Amanani ahlukahlukene emisebe eza emhlabeni wethu evela elangeni. Enye yale misebe yi-ultraviolet. Yena Inkomba ye-ultraviolet Kuyindlela yokuqina kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet ekwaziyo ukufinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba. Siyazi ukuthi ilanga likhipha imisebe ebangeni elibanzi le-spectrum kagesi. Ngokukhethekile, ikhipha inani elikhulu lemisebe endaweni ye-ultraviolet. Le radiation ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuyadingeka, kodwa futhi iyingozi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka kwenkomba ye-ultraviolet.
Izici eziyinhloko
Sishilo ukuthi inkomba ye-ultraviolet imane nje iyisilinganiso samandla emisebe ye-ultraviolet ekwaziyo ukufinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba. Yonke imisebe ekhishwa yilanga ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zohlu lwe-electromagnetic. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu kuye ngamandla ayo. Imisebe enamandla kakhulu ye-ultraviolet yaziwa njenge-UVC futhi isebenza kuma-wavelengths asukela ku-100-280 nm. Ububanzi bemisebe ye-UVB busuka ku-280-315 nm. Ekugcineni, imisebe ye-UVA iyingozi encane, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, futhi iqukethe izindawo ze-electromagnetic spectrum ezisukela ku-315-400 nm.
Ingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yemisebe ye-ultraviolet yimisebe ye-UVC. Le radiation, ngenhlanhla, ayifiki ebusweni bomhlaba njengoba imuncwa umoya wethu. Ngokuyinhloko, ingxenye enkulu yale misebe ifakwa ungqimba lwe-ozone. Noma kunjalo, Imisebe ye-UVB ifakwa emkhathini ngama-90% cishe. Yize ama-UVA nawo amuncwa ngesilinganiso esincane, ingxenye yawo ifinyelela ebusweni bethu.
Siyazi ukuthi imisebe yelanga iyadingeka ekukhuleni kwempilo njengoba siyazi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni yenzeka ngenxa yesenzo semisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi abantu badinga ukuvezwa yilanga ukuze bahlanganise uvithamini D esikhunjeni. Ukushoda kwale vithamini emzimbeni kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwamaminerali amathambo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukushisa ilanga nsuku zonke okungenani isigamu sehora. Kodwa-ke, uma sinokuchayeka ngokweqile ekubukekeni kwale misebe ye-ultraviolet kungaba yingozi empilweni. Futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingadala umonakalo ku-collagen yesikhumba ngakho-ke yandisa ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukulimala Kwe-UV Index
Inkomba ye-delta violet ikala ubude begagasi kanye nenani namandla emisebe ye-ultraviolet ekwazi ukufinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingabangela ukulimala kwe-DNA nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Kunobufakazi obuningi bocwaningo obukhombisa ukuthi ingandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kungabangela nezinkinga zamehlo ezingathi sína njenge-cataract. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhumba kanti ezinye zisengozini kakhulu kunezinye. Ukuzwela kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet yesikhumba kuncike kulokho okwaziwa njenge-phototype. I-phototype inesibopho sokulinganisa ikhono lesikhumba lokumunca imisebe yelanga. Okungukuthi, ikhono lesikhumba lokukhiqiza i-melanin. Inkomba ye-violet kumele yaziwe kahle ngokwazi ukuvikelwa okufanele sikusebenzise esikhumbeni ngemisebe yelanga ngokusho kobuzwe esinabo. Abantu abanamakhanda abomvu noma ama-blonde bazwela kakhulu kunama-brunette.
Inkomba ebizwa nge-ultraviolet inesibopho sokukala ukuqina kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet efinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba ebangeni ngalinye lesisindo elinesisindo salo esiyingozi kubantu. Le nkomba yethulwa ososayensi be-Environment Canada ngo-1992. Ukusuka lapho, amazwe amaningana wethula izinkomba zawo kuze kube i-WHO yethule inkomba ejwayelekile yomhlaba.
Amanani we-UV Index
Inkomba ye-UV inenani elincane lemfundiso eyi-0 futhi ayinalo inani eliphakeme. Inkomba ejwayelekile iyona esivumela ukuthi senze izibikezelo ezahlukahlukene ze-UVI eqhathaniseka emhlabeni jikelele. Imibala esetshenziselwa ukumela i-vane yokuqala iluhlaza ngamanani aphansi we-UVI phakathi kuka-0 no-2, ophuzi ngamanani alinganiselwe e-UVI phakathi kuka-3 no-5, owolintshi onobungozi obukhulu phakathi kuka-6 no-7 futhi kubomvu ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu e-UVI aphakathi kuka-8 no-10. Ekugcineni, futhi umbala onsomi utholakalela amanani we-UVI eyeqile ngamanani amakhulu kuno-11.
Ngokuya ngenani le-UVI futhi ngokuya ngohlobo lwesikhumba lomuntu ngamunye, ubudala, njll. Kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezanele ukuvikela imisebe ye-ultraviolet. I-UVI incike ezintweni ezimbalwa futhi ingashintsha unyaka wonke. Isibonelo, kuya ngenani le-ozone in ikholomu yomkhathi, ukuphakama kwelanga, ukuphakama kwendawo esikuyo nobumnyama khona ngaleso sikhathi. Akufani nokuba sesilinganisweni solwandle kunasesiqongweni sentaba. Inani lemisebe yelanga elizothinta isikhumba sethu liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kungokufanayo nangongqimba lwe-ozone. Umgodi we-ozone owesabekayo ubangelwe ukuncipha kokuhlushwa kwe-ozone ebushelelezi futhi manje isibalo esiphezulu semisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ebusweni bethu.
Izindlela zokunciphisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet
Sizonikeza ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukuzivikela ekusebenzeni kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet esikhunjeni sethu:
- Nciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngezikhathi ezinamandla zosuku. Lawa ngamahora aphakathi nendawo lapho inani lemisebe ye-ultraviolet yelanga likhulu kakhulu.
- Hamba emthunzini ngezikhathi ezimaphakathi zosuku. Njengoba kufanele sigweme ukuzibeka elangeni lamahora aphakathi nendawo, uma singenayo enye indlela kufanele siye emthunzini.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela
- Gqoka isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi ukuvikela amehlo akho, ubuso nentamo.
- Vikela amehlo ethu ngezibuko zelanga
- Sebenzisa ukhilimu wokuvikela ilanga obanzi.
- Gwema imibhede yokushuka
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nenkomba ye-UV nokubaluleka kwayo.