Esimisweni sezinkanyezi esiseduze kakhulu nesethu, sekuphelile kancane iminyaka yokukhanya eyishumi emithathu ukusuka eMhlabeniIzazi zezinkanyezi zibone umhlaba obonakala ungahambisani nazo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo. Akuyona iplanethi enkulu yegesi njengeJupiter noma iplanethi enamadwala yakudala njengeyethu: ngaphansi kobuso bawo kukhona i- ulwandle lomhlaba wonke lwedwala elicibilikisiwe lokho kuyabila ngaphandle kokuphumula.
Le planethi engaphandle, eqanjwe ngokuthi L 98-59 dImbozwe umoya ojiyile, onobuthi, ogcwele amakhemikhali esibabule, okusikhumbuza kakhulu ilebhu yemvelo eshisa kakhulu kunendawo lapho ukuphila kungavela khona. Ukutholwa, lapho amaqembu aseYurophu naseBrithani ahlanganyela khona, kufaka phakathi abantu abaphambili abavela ku- University of Oxford, kusiza ekuchazeni kabusha indlela esiqonda ngayo ukuhlukahluka kwemihlaba ehlala emthaleni.
Uhlobo olusha lweplanethi olungangeni kumamodeli akudala
Idatha eqoqwe ikhombisa ukuthi i-L 98-59 d inosayizi olinganiselwa ku- Iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,6 kunoMhlabaKodwa izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo azifani nalokho okulindelekile kwiplanethi enamatshe evamile. Ubuningi bayo buphansi kunokujwayelekile ezweni lama-silicates nezinsimbi, okwaholela ngokushesha abacwaningi ukuthi kukhona okungajwayelekile okwenzekayo ngaphakathi.
Kunokuba yinto eqinile enoqweqwe oluzinzile, ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuthi phakathi 70% kanye no-90% womthamo wayo wangaphakathi Ibuswa yidwala elincibilikisiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, esikutholayo lapho ulwandle olukhulu lwe-magma olungafinyelela ekujuleni kwe- 5.700 amakhilomitha, ngaphandle kokuphumula noma izindawo eziqinile njengalezo esinazo eMhlabeni.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe kulezi ziphetho, ithimba lesayensi lihlanganise okubonwe yizinto eziningana, okuhlanganisa James webb space telescope kanye nezindawo zokubukela ezahlukahlukene ebusweni boMhlaba. Ukunemba kwalolu lwazi kuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuthi balinganisele ubukhulu nobukhulu, kanye, ngokwengeziwe, isakhiwo sangaphakathi salo mhlaba wezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu.
Ucwaningo, lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini Nature Astronomy, kusikisela ukuthi sibhekene ne- uhlobo olusha lweplanethi olunezilwandle ze-magma nesulfure okuphoqa cishe buyekeza izigaba zendabuko esikusebenzisayo kwezesayensi yezinkanyezi: akuyona nje iplanethi enamadwala ashisayo, kodwa into ephakathi kweMihlaba emikhulu nomhlaba ombozwe ulwandle, kuphela kulokhu "amanzi" ayi-lava.
Lokhu okutholakele kunezela enanini elikhulayo lezinto ezitholakele, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ebezilokhu zandisa ikhathalogi yamaplanethi angaphandle ngale kwamamodeli akudala afundiswa ezincwadini, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhwalithi ekhuphukayo emelelwa yi-James Webb Space Telescope yokufunda imimoya kanye nokwakheka kwayo emabangeni aphakathi kwezinkanyezi.
Isihogo esiseduze: ulwandle lomhlaba wonke lwe-magma
Isihluthulelo sale exoplanet ukuthi ulwandle lwe-magma olubusa cishe yonke ingaphakathi laloNgokungafani noMhlaba, lapho idwala elincibilikisiwe lihlala khona kakhulu futhi liphazanyiswa uqweqwe oluqinile oluzinzile noma oluqinile, ku-L 98-59 d izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu livimbela ukwakheka "kwenhlabathi" eqinile neqinile.
Amamodeli ezinombolo asetshenziswa yithimba lamazwe ngamazwe asikisela ukuthi amazinga okushisa omhlaba angadlula kalula ku-1.500 ºCUkushisa bekuyoba kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kungancibilikisa izinsimbi eziningi ezivamile. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, noma yimuphi umzamo weplanethi wokuqinisa uqweqwe ubungavinjelwa: idwala eliqina liphinde lincibilike ngokushesha ngenxa yokugeleza kwamandla amakhulu avela ngaphakathi kanye nenkanyezi yalo.
