Lapho ekhuluma inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya eSwitzerlandAbantu abaningi bacabanga ngezintaba ezihlanzekile kanye nesibhakabhaka esicwebile njalo, kodwa iqiniso licacile kakhulu. ISwitzerland ngokuvamile ijabulela ikhwalithi yomoya enhle impela, yize ezigodini zasemadolobheni, ezindaweni ezinezimoto eziningi, nangezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, kungaba nezigameko zokungcola okufanele ziqashelwe, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ufuna nje ukunakekela impilo yakho ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inethiwekhi eningi kakhulu yezinzwa zekhwalithi yomoya Iqhutshwa yizinhlangano ezisemthethweni kanye namaphrojekthi esayensi yezakhamuzi, le nethiwekhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi uphefumula ini ezindaweni ezithile, njengomgwaqo, indawo, noma ngisho nedolobhana elincane lase-Alps. Ngezansi uzobona ukuthi le nethiwekhi ihlelwe kanjani, ukuthi hlobo luni lwamaphrojekthi ahlanganyelayo, nokuthi umoya ophefumulayo ulinganiswa kuziphi izindawo eSwitzerland.
Iyini inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya eSwitzerland futhi ikalwa kanjani?
Inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya (i-IQAir, i-AQI noma ezinye izinhlobo zikazwelonke) ihumusha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kube yi- inani lezinombolo eliqondakala kalulaIkhwalithi yomoya ivame ukulinganiswa esikalini lapho inani liphezulu, ikhwalithi yomoya iba yimbi kakhulu. ESwitzerland, ngaphezu kweziteshi zokuqapha ezisemthethweni, kunezinzwa eziningi zezinhlayiya ezincane (PM2.5, PM10) ezisatshalaliswa kulo lonke izwe, eziningi zazo zixhunywe kumanethiwekhi avulekile.
Ingxenye enkulu yalezi zilinganiso ivela izinhlelo zesayensi yezakhamuzi ezifana ne-sensor.communityefaka izinzwa ezishibhile kuma-balcony, ophahleni, nasezikhungweni zasendaweni. Amanye amaphuzu angokwamanethiwekhi asethuthukile, njenge Inethiwekhi yokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya yesikhathi sangempela yeGaia, Inzwa Evulekileamapulatifomu azimele afana nalawa I-AirNet – aiqcn.org – waqi.info noma amaphrojekthi athile afana nalawa I-Meteo Lausanne y I-NetrunnerYonke le mithombo, uma ihlanganisiwe, isiza ekwakheni isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi ngesimo somoya eSwitzerland.
Lezi zinhlelo ziqoqa amapharamitha anjenge izinto ezincane, ama-nitrogen oxide, i-tropospheric ozone kanye, ngezinga elincane, ama-volatile organic compoundsIzinzwa zitholakala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezintabeni, okuvumela ukuqhathaniswa kokungcola okuphefumulayo emadolobheni afana neZurich, iGeneva noma iLausanne nokwasemadolobheni amancane afana ne-Eggiwil, iChandolin noma iCademario.
Inzwa yenethiwekhi yezakhamizi. umphakathi kanye namaphuzu okulinganisa eSwitzerland
Inethiwekhi umphakathi wenzwa (eyayaziwa ngokuthi iLuftdaten) ingenye yezinsika zokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya eSwitzerland. Kuyiphrojekthi evulekile lapho noma ubani angasetha khona inzwa yakhe futhi ayixhume kwi-inthanethi, ukuze idatha ilayishwe kumamephu omphakathi. Uhlu olubonile lubonisa izindawo eziningi zaseSwitzerland eziyingxenye yale nethiwekhi esatshalaliswe.
Isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Aargau, ikhwalithi yomoya iqashelwa e- I-Aabachstrasse (Seon, Bezirk Lenzburg)lapho kukhona inzwa endaweni ye-Industrie Oholten. Kukhona nezilinganiso ku I-Auensteinerstrasse (Biberstein, Bezirk Aarau)e I-Büntenweg (Staufen, Bezirk Lenzburg), kanye naku I-Birchraistrasse (Mägenwil, Bezirk Baden)Enyakatho esenyakatho, e I-Gnadenthal (uNiederwil, uBezirk Bremgarten) Idatha eyengeziwe iyaqoqwa, futhi umgwaqo I-Kirchfeldstrasse, Neuenhof, Bezirk Baden Kunezela elinye iphuzu elibalulekile lokubhekisela kulesi sifunda.
