Asivamile ukucabanga ngakho, ngoba abantu abaningi bayakujabulela ukungena indiza ukuvakashela amazwe angaphandle kanye/noma ukuvakashela izihlobo zabo. Kuyindlela yezokuthutha esivumela ukuba sihambe amabanga amade ngamahora ambalwa nje, okuyenza ibe ngenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi ukundiza ilimaza kakhulu iplanethi yethu. Asibone indiza iyithinta kanjani imvelo.
Isibhakabhaka, yize singabonakala sinjalo, asikaze sicace, hhayi ngokuphelele. Njalo ngeminithi kukhona abaseduze Izindiza eziyi-11.000 emoyeni ndawondawo emhlabeni. Ubufakazi balokhu isithombe esingenhla, sithathwe kuwebhu IVirtuel Radar. Kunamakhulu amabhanoyi kule ngxenye yeYurophu kuphela, futhi lelo inani elandayo njengoba nenani labantu landa.
Nokho, kuyindlela yokuthutha leyo ungcolisa, futhi okuningi. Umkhakha wezokundiza unomthwalo wemfanelo mayelana Amaphesenti ama-2,5% wokukhishwa kwesikhutha emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa izindiza ziphinde zikhiphe isibabule, intuthu, umhwamuko wamanzi ne-nitrogen oxide, yona eyenza i-tropospheric ozone (akufanele ididaniswe ne-ozone eyi-stratospheric, ungqimba lwalo oluvikela emisebeni yelanga), eyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Njengoba kushiwo, i- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Kuyinkinga ehambisana nalokhu kukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwezindiza kuxhumene nokwanda kwezisi ezingcolisa umoya ngokujwayelekile, njengoba ungafunda esigabeni sethu esithi. ukuxhasa ngezimali ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ingabe kukhona okungenziwa ukubenza bangangcolisi kakhulu? Yebo kunjalo: sebenzisa izitimela lapho kungenzeka khona. Bangcolisa kancane kakhulu futhi, yize kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufika lapho uya khona, kungasebenza njengezaba zokukhuluma nabangane noma nomndeni abahamba nathi. Kepha intela emelene nomphumela wokushisa okushisayo ingafakwa nasezinkampanini zezindiza, ngoba ngokwesibonelo eJalimane bathola uxhaso lwama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi ngonyaka ngokusho kweFederal Environment Agency.
Ukube le mixhaso ibingasuswa futhi kufakwe intela yokuqeda izindleko zemvelo ezibangelwe yilezi zithuthi, nakanjani bekungangcola kancane.
Umthelela wendiza ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu
Izindiza seziphenduke insika ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, kodwa umthelela wazo ongemuhle kwezemvelo mkhulu. Ngokusho kwe Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezokundiza (ICAO), kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwezindiza kuzofaka ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke i-CO₂ emissions ehlobene nezokuthutha ngo-2050. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukukhula kwezimoto zezindiza, eziqhubeka zanda unyaka nonyaka. Ukukhula okunjalo kuyethusa futhi kuxhumene nokuqagela kwe- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
I-Aviation ingenye yabanegalelo elikhulu kulokhu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ebangela u-2.5% wokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wemvelo wendiza udlulela ngalé kwe-CO₂, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxides (NOx), umhwamuko wamanzi, nokunye ukungcola okuthinta ikhwalithi yomoya futhi okunomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono, ake sivakashele isigaba mayelana nezimo ezihambisanayo.
Ukukhishwa kwezindiza
Ukukhishwa kwe amagesi abamba ukushisa zezindiza ziyethusa. Ngo-2019, umkhakha wezindiza wakhiqiza cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-915 we-CO₂ emhlabeni jikelele, okumelela cishe u-2.1% wesamba esikhishwa minyaka yonke esikhishwa abantu. Indiza exhumayo phakathi kweLondon neNew York, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqiza nxazonke 986 kilograms of carbon dioxide umgibeli ngamunye.
Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nakho kuvumele okukhulu ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Ngokwesibonelo, izindiza zesimanje zisebenzisa amalitha kaphethiloli angaphansi kwamalitha angu-3 kubagibeli abayikhulu ngekhilomitha, okwenza amandla azo asebenza kahle aqhathanise nezimoto eziningi zesimanje. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukucindezeleka umthelela wemvelo wezindiza futhi ihlobene nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe obusha obungase buguqule umkhakha, njengoba sixoxile kokuthi .
Imithelela kwezempilo kanye nemvelo
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yazo esimweni sezulu, ukukhishwa kwezindiza kuthinta izinga lomoya wendawo. Abantu abahlala eduze nezikhumulo zezindiza bachayeka emazingeni aphezulu okungcola, okungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zempilo, okuhlanganisa izifo zokuphefumula kanye nenhliziyo. Lesi simo siyakhathaza futhi sixhumene ne umthelela jikelele kwezemvelo. Njengoba sicubungula imithelela yezindiza, kubalulekile futhi ukubhekana nokuthi lezi zimo ezikhishwayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuhlangana kanjani nezinye izindaba zemvelo.
Izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezikhishwa izindiza azithinti kuphela labo abahlala eduze nezikhumulo zezindiza, kodwa futhi zingaba nemiphumela emibi emvelweni ngokujwayelekile. Ukungcoliswa komsindo kungenye inkinga ebalulekile ehambisana nokundiza, ethinta izinga lempilo yabantu nezilwane zasendle ezihlala eduze kwalezi zindawo. Amasu okunciphisa lo msindo abalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo yomphakathi.
La I-European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) ushicilele imibiko ehlola umthelela womkhakha kwezemvelo futhi uncome uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokunciphisa lokhu kukhishelwa kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wazo. Amasu ahlanganisa ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwemikhumbi yezindiza, ukusetshenziswa kwe Olunye uphethiloli kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza. Ngalo mqondo, cwaninga ku amafu okwenziwa futhi umthelela wako kwezokundiza ungaba mkhulu.
Ezinye izindlela nezisombululo zendiza esimeme kakhudlwana
Kuphakanyiswe ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa zokunciphisa izinga le-carbon footprint yendiza. Enye yezinto ezithembisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe I-Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), okunganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezibaseli ezivamile. Lokhu okusha kuyisihluthulelo sekusasa elihlanzekile kwezokundiza futhi kuhambisana nezitayela zamanje eziya kubuchwepheshe obuzinzile, njengoba kuxoxiwe ku-.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengama-motor kagesi nama-hybrid angaphansi kocwaningo oluqhubekayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okwenza izinguquko kwezokundiza ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Nokho, zidinga isikhathi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kusetshenziswe.
Iqhaza lohulumeni nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi
Ohulumeni baneqhaza elibalulekile okufanele balibambe ekukhuthazeni izindlela ezisimeme kwezokundiza. Ukuqaliswa kwe izintela zekhabhoni, kanye nokuqedwa koxhaso lwezindiza, kungase kukhuthaze izinkampani zezindiza ukuba zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile nobusebenza kahle kakhudlwana. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umthelela omuhle ku- imvelo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esithinta yonke iplanethi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinye izinto zokubasa, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokushayela izindiza, ukuze izindiza zinganciki kakhulu kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nesisi esihlobene nawo. Imizamo ehlobene ne intela yelanga khombisa ukuthambekela kwezinqubomgomo ezizinzile.
Izenzo zomuntu ngamunye ukuze andize ngokuqhubekayo
Njengabahambi, singakwazi futhi ukwenza izinqumo ezifaka isandla ekusimameni kwezindiza. Amanye amathiphu ahlanganisa:
- Khetha izindiza eziqondile. Ukusuka nokuhlalisa kudla uphethiloli omningi, ngakho ukukhetha izindiza ezingami kungase kube inketho eqhubekayo.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Offset CO₂. Izinkampani zezindiza eziningi zinikeza inketho yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwendiza yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukufaka isandla kumaphrojekthi asiza ukunciphisa ikhabhoni endaweni.
- Gwema umthwalo oweqile. Ikhilo ngalinye elengeziwe liyakwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ngakho ukukhanya okupakisha akwenzi nje ukuhamba kube lula, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.
- Khetha izindiza ezizinzile. Cwaninga futhi ukhethe izinkampani ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile futhi ezizinikele ekusimameni.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izindiza zibhekana nezinselele ezibalulekile ebudlelwaneni bawo nemvelo. Isenzo esihlanganyelwe ngohulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nezakhamuzi kungaholela ekudalweni kwekusasa elizinzile lapho izinzuzo zezindiza zingajatshulelwa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo yeplanethi yethu.
Ukushintshela ezinkambisweni ezisimeme kakhulu ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa konke okuncane kuyasiza. Ngokuhlala sinolwazi futhi senza izinqumo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, singaba neqhaza ohlelweni lwezindiza oluhlonipha kokubili abantu nendawo ezungezile.
Nakuba ukuhamba ngendiza kusengenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuhamba amabanga amade, kubalulekile ukwenza umzamo ohlangene wokunciphisa umthelela wako. Isihluthulelo sihlala siqhubekela phambili ezisombululweni ezintsha kanye nokwamukela imikhuba ethembekile njengabahambi.
