Kule planethi, konke okuhambayo kudinga ukuthi kususwe imoto. Lokho kungukuthi, amandla acindezela into ukuthi ihambe, ngoba ibingazenzi yodwa. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngemisinga yolwandle.
Sihlale sizwa ngemisinga yolwandle. Imiphumela yayo, ukubaluleka kwayo, ithonya lesimo sezulu, njll. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi asazi ngempela ukuthi le mifudlana yolwandle yakhiwa kanjani. Injini ehambisa amanzi olwandle yenziwe yi isenzo esihlanganisiwe somoya, amagagasi nobuningi bamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kunyakaza kubanga ukwehluka kwamazinga okushisa ezigaba zamanzi ezindawo ezahlukahlukene futhi kukhiqize nokunyakaza. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngemisinga yolwandle?
Ukubaluleka kwemisinga yolwandle
Le mifudlana yemizimba yamanzi ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ezindaweni lapho kuhamba khona amanzi amaningi, kulapho kuvame ukuba khona nenani lezakhi zomzimba, ngakho-ke, zokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Kuyinto ngenxa ukunyakaza njalo by lokho amanzi olwandle ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke agcine izici zawo ezigidini zeminyaka.
Amagagasi olwandle awahambisi kuphela izakhamzimba, kodwa futhi ahamba amabanga amade athwala amandla okushisa. Lokhu kusiza uku ukwabiwa kwamazinga okushisa, usawoti kanye nezinto eziphilayo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Ezilwaneni eziningi ezihlala olwandle, imisinga yolwandle ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthutheni imisoco, ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa nohambo olude. Zibalulekile futhi ku- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yasolwandle. Eqinisweni, ihlobene eduze nempilo ye-ecosystem.
Okunye okubalulekile abanakho kuyo yonke iplanethi ukuthi banethonya elikhulu esimweni sezulu. Imisinga yasolwandle ikhiqiza imvula, izimo zezulu ezifana ne- I-El Niño nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemisinga yolwandle, ukukhiqiza kwamanzi kuyanda. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lobu budlelwano, ungabuyekeza isihloko esithi umehluko phakathi kwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Yakhiwa kanjani imisinga yolwandle
Njengoba sike saphawula phambilini, imisinga yasolwandle ukunyakaza kwamanzi okwenzeka ngaphakathi kolwandle futhi kudalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana nomoya, ushintsho kusawoti nasekushiseni. Le misinga yolwandle ingajula futhi ijule ngenxa yezinguquko ekucineni kwamanzi.
Imisinga yasolwandle ekha phezulu ingenxa yesenzo somoya. Umoya uhamba ubheke kulezo zindawo lapho kunenani eliphansi lengcindezi yasemkhathini. Ngakho-ke, uma umoya ususa imisinga yolwandle, lokhu kuzophinde kuthuthele ezindaweni lapho kunengcindezi encane.
Imisinga yolwandle ejulile iyadingeka ekushintsheni kwamazinga okushisa, usawoti kanye nobuningi. Amanzi aminyene kakhulu avame ukwehla aze afike phansi olwandle. Ukuminyana kwamanzi kuncike ezingeni likasawoti kanye nezinga lokushisa. Amanzi abandayo aminyene futhi ashona phansi olwandle, akhiphe amanzi afudumele adlulele phezulu. Lokhu kuhamba kwezindimbane zamanzi kudala imisinga yolwandle. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lezi zici, ungabheka isihloko esithi impilo yasolwandle kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokunjalo, amanzi anosawoti omningi aminyene futhi azovame ukwehla, asuse amanzi amancane aminyene phezulu, akhiqize ukunyakaza kwamanzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lawa ma-dynamics, ungabheka isihloko esithi i-Ekman spiral, ehlola ukuguquguquka kokunyakaza kwamanje.
Imisinga yamanzi angaphezulu
Le misinga yamanzi angaphezulu ithonywa yi ukwabiwa kwamazwekazi kanye nokujikeleza komhlaba. Inani lemisebe yelanga ewela emanzini nokwabiwa kabusha kokushisa nakho kuthonya izici zale misinga.
ENyakatho Nenkabazwe zinyakaza ngokuyindilinga ngokwewashi. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe zinyakaza ngokuyindilinga ngokuphambene newashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwemisoco emanzini kuncike emanzini olwandle. Imimoya yohwebo evunguza ngasentshonalanga igudluza le misinga iye kuleyo ndlela, ivumela amanzi abandayo, ajulile anenani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ukuthi akhuphuke. Lezi zindawo zakha ama-Outcrops. Ziyizindawo ezinothe kakhulu ngokudoba; Ezibaluleke kakhulu zitholakala ogwini lwasePeru naseCalifornia, eMelika, nasogwini lwaseSahara, eKalahari naseNamibia, e-Afrika. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesihloko semisinga yolwandlekazi lwezwekazi, ungavakashela isihloko esithi imisinga yasolwandle yamazwekazi, ehlinzeka ngolwazi oluhlobene kakhulu ngokubaluleka kwalezi zindawo eziphumayo.
Imisinga ejulile
Imisinga ejulile idalwa ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa nosawoti. Zibizwa ngemisinga ye-thermohaline. Imvamisa zithintwa isimo sendawo yolwandle kanye nokuzungeza komhlaba.
Ibhande elibizwa ngokuthi i-oceanic conveyor belt lenzeka eNyakatho ye-Atlantic futhi likhiqiza umsinga wamanzi abandayo nosawoti kakhulu, umsinga wase-Arctic. Icwila ngokunyakaza kakhulu eningizimu. Uma usudlulile i-equator, udlula ebangeni laseningizimu, umsinga wamanzi uyakhuphuka njengoba usunduzwa ngomunye wamanzi abandayo. Okwamanje okushayayo kungamandla e-Antarctic. Ukuhamba kwale misinga kuhamba kancane kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-40 cm / s futhi kungaba nokuqondiswa okuphambene nemisinga yomhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le misinga iyithinta kanjani impilo yemvelo yasolwandle.
Njengoba imisinga ejulile ikhuphuka, ukukhuphuka kwenzeka, lapho kungatholakala khona isivuno esihle sokudoba. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi le misinga isithinta kanjani isimo sezulu, ungabheka isihloko esithi i-Gulf Stream, ehlola ukubaluleka kwayo esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wayo ekukhiqizweni kwezilwane zasolwandle.
Imisinga yolwandle
Le mifudlana yenziwa ukunyakaza kwamanzi okudalwe ngokuheha kwenyanga eMhlabeni namandla adonsela phansi. Lapho i-tide ikhuphuka noma iwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kudala imisinga. Le misinga ihamba kancane futhi ayinawo umthelela omncane ekuguquguqukeni kolwandle. Nokho, ukuyiqonda kuyisihluthulelo sokufunda kwe ukuziphatha kolwandle.
Izibonelo zemisinga yolwandle
Kuyo yonke iplanethi kunemisinga yolwandle evelele ngokubaluleka kwayo.
I-Antarctic Circumpolar yamanje
I-Antarctic Circumpolar Current iwumsinga wasolwandle obandayo ogeleza ngokukhululeka usuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga uzungeze i-Antarctica, ngendlela efanayo nokuhamba kokujikeleza komhlaba. Lokhu kunjalo ngoba lokhu kwamanje ayitholi izwekazi kulo lonke umzila walo ophazamisa ukujikeleza kwalo.
Umfudlana wegebe
I-Gulf Stream inobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-80 kuya ku-150 km nokujula phakathi kuka-800 no-1200 m. Isivinini esiphezulu siseduze nendawo futhi sehla ngokujula. Isivinini esiphezulu esifinyelelwa yimanje ngu-2m/s.
ICalifornia yamanje
Kungamanzi abandayo olwandle avela ePacific agelezela ngaseningizimu ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, avale ukujikeleza kwamanzi phakathi kuka-48 ° no-23 ° North latitude. Kungenxa yokwanda kwamanzi abandayo avela ekujuleni kolwandle, kubangelwe ukuphambukiselwa eningizimu yeNyakatho yePacific yamanje.
Ngalolu lwazi, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokubaluleka kwemisinga yasolwandle esimweni sezulu sethu kanye nendlela eyakha ngayo. Lezi zinguquko zibalulekile ekuqondeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nomthelela wazo ezokuthutha zasolwandle kuma-ecosystems.