Uma sithuthela esifundeni saseZurich, ukuba khona kwezinzwa kukhulu kakhulu, kanye nedatha ngaphakathi I-Distelweg (Altstetten, Kreis 9, Zurich)e I-Eichenweg (Embrach, Bezirk Bülach) futhi ku I-Füchslistrasse (Bülach, Bezirk Bülach)lapho amarekhodi ephinde agcwaliswe yiphuzu le- I-Gussstrasse (naseBülach)Izilinganiso ziqoshwa endaweni yaseLake Zurich. I-Forchstrasse (Erlenbach, Bezirk Meilen) futhi ku I-Bergstrasse (Klausen, Horgen, Bezirk Horgen)Lokhu kubonisa indlela ukuqapha okudlulela ngayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwechibi.
Kunezindawo eziningana eziphawulekayo esifundeni sasePfäffikon (eSifundazweni saseZurich): Geenstrasse en Pfäffikon, In Reben en Lindau kanye nenzwa etholakala ku I-Hausackerstrasse (Wiesendangen, Bezirk Winterthur)Ukuhlushwa kwamaphuzu eWinterthur nakho kuyamangaza, ngezilinganiso ku I-Eisweiherstrasse (Mattenbach, Winterthur) futhi ku I-Kirchackerstrasse (iGanzenbühl, iSeen, iWinterthur), okusiza ekuhlaziyeni indlela izinhlayiya eziziphatha ngayo ezindaweni zokuhlala zaleli dolobha.
Indawo yaseBern nayo imbozwe kahle yisayensi yezakhamuzi. Imininingwane iqoqwa ku I-Bäckereiweg (Neufeld, Stadtteil II, Bern)e I-Länggasse (Alpeneggstrasse, Stadtteil II, Bern) kanye nase-Holligen, lapho i-node iqala khona ukusebenza I-Humanoids beBox (i-Murtenstrasse, i-Holligen, i-Stadtteil III, i-Bern), exhunywe kuphrojekthi ye-Open Sense. Endaweni yasemakhaya yaseBern, izilinganiso zengezwa ku I-Heidbühl (Eggiwil, isifunda sase-Emmental) futhi ku I-Landgarbenstrasse (Zollikofen, isifunda saseBern-Mittelland)ukuze umoya wasemadolobheni nomoya wesigodi sezolimo uqhathaniswe.
Ukulinganisa emadolobheni nasezifundeni ezibalulekile: iBasel, iLausanne, iGeneva nezindawo ezizungezile
Ngaphezu kwamadolobhana amancane, inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya eSwitzerland ithonywa yi izinzwa ezitholakala ezindaweni eziyinhloko zasemadolobhenilapho ingcindezi yethrafikhi, izimboni, kanye nokuminyana kwabantu kunganciphisa ikhwalithi yomoya. EBasel kanye nendawo yayo yedolobha, sithola ukufundwa okumangalisayo, kokubili edolobheni kanye nasesifundazweni esiseduze saseBasel-Landschaft.
Edolobheni laseBasel, umgwaqo Leonhardsgraben (Vorstädte, Grossbasel) Inesensa okungenani eyodwa yomphakathi, ehambisana nedivayisi eyengeziwe, enikeza umbono oningiliziwe wokungcola engxenyeni yomlando yedolobha. Idatha ilinganiswa endaweni eseduze. UFreidorf (Muttenz, Bezirk Arlesheim, Basel-Landschaft) futhi ku UBlauen (Emmenrainweg, Bezirk Laufen), ngaphezu kwalokho UHinderdorf (Arboldswil, Bezirk Waldenburg), zonke zitholakala ebhandeni eliseduze nedolobha laseBasel futhi ziwusizo ekuboneni ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlakazeka kanjani ngaphandle kwendawo yedolobha.
ESwitzerland ekhuluma isiFulentshi, indawo yedolobha laseLausanne-Morges inenethiwekhi ebanzi yezinzwa zezakhamuzi. Kunemishini eSwitzerland. I-Avenue de Marcelin (Morges, District de Morges)enekhodi engu-76445, kanye nenye eseduze enekhodi engu-73327 nayo exhunywe ku-sensor.community. Ngasenkabeni yeLausanne, umoya uqoshwa ku- I-Avenue de la Dent-d'Oche (Plateforme 10, District de Lausanne), kanye naku I-Rue du Valentin (Meteo Lausanne)lapho le phrojekthi ethile ihlanganisa khona ikhwalithi yomoya nedatha yesimo sezulu sendawo. Futhi eduze kukhona I-Chemin de la Cocarde (Ecublens, District de l'Ouest lausanne), ngezinzwa ezimbili ezahlukene (amakhodi 94286 kanye no-62381) ezisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukumbozwa komasipala abangomakhelwane.