Lesi simo sidala into efana ne- umjikelezo wentaba-mlilo oqhubekayolapho i-magma iphakama khona, ikhipha amagesi emoyeni, bese iphinda izike, okudala amandla angaphakathi angazinzile kakhulu. Uma usuka kude, iplanethi enjalo ngeke ibonise ukukhanya kwenkanyezi yayo kuphela, kodwa mhlawumbe izobonisa ukukhanya kwayo. yayizokhanya ngokukhanya kwayo okushisa, njengomlilo we-cosmic olengiswe endaweni engenalutho.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zichaza lesi simo njengomhlaba ovaleleke ohlotsheni "lobuntwana be-geological" obuhlala njalo. Ngenkathi uMhlaba ubulokhu ulahlekelwa ukushisa kwangaphakathi iminyaka eminingi, okuvumela ukwakheka kwamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olumanzi, i-L 98-59 d ihlala izinzile esimweni sakudala kakhulu, ibuswa ukuncibilika kwezinto kanye nomsebenzi wangaphakathi oqhubekayo.
Kumphakathi wesayensi waseYurophu, okuhlanganisa nalabo abasebenza ezindaweni zokubuka izinto kulo lonke izwekazi kanye nezinhlangano ezifana ne-ESA, ukutadisha into eyingozi kangaka kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba Inikeza ithuba lokufinyelela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuziphendukela kwemvelo amaplanethi anamatshe, ngaphambi kokuba aphole futhi abe nezimo ezizinzile.
Isimo esiminyene, esigcwele isibabule
Uma ingaphakathi le-L 98-59 d selivele liphezulu kakhulu, ungqimba lwayo olunegesi aluphansi kangako. Idatha ye-Spectroscopic yembula ukuthi iplanethi ine- umoya ojiyileecebile ngamakhemikhali e-hydrogen ne-sulfurLokhu kwaqala kwabadida abacwaningi, ababejwayele ukuthola ezinye izinhlobo zezingxube emhlabeni onobukhulu obufanayo.
Izilinganiso zibona izimpawu ze- i-hydrogen sulfide, igesi efanayo ebangela iphunga eliphawulekayo “leqanda elibolile” eMhlabeni. Kulesi simo, isilinganiso esilinganisiwe sale nhlanganisela singaba phezulu kakhulu, ngokulandelana kwe 10% womkhathiokungaguqula umoya weplanethi ube yi-cocktail enobuthi ebulalayo ngokuphelele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphila njengoba silwazi.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yamakhemikhali, lowo moya oqinile usebenza njenge- isibambo sokushisa esisebenza kahle kakhuluUmkhathi ugcina imisebe eminingi etholwe enkanyezini ephethe futhi uyisabalalise kabusha, uvimbele ubuso nolwandle lwe-magma ukuthi lungapholi ngokwanele ukuze kwakheke uqweqwe oluqinile. Kungumphumela wokushisa othathwe kakhulu, onamandla kakhulu kunalowo obonwe eVenus.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingcindezi, kanye nokuba khona kwamakhemikhali esibabule kudala indawo lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthi amanzi agelezayo abe khona noma ukuthi ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ezinto eziphilayo aphile isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, i-L 98-59 d ihlukaniswe ngokusobala njenge- umhlaba ongenamakhaya futhi ongahlalwa muntu, okungenani kunoma iyiphi i-biology efana nomhlaba.
Ngenxa yalobu bunzima obukhulu, iplanethi iba yindawo efanele yokuhlola imibono mayelana ikhemistri yomoya ngaphansi kwezimo zomngceleAmamodeli afanelana kahle nalokho okubonwa lapho angasetshenziswa kwamanye amaplanethi angaphandle, kufaka phakathi lawo asezingeni lokushisa elingaphezulu atholakala kumaphrojekthi aseYurophu agxile ekufuneni ama-biosignatures angaba khona.
Indima yolwandle lwe-magma "njengokugcina" kwesibabule
Esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kulolu cwaningo yincazelo abacwaningi abayiphakamisayo ukuze bathethelele ubuningi bamagesi esibabule emoyeni. Ukulingisa okwenziwe kubonisa ukuthi Ulwandle lwe-magma luzosebenza njengendawo yokugcina amakhemikhali enkulu, ekwazi ukumunca nokukhulula isibabule ngokuqhubekayo eminyakeni eyizigidigidi.
Kuleso simo, izinto ezicebile ngesibabule ezikhona ngaphakathi kweplanethi zizoncibilika edwaleni elincibilikisiwe futhi, ngokunyakaza okuguqukayo, zithuthelwe ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu kakhulu, lapho zingabalekela khona emkhathini ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zezintaba-mlilo kanye nokuqhuma okusabalalayoNgokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kushintshana ekugcineni kuzokhiqiza ukwakheka kwegesi okungavamile okutholakala namuhla.
Ukuba khona kwalo mjikelezo we-magma-atmosphere kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani, naphezu kwemisebe yezinkanyezi enamandla, iplanethi ikwazi gcina imvilophu yegesi eqinileNakuba enye igesi ilahleka emkhathini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulwandle lwedwala elincibilikisiwe luzoqhubeka nokunikeza umoya ngamakhemikhali amasha, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yalolo hlobo "lwengubo enobuthi" ezungeze umhlaba.
