalisa futhi nendlela esakazeka ngayo phakathi nendawo kusiza ukuqonda kangcono izici ezithile zendlela yokudlulisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwendawo yokusabalalisa lishintsha, ijubane lomsindo nalo lizoshintsha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekwandeni kokuvama kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezithwala ukudlidliza, okuhumushela ekwandeni kwejubane legagasi.
Ngokuvamile, isivinini somsindo ezintweni eziqinile siphezulu kunesoketshezi, futhi isivinini somsindo oketshezini singaphezu kwamagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi into eqinile ekhona, likhulu izinga lokuhlangana kwamabhondi e-athomu, elivuna ukusabalala kwamagagasi omsindo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, bheka isihloko sethu isithiyo somsindo.
Ijubane lokusakazwa komsindo lincike kakhulu ebubanzini besisetshenziswa esisabalalisa. Ukunwebeka kubhekisa emandleni okubuyisa ukwakheka kwawo koqobo.
Kuyini umsindo
Umsindo uyigagasi lengcindezi elingasakazeka emoyeni ngokucindezela nokudangala. Umsindo esiwubona usizungezile awudluli nje kuphela amandla akhiqizwa ukudlidliza okusakazeka emoyeni noma kunoma iyiphi enye indlela, engatholwa futhi izwakale lapho ifinyelela endlebeni yomuntu. Siyazi ukuthi umsindo uhamba ngesimo samaza.
Amagagasi angukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza phakathi nendawo, adlulisa amandla esuka kwelinye iphuzu aye kwelinye ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwalawa maphuzu amabili. Singasho ukuthi i-wave ikhiqizwa ukudlidliza kwezinhlayiya ze-medium lapho idlula khona, okungukuthi, inqubo yokusabalalisa ehambisana nokufuduka kwe-longitudinal (esiqondiso sokusabalalisa) kwama-molecule omoya. Indawo enokufuduswa okukhulu ivela endaweni lapho i-amplitude yenguquko yengcindezi ingu-zero futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Umsindo kusipikha
Umoya oyipayipi enesipikha ngakolunye uhlangothi bese uvalwa kolunye uhlangothi uyavevezela ngendlela yamagagasi. I-static ubude obude. Izindlela zakho zokudlidliza kwamashubhu analezi zici. Ihambisana ne-sine wave, ubude bayo bokuthi kukhona iphuzu le-zero amplitude. I-node yokukhipha ekugcineni kwesipikha kanye nokuphela kwebhubhu, ngoba umoya awukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ngenxa yesipikha kanye ne-tube cap, ngokulandelana. Kula ma-node sinokuhluka okuphezulu kwengcindezi, i-antinode noma isisu, segagasi lokuma.
Ijubane lomsindo kwimidiya ehlukile
Ijubane lomsindo liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi igagasi lomsindo lihamba ngayiphi indlela. Iphinde ishintshe nezinga lokushisa lendawo ezungezile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukwanda kwemvamisa yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezithwala ukudlidliza, futhi ukwanda kwalo msebenzi kwandisa isivinini. Lesi simo sihlobene ngqo ne- ukusabalala komsindo emkhathini.
Isibonelo, eqhweni, umsindo ungahamba amabanga amade. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlehliswa ngaphansi kweqhwa, okungeyona into ehambisanayo. Isendlalelo ngasinye seqhwa sinokushisa okuhlukile. Izindawo ezijule kakhulu ilanga elingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zibanda kakhulu kunaphezulu. Kulezi zingqimba ezipholile eziseduze nomhlabathi, ijubane lokusakazwa komsindo lihamba kancane.
Ngokuvamile, ijubane lomsindo likhulu ezintweni eziqinile kunoketshezi futhi likhulu oketshezini kunasegesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuphakama kobumbano lwezibopho ze-athomu noma zamangqamuzana, inamandla yento. Ijubane lomsindo emoyeni (ekushiseni okungama-20 ° C) lingu-343,2 m / s.
Ake sibone ijubane lomsindo kweminye imidiya:
- Emoyeni, ngo-0 ° C, umsindo uhamba ngejubane lama-331 m / s (kuwo wonke amazinga Celsius izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, ijubane lomsindo lenyuka ngo-0,6 m / s).
- Emanzini (at 25 ° C) ngu-1593 m / s.
- Ezicubu kungu-1540 m / s.
- Ngokhuni kungama-3700 m / s.
- Kukhonkolo kungu-4000 m / s.
- Ensimbi ingu-6100 m / s.
- Ku-aluminium ingu-6400 m / s.
- Ku-cadmium ingu-12400 m / s.
Ijubane lokusabalalisa legagasi lokucindezela libaluleke kakhulu esifundweni sokwenzeka kwe-resonance ku-commutator yenjini ephindaphindayo futhi kuncike ezicini zemvelo. Isibonelo, kumagesi, ingxube ehwamukile ku-manifold yokudonsa noma amagesi ashisiwe ku-exhaust manifold incike ekuminyana nasekucindezelweni kwawo. Kunobudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwejubane lomsindo kanye i-gradient yokucindezela.
Izinhlobo zamagagasi asakazayo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi: amagagasi e-longitudinal namagagasi ajikelezayo.
- Igagasi lesikhathi eside: I-Wave lapho izinhlayiya zesilinganiso esidlidlizelayo zisuka kolunye uhlangothi ziye kolunye uhlangothi olufanayo negagasi. Okuphakathi kungaba okuqinile, oketshezi noma okunomoya. Ngakho-ke, amagagasi omsindo amagagasi e-longitudinal.
- Igagasi elidlulayo: Igagasi lapho izinhlayiya eziphakathi nendawo zidlidlizela phezulu naphansi "ngama-engeli angakwesokudla" ukuya lapho kuhamba khona igagasi. La magagasi avela kuphela ezintweni eziqinile nakuluketshezi, hhayi amagesi.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi amagagasi ahamba nhlangothi zonke, ngakho-ke kulula ukucabanga ngawo njengokudlula endaweni.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesivinini somsindo nezici zayo.