Ezinye izindawo ezithakazelisayo ogwini lweLake Geneva zifaka phakathi I-Chemin de Gotta-d'Or (Lutry, District de Lavaux-Oron) y I-Chemin de Paudille (Le Mont-Pèlerin, Chardonne, District de la Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut)lapho ama-node amaningana omphakathi aqoqa khona idatha ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene ngaphezu kwechibi. Entshonalanga engaphambili, kakade eGeneva, indawo yokulinganisa itholakala ku- I-Chemin du 23-Août (Bâtiment CODHA, Jonction district, Geneva), isikhundla esibalulekile sokufunda umoya endaweni ematasa futhi enabantu abaningi.
Kukhona futhi izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile ku-Ticino. Sithola inzwa ku- I-Bugertone (Cardaiö, Certara, Lugano), omunye ku I-Magliaso (Circolo della Magliasina, District of Lugano) kanye ne-node ebalulekile ku I-Cademario di Sotto (Lisone, Cademario, District of Lugano)Lezi zindawo zisisiza siqonde ukuthi ukungcola kuziphatha kanjani emithambekeni ye-Alpine eseningizimu, lapho isimo sendawo kanye nomoya kungadala khona izimo zokuma komoya ngezinsuku ezithile.
Izindawo zasemakhaya nasezintabeni, kanye ne-Open Sense, i-Gaia, kanye neminye imisebenzi
Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zenethiwekhi yaseSwitzerland ukuthi ukuqapha inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya akugcini emadolobheni kuphela, kodwa kudlulela naku izigodi, amadolobhana asezintabeni kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya ezikudeLokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya osezintabeni zase-Alps uhlanzekile kangakanani njengoba abantu becabanga nokuthi izimo ezifana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma intuthu yeshimini ebusika ziwuthinta kanjani.
Isibonelo, eBernese Oberland, kunezinzwa ku I-Alte Strasse (Blausee-Mitholz, Kandergrund) futhi ku U-Alter Oberländerweg (Gunten, Sigriswil), kanye naseduze neThun, kanye nephuzu eliphakathi ILindenweg (Neufeld, Thun)Endaweni yaseLucerne, idatha ilinganiswa ngo- I-Bachmättli (Weidpark, Hochdorf) futhi futhi IHochdorf (Alpenstrasse, Weidpark), lokhu kokugcina kuxhunywe kuphrojekthi I-Netrunner nge-ID 179103, ehlanganisa ihadiwe yayo kanye nokuhlaziywa ukuze ifunde isimo sendawo.
Empumalanga ekude, esifundeni saseSt. Gallen, ikhwalithi yomoya iqashwe e- I-Gartenstrasse (Tscherlach, Walenstadt), kwenye I-Gartenstrasse (Bad Ragaz, Wahlkreis Sarganserland)e I-Linthblick (Ernetschwil, Gommiswald, Wahlkreis See-Gaster) futhi ku I-Lochstrasse (Rosenegg, Rorschacherberg)Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inzwa endaweni yaseWerdenberg. I-Kirchgass (Azmoos, Wartau), futhi iphathwa njengengxenye ye-sensor.community, eqoqa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlayiya endaweni yesigodi sase-alpine.
Kukhona futhi izindawo eziningana ezithakazelisayo esifundeni saseGraubünden. Idatha iqoshwe ku I-Doggilochstrasse (Klosters, Prättigau/Davos), kanye naku I-Eisbahnstrasse (Davos Platz, Davos) futhi ku I-Molkereistrasse (futhi e-Davos Platz)Uma uqhubeka kancane empumalanga, inzwa iyavela ku I-Munt d'Ardez (Scuol, Region Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair), okuvumela ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya endaweni ephakeme enezintaba enabantu abambalwa.
