Ungqimba lwe-ozone lungenye yezithiyo zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Kuyasivikela ku- imisebe ye-ultraviolet, okuvumela ukuba khona kokuphila njengoba sikwazi. Kodwa-ke, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ibhalansi yayo ishintshile ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu, okuholela ekwakhekeni 'kwembobo ye-ozone' esabekayo.
Lesi sihloko sibheka ngokujulile indlela ungqimba lwe-ozone olwakheka ngayo, izindlela ezilawula ukulinganisela kwalo, nezici ezibangela ukuwohloka kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlaziya izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze ilulame nokuthi zingalithonya kanjani ikusasa leplanethi yethu.
Luyini ungqimba lwe-ozone?
Ungqimba lwe-ozone luyisifunda se-stratosphere, etholakala cishe phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 nama-50 ngaphezu komhlaba. Kulesi sifunda, i- Ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi iyona kanye le gesi esebenza njenge isivikelo ngokumelene nemisebe ye-ultraviolet yeLanga.
I-Ozone (O3) i-molecule eyakhiwe ama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo, futhi yakheka lapho imisebe ye-ultraviolet ishaya amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo (O2), ehlukanisa ama-athomu futhi ivumele amanye awo ukuthi ahlangane namanye ama-athomu omoya-mpilo, akhiqize i-ozone.
Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-ozone ye-stratospheric
Indlela elawula ukwakheka nokucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone ku-stratosphere yaziwa ngokuthi Umjikelezo we-Chapman, eqanjwe ngesazi sesayensi yemvelo uSydney Chapman, esachaza lenqubo ngo-1930. Ukwakheka kwe-ozone kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Photodissociation ye-oxygen yamangqamuzana: Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet enobude begagasi obufushane kuno-240 nm ithinta amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo (O2), bephula izibopho zabo futhi bakhe ama-athomu omoya-mpilo ngamanye.
- Ukusabela nge-oxygen yamangqamuzana: Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo wamahhala asabela ngokushesha namanye ama-molecule omoya-mpilo (O2), ikhiqiza i-ozone (O3).
- Ukumuncwa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet: I-ozone eyakhiwe imunca ingxenye enkulu yemisebe ye-ultraviolet, iyenze iphinde ibole ibe umoya-mpilo wamangqamuzana nomoya-mpilo we-athomu, iphinda lo mjikelezo.
Le nqubo igcina a ukulingana okuguquguqukayo ekugxilweni kwe-ozone ku-stratosphere, okuvumela ukuvuselelwa kwayo njalo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono kwebhalansi nezinsongo ebhekene nazo, kuyancomeka ukuthi uthintane nolwazi oluku ungqimba lwe-ozone.
Ukusatshalaliswa kongqimba lwe-ozone emhlabeni
Ukwakheka kwe-ozone kunamandla kakhulu ezishisayo, lapho izinga lemisebe ye-ultraviolet liphezulu. Nokho, ngenxa yamaphethini okujikeleza komkhathi, i-ozone ithuthwa iye ezindaweni eziphakeme, igxile ezifundeni eziseduze nezigxobo.
Phakathi nezinkathi ezibandayo, ikakhulukazi e-Antarctica, kubonakala ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo kongqimba lwe-ozone, okwenza kube nokwanda okwaziwayo. imbobo ye-ozone. Ukuze ujule kulesi simo, ungafunda nge imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone.
Imbobo ye-ozone nomthelela wayo
Umgodi we-ozone awuwona umgodi ongokoqobo, kodwa a isifunda lapho amazinga e-ozone ehla kakhulu. Lesi simo satholwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-70 futhi saqina phakathi nawo-80, ikakhulukazi sithinta i-Antarctica.
Izinto eziqeda i-ozone (i-ODS), njengama-chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), yizona ezibhekene nale nqubo.. Lezi zinto, ezikhishwa yiziqandisi, ama-aerosols nezinyibilikisi, kancane zikhuphukela ku-stratosphere, lapho Abola emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, ekhulula ama-athomu e-chlorine ezibhubhisa ama-molecule e-ozone. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukucekelwa phansi kwale ngxenye ebalulekile, ungabheka isihloko esithi ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Imiphumela yokuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone
- Ukwenyuka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet: Ngaphandle kongqimba lwe-ozone, imisebe ye-UV eyengeziwe ifinyelela ebusweni boMhlaba, okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba kanye nezifo zamehlo ezinjengama-cataract.
- Umthelela kuma-ecosystems: Imisebe ye-UV ithinta i-phytoplankton yasolwandle, isisekelo sochungechunge lokudla lwasolwandle.
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu: Izinguquko kuzinga lokushisa kwe-stratospheric zingathonya isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kanye namaphethini womkhathi.
Imiphumela emibi yokuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone iyethusa futhi ihlobene nezindaba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kokuxhumana phakathi kongqimba lwe-ozone nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kufanelekile ukubuyekeza isihloko esithi Ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuwuthinta kanjani ungqimba lwe-ozone.
Izenzo zokubuyiselwa kongqimba lwe-ozone
Uyayazi inkinga, Ngo-1987 kwasayinwa i-Montreal Protocol, isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqeda i-ozone. Ngenxa yalo mzamo womhlaba wonke, amazinga e-ozone aseqalile ukusimama, futhi ungqimba lwe-ozone kulindeleke ukuthi lubuyele emazingeni angaphambi kwezimboni maphakathi nekhulu lama-21. Kunconywa ukuthi ubuyekeze inqubekelaphambili ku- ukuvuselelwa kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Singaba kanjani nesandla ekuvikelweni kongqimba lwe-ozone?
Nakuba i-Montreal Protocol ibe yimpumelelo, umuntu ngamunye angaba neqhaza ekulondolozeni ungqimba lwe-ozone ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezilula:
- Gwema imikhiqizo enama-CFC: Khetha ama-aerosols nama-coolants anobungani bemvelo.
- Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ukukhiqiza ugesi ngezinto ezimbiwa phansi kukhipha amagesi athinta umkhathi.
- Nyusa ezinye izindlela ezisimeme: Sekela izinhlelo ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo.
Ungqimba lwe-ozone luyisihlangu esibalulekile empilweni yasemhlabeni. Okwakhe ukwakheka kuyinqubo yemvelo okuncike ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwemisebe yelanga nomoya-mpilo ku-stratosphere. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yabantu ithinte ibhalansi yayo, okwenza ukushuba kwayo kunciphe kwezinye izifunda futhi kubeke obala ubuntu nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingozini ezinkulu. Ngenhlanhla, izinyathelo zomhlaba jikelele, njenge-Montreal Protocol, zisize ukumisa ukuwohloka nokuqala ukululama. Ukuqhubeka nokuvikela ungqimba lwe-ozone kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe ukuqinisekisa ikusasa eliphephile lezizukulwane ezizayo.
