Esinye sezibalo ezifuna ukwazi ukuthi umhlaba wonke uhambile yizo Imigqa yeNazca. Lawa ama-geoglyphs amadala kakhulu atholakala emnyangweni we-Ica wasePeru. Lawa ma-geoglyphs adalwa yisiko langaphambi kukaColumbian Nazca elakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala kanye nele-XNUMX AD. Ngalesi sikhathi sasinalo leli siko elaligqame ngokuba nezethulo eziqoshwe kokubili ngobumba nasemadwaleni nasemhlabathini uqobo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngemigqa yeNazca nomlando wayo.
Iyini imigqa ye-nazca
Amathafa asogwadule atholakala kulezi zindawo aziwa ngegama lamampama. Atholakala emadolobheni aseNazca nasePalpa futhi aziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuba nezibalo eziningi zolayini ezindaweni ezisehlane. Kusho ukubonakaliswa ngokwezobuchwepheshe abizwa ngama-geoglyphs. Uma sikhuluma ngama-geoglyphs sibhekisa ezibalweni ezakhiwe emathafeni noma emithambekeni.
Le migqa imele izitshalo nezilwane kanye nokunye ukwakheka kwejiyomethrikhi okufana nemiklamo yomoya, ama-trapezoid, onxantathu nama-zigzags, phakathi kokunye. Usayizi wemigqa yeNazca uvame ukuhluka kakhulu. Njengoba ezinye zazo zinkulu kakhulu, azinakuzwakala ngokugcwele uma sizibuka sisemhlabathini. Ogwini lwasePeruvia kuphela Kutholakale izindawo ezingafika kwezingu-40 ezinama-geoglyphs, enezici eziyingqayizivele neziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi lokhu kungenye yezethulo ezibaluleke kakhulu zangaphambi kweSpanishi emlandweni, okwenze abaningi baphenya izici kanye nemvelaphi.
Iqiniso lokuthi izindawo eziningi kangaka ezinama-geoglyphs zikhona libonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kubonakaliswa kobuciko kwakuwumkhuba ovame kakhulu futhi owandile phakathi kwamasiko asendulo ase-Andean, afana namanye ama-geoglyphs emhlabeni jikelele. Imidwebo ye-Nazca Line ilondolozwe kahle ngoba indawo eyakhiwe kuyo yomile kakhulu. Nokho, abanye ochwepheshe bathi lezi geoglyphs ezinye izindlela bezilokhu zigugile ngenxa yokudlula kwabahamba ngezinyawo nezivakashi. Imigqa ibilahlekelwa obunye bobuhle bayo ngenqubo ye-oxidation yomhlaba ogwadule.
Ukutholwa nomlando
Le migqa ivikelwe ngumthetho wasePeru futhi ibhekwa njengeCultural Heritage of Humanity. Lo mbuso wokuvikela okuphezulu ubhekele ukuvimbela ukungena kwabantu kulezi zindawo ngenhloso yokuvikela ukonakala nokuguqulwa kwamafomu. Ngenxa yezifundo ezaqala ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi isiko lamaNazca laqala cishe eminyakeni engama-200 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Ochwepheshe bakwazile ukuvuma ukuthi ngaphakathi kwaleli siko kube nezikhathi ezithile zenguquko ezithonywe ngamanye amasiko. Nakhu ukuthi sehlukanisa kanjani isiko leNazca kula maphuzu amathathu: I-Early Nazca (50-300 AD), Middle Nazca (300-450 AD) kanye neLate Nazca (450-650 AD).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lesi siko landulelwa isiko lamaParacas eminyakeni eyalandela. Ochwepheshe abaye bagxila emizamweni yabo yokutadisha imvelaphi namasiko amaNazca bagomela ngokuthi awawona umphumela wokufuduka besuka kubantu abangomakhelwane. Ukudalwa kwalawa ma-geoglyphs kumelela umvuthwandaba wenqubo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kuso sonke isifunda sase-Andean, efana nokunye ukuthuthuka kwamasiko asendulo. Kulo mongo, isithakazelo kubo siye sakhula kakhulu.
Yonke indawo lapho Ama-geoglyphs anwebeka awugwadule futhi aqondana nogwadule lwe-Atacama. Ingenye yezindawo ezome kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungatholakala ukuthi i-topography yendawo ibonakala ngezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinamathafa abanzi anezakhi ze-sedimentary eziye zafakwa eminyakeni edlule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinolunye uhlobo lwendawo lapho sithola khona izigodi ezinezindawo ezivundile ezisebenza njengama-oase phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezomile.
Ukutholakala kwemigqa yeNazca
Ngenxa yamathambo nezinsalela ezitholakele, ochwepheshe baye banquma ukuthi abantu baseNazca babenempilo enhle kakhulu. Nokho, abaningi babo babulawa ukubola kwamazinyo nesifo sofuba. Nakuba abantu babenempilo enhle kakhulu, isikhathi sokuphila sasifushane kakhulu. Cishe kwakungakaze kube khona abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi siko, amathuna amaningana anezimfanelo ezahlukene kanye nenani leminikelo atholakele. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi isiko lamaNazca linokwehlukana okuqinile komphakathi.
Leli dolobha alizange lakhe noma yiluphi uhlobo lodonga noma isivikelo, ngakho-ke kungatholakala ukuthi akumele kube khona uhlobo lwempi, kodwa ukuthi babehlala ngokuthula. Izindlu zazakhiwe nge-quincha, umhlanga nezinkuni. Ubulula bezakhiwo zayo buphinde bubonise i-.
Ezindaweni lapho imigqa yeNazca ikhona, sinezindawo ezingcwele. Futhi ngawo-1930, abagibeli bezindiza baqala ukuthola lezi zimo ezingaqondakali ezihlanganisa izinja, izinkawu, nama-hummingbirds, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kusuka lapha lapho kwazalwa khona imfihlakalo yemigqa yamaNazca, eye yadonsa ukunaka kwezazi nezivakashi eziningi. Kamuva yaba indawo ekhangayo yezivakashi.
Ama-geoglyphs agcinwe ngenxa yomswakama ophansi ogwadule, okukhiqiza ukuguguleka okuncane kakhulu. Siyazi ukuthi ama-geological agents agcina eseguguleka izindawo umoya namanzi. Kunezivunguvungu zesihlabathi oGwadule lwase-Atacama, kodwa azibanga zimbi. Lezi ziphepho zihlanza futhi zisuse isihlabathi esihlala phezu kwamatshe, zize zenze nama-geoglyphs abonakale nakakhulu.
Ama-geoglyphs okuqala
Ama-geoglyphs okuqala adwetshiwe babonakala ngokuba yimidwebo engokomfanekiso yabantu, izilwane nezinye izidalwa ezingaphezu kwemvelo. Mhlawumbe zonke lezi zibalo zisetshenziswe njengohlobo lwendlela ebambe izindawo ezisenyakatho zihlangene nezindawo eziseningizimu. Endaweni esenyakatho, sekutholwe izinsalela zezindlu ezahlukahlukene ezakhiwe ngenhla kolayini. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi isiko leNazca ngokwalo alizange linikeze ukubaluleka kwale migqa.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemigqa yeNazca nomlando wayo.