Amadivayisi okulinganisa abekwe eValais/Wallis I-Chandolin (Le Zoc, Anniviers, Sierre), ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi ehlobene Inzwa Evulekile ngekhodi 59fc06bbd13da40010d32be5, kanye naku IBord (St. Niklaus, Visp) y I-Furkastrasse (Lax, Goms)Lezi zinzwa zinikeza isithombe esiphelele sokuziphatha kokungcola eSigodini saseRhône kanye nasezintabeni ze-Alps ezizungezile, lapho ukuthuthwa komoya kanye ne-topography kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Ezinye izindawo zasemakhaya ezifanele zisakazeke kulo lonke izwe: UBrückenmatt (Ingenbohl, Schwyz), I-Buobenhofstrasse (Altendorf, Schwyz), I-Altenbachstrasse (Wollerau, Schwyz), I-Chäsmoos (Rüte, Appenzell Innerrhoden), I-Eggethof (iLangrickenbach, iThurgau), I-Broteggstrasse (Frauenfeld, Thurgau), IKettstrasse (eSirnach, eThurgau) o I-Eggethof (Neuhof, Langrickenbach)Ngayinye yalezi zinzwa inikeza umongo mayelana indlela izinhlayiya ezincane ezihlakazeka ngayo zisuka emigwaqweni emikhulu nasemadolobheni amakhulu.
Amanethiwekhi ahambisanayo: i-Open Sense, i-Gaia, i-AirNet, i-Meteo Lausanne kanye neminye imisebenzi
Kanye nenethiwekhi yesayensi yezakhamuzi, kunezinkundla eziningana ezihambisanayo ezisebenza eSwitzerland ezicebisa idatha yekhwalithi yomoya. Okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka kakhulu: Inzwa Evulekile, Inethiwekhi yokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya yesikhathi sangempela yeGaia, I-AirNet – aiqcn.org – waqi.infoizinhlelo zendawo ezifana I-Meteo Lausanne kanye neziteshi ezahlukene ezixhunywe emanyuvesi noma ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe.
I-Open Sense ihlanganisa izinzwa eziningi ezisatshalaliswa ezweni lonke, ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganisa iziteshi zokuhlola namadivayisi okufundisa. Phakathi kwama-node ashiwo kulwazi lokuqala, isibonelo, I-Baden (Römerstrasse, Baldegg, Bezirk Baden), ehlotshaniswa nesikhombisi 59fac094d13da40010ba0b3c, I-Chandolin (i-Anniviers, i-Valais) ngekhodi 59fc06bbd13da40010d32be5, inzwa ye I-Chäsmoos (Rüte, Appenzell Innerrhoden) nge-ID engu-5b94a2c97c51910019097f14, i-node I-Fontana senseBox (Püntstrasse, Kindhausen, Volketswil) nge-ID 61bcb2bd67e5ad001b557624 kanye nesiteshi I-Humanoids beBox (i-Murtenstrasse, i-Holligen, i-Bern), ixhunywe kukhodi 5eac732e712645001b432a26.
Inethiwekhi Inethiwekhi yokuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya yesikhathi sangempela yeGaia Lokhu kuyabonakala futhi olwazini olunikeziwe. Kukhona inzwa ku I-Auf der Platte (Mühlental, Breite, Schaffhausen), kanye nenombolo 788, kanye nenye ku I-Kilbigstrasse (Erlinsbach, Aargau) nge-ID 963. Lawa maphuzu ahambisana nenethiwekhi yesensa eshibhile ngemishini yokuqapha yesikhathi sangempela evame ukuba nokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokulinganiswa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-AirNet – aiqcn.org – waqi.info kubonakala kuhlobene ne-node ye Kindhausen (Püntstrasse, Volketswil, Bezirk Uster, Zurich), enekhodi engu-100386, ngaphakathi kwepulatifomu yomhlaba wonke yekhwalithi yomoya i-waqi.info. Lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi luhlose ukunikeza amamephu omhlaba wonke ahlanganisiweNgakho-ke, idatha yaseSwitzerland ihlanganiswe neyamanye amazwe aseYurophu kanye nomhlaba wonke.
Ezingeni lendawo, icala lika I-Meteo Lausanne (Rue du Valentin, Lausanne), enophawu 01, ikhombisa ukuthi ezinye izindawo zokuhlola isimo sezulu zendabuko ziqale kanjani faka izinzwa zokungcoliswa komoya eziteshini zabo. Ngale ndlela, ulwazi mayelana nemvula, umoya, izinga lokushisa noma ingcindezi luhambisana nedatha yezinhlayiya noma amagesi, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuchazeni kahle iziqephu zekhwalithi yomoya engeyinhle ebangelwa izimo eziqhubekayo ze-anticyclonic.