Le ndlela yokusebenza ifana kancane nalokho okwenzeka eMhlabeni, lapho ukushintshana phakathi kwengaphakathi nengaphandle ngokusebenzisa izintaba-mlilo kanye ne-tectonics kube yisihluthulelo sokusekela umkhathi wethu kuwo wonke umlando we-geological. Kodwa-ke, ku-L 98-59 d konke kwenzeka ngezinga elibi kakhulu: amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo kanye nokungabikho koqweqwe oluqinile kusho ukuthi uhlelo luhlala lusengcupheni yesiphithiphithi.
Kumphakathi wesayensi waseYurophu, le miphumela ivula umnyango wokufunda okwengeziwe indlela izinto eziguquguqukayo eziziphatha ngayo ezindaweni ezinamandla aphezulu nokuthi lokhu kungaba namuphi umthelela kwamanye amaplanethi angaphandle. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kuzovumela ukuchazwa okungcono kwezibonakaliso zamakhemikhali ezibonwa ezinhlosweni zeteleskopu zesikhathi esizayo njengeJames Webb kanye nabangaba yizindlalifa zayo, ezinye zazo ezikhuthazwa yizikhungo ze-European Union.
Lo mhlaba oyingozi kakhulu usifundisani ngokwakheka kwamaplanethi?
Ngale kobuhle bezimo zayo, i-L 98-59 d iyasiza ekuphenduleni umbuzo oyisisekelo: indlela amaplanethi anamadwala aguquka ngayo Kusukela ezigabeni zabo zokuqala kuze kube yilapho beba yizindawo ezingahlalwa kuzo (noma cha). Ukubuka umhlaba ovaleleke esimweni esinjalo esidala kusenza sikwazi ukuqhathanisa isimo sawo nalokho uMhlaba okumelwe ukuba wabhekana nakho ngemva nje kokudalwa kwawo.
Eminyakeni eyizigidigidi edlule, iplanethi yethu nayo yayimbozwe yi- izilwandle ze-magma kanye nemimoya enobuthiilawulwa amagesi entaba-mlilo futhi ingenawo umoya-mpilo okhululekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulahleka kokushisa, ukuhlaselwa yizinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye nama-asteroid, kanye nokuguquguquka kwangaphakathi kancane kancane kwaguqula le ndawo yaba yindawo elungele amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-organic chemistry.
Icala lika-L 98-59 d libonisa ukuthi akuwona wonke umhlaba olandela indlela efanayo: amanye angakwazi "ukubhajwa" ezigabeni ezinamandla kakhuluLokhu kungenxa yokusondela kwazo enkanyezini, ukwakheka kwazo kokuqala, noma inhlanganisela yezici. Kusukela ezikhungweni zokuhlola zaseYurophu, lezi zimo zisetshenziselwa ukucwengisisa amamodeli okwakheka kwamaplanethi, abese esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingomakhelwane kanye nasekuchazeni idatha emisebenzini ye-ESA.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-exoplanet lusikhumbuza ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwemihlaba emthaleni Kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa eminyakeni engamashumi amabili noma amathathu edlule. Lokho okwakubhekwa njengokungavamile sekuqala ukubonakala kuyinto evamile, okuphoqa ukuthi kubuyekezwe ukuhlukaniswa okulula okwakuhlukanisa kuphela amaplanethi “amatshe”, “ama-gas giants,” noma “amaNeptune” asesimweni esipholile.
Kumphakathi waseYurophu, ukutholwa ngakunye okufana nalokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokusekela amaphrojekthi amakhulu okubuka, kokubili asemkhathini nasemhlabeni, lapho amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye nezinhlangano ezivela emazweni ahlukene zisebenzisana khona. I-L 98-59 d iyisibonelo esisodwa nje sendlela ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okungaveza ngayo amaqiniso angalindelekile ngale kweSistimu Yelanga.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi, i-exoplanet L 98-59 d izibonakalise njengenye yezindawo zomhlaba eziyingqayizivele kakhulu ezitholakale kuze kube manje: iplanethi eseduze nobukhulu boMhlaba kodwa eguqulwe yaba ulwandle lomhlaba wonke lwe-lava, embozwe umoya ogcwele isibabule, futhi igcinwe esimweni sokuphazamiseka okungapheli. Kunokuba nje kube yinto ethakazelisayo, lesi "sihogo" esiseduze sibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuqondeni kangcono ukuthi amaplanethi akha futhi aguquke kanjani ku-Milky Way nokuthi yiziphi izici ezinquma ukuthi amanye awo angagcina enikeze izimo ezifana nalezo eziseMhlabeni.