Ngaphezu kwala manethiwekhi, kunezinzwa ngazinye ezisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseSwitzerland eziyingxenye yezinhlelo zangasese noma zezemfundo. Iphrojekthi I-Netrunner eHochdorf (Alpenstrasse, Weidpark, Lucerne) Ngesinye sezibonelo ezicacile, ngekhodi yesenzwa engu-179103 ebonakala ihlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda ethile, mhlawumbe ehlotshaniswa nenkampani noma isikhungo esinesifiso sokuqapha ukungcola endaweni ethile.
Okuvelele okwengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwenkomba yekhwalithi yomoya
Uhlu lwamaphuzu okulinganisa ahilelekile ekuhloleni inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya eSwitzerland lukhulu kangangokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwabiza wonke ngokuningiliziwe ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimuphi. Kuvela imigwaqo ethile kakhulu, njenge I-Aarburgerstrasse (Passerelle, Olten, Solothurn), I-Baselstrasse (Kloster St. Joseph, Solothurn), I-Baumgartenstrasse (Kino Leuzinger, Altdorf, Uri), UBrückenmatt (Ingenbohl, Schwyz), I-Dorfrain (Niederlenz, Aargau) o I-Mettliweg (Laufen-Uhwiesen, Bezirk Andelfingen, Zurich), phakathi kwabanye abaningi, futhi ngamunye wabo unikela ngengxenye ethile empikiswaneni kazwelonke.
Sithole nezindawo ezifana ne- I-Auf der Platte (Schaffhausen), I-Humanoids beBox eBern, I-Fontana senseBox in Volketswil noma inzwa ye I-Feuerwehrdepot Sirnach (Kettstrasse, Sirnach, Thurgau)Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukubandakanyeka kwemiphakathi yezemfundo, iminyango yomlilo, amalabhorethri, kanye nezinhlangano zomakhelwane ekuqapheni ikhwalithi yomoya. Konke lokhu kuphumela ekumbozweni okubanzi kakhulu kwendawo yaseSwitzerland kunokuba bekuthembele kuphela eziteshini ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni.
Ngokombono ongokoqobo, le nethiwekhi ebanzi ivumela noma ubani hlola inkomba yekhwalithi yomoya cishe ezingeni lomgwaqoKungaba ngamamephu asebenzisanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, noma amawebhusayithi akhethekile. Uma uhlala eduze kwezindawo ezifana I-Hüttenweg (Zwillikon, Affoltern am Albis), I-Linggenrain (i-Ballwil, i-Lucerne), Munt d'Ardez (Scuol) o I-Gussstrasse (Bülach)Ungabona cishe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi ukungcola kuguquka kanjani phakathi nosuku bese ulungisa imisebenzi yakho yomzimba yangaphandle ngokufanele.
Inani le-index libonakala kakhulu kubantu abane- i-asthma, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile, abazwela kakhulu ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kanye ne-ozone. Ngezinsuku ezinamazinga aphezulu, okufanelekile ukunciphisa ukuzivocavoca okunzima ngaphandleGwema amahora omgwaqo amatasa kakhulu, futhi uma kungenzeka, faka umoya endlini ngezikhathi lapho inkomba iphansi.
Nakuba iSwitzerland ngokuvamile igcina amazinga amahle ekhwalithi yomoya uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe athuthukile, ukuba khona kwezinzwa eziningi kangaka ezisatshalaliswa phakathi kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane, amadolobha, amadolobha kanye nezindawo zasezintabeni kubonisa ukuthi Akucatshangwa ukuthi umoya uzohlala uphelele.Ngenxa yokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, amaphrojekthi afana ne-sensor.community, amanethiwekhi afana ne-Open Sense, i-Gaia, i-AirNet kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zasendaweni, manje sekungenzeka ukulandelela ngokunemba okukhulu ukuthi ukungcola kushintsha kanjani ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene njenge-Aabachstrasse eSeon, i-Chemin du 23-Août eGeneva, i-Rue du Valentin eLausanne, i-Leonhardsgraben eBasel noma izigodi zaseGoms nase-Engiadina, okuhumusha kube izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa zokuvikela impilo nokuhlela izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezisebenzayo.