Namuhla sibuyela kusayensi yezinkanyezi. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya izici ze- uhlelo lwelangaSiqale ngokuchaza wonke amaplanethi ngamunye ngamunye. Sikubonile lokho K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha! kwakuyiplanethi esondele kakhulu elangeni, I-Jupiter enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga futhi Mars ingahlala impilo. Namuhla sizogxila kwi Iplanethi iSaturn. Elinye lamaplanethi amabili amakhulu futhi elidume ngendandatho ye-asteroid. Kuyiplanethi engabukwa kalula eMhlabeni.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi zonke izimfihlo zikaSaturn? Funda futhi uthole.
Izici eziyinhloko
ISaturn yiplanethi ethile. Kososayensi kuthathwa njengelinye lamaplanethi athakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ngalo lonke uhlelo lwelanga. Iqokomisa ukuthi inayo ukuminyana okuphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwamanzi futhi yakhiwe ngokuphelele yi-hydrogen, ene-helium encane ne-methane.
Kungokwesigaba samagesi amakhulu futhi kunombala owehlukile owenza ukuthi ugqame kwabanye. Iphuzi ngandlela thile futhi ngaphakathi kwayo kuhlanganiswe amaqembu amancane eminye imibala. Abaningi bayayiphambanisa neJupiter kepha abahlobene nakancane. Zihlukaniswe ngokusobala yiringi. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi izindandatho zayo zenziwe ngamanzi, kepha ziqinile njengezinguzunga zeqhwa, izintaba zeqhwa noma ezinye izingqimba zeqhwa kuhlangene nohlobo oluthile lothuli lwamakhemikhali ikakhulukazi.
Kakade ngo-1610 kwatholakala umoya ozungeze iplanethi iSaturn sibonga uGalileo nesibonakude. Kulokho kutholwa kwafundwa ukuthi imimoya evunguza nxazonke yenza lokho ngejubane elingenakulinganiswa lokuthi ishesha kangakanani. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukho konke lokhu futhi kuyashaqisa kulabo abakwaziyo, ukuthi kwenzeka kuphela enkabazwe yomhlaba.
Injani ingaphakathi nomoya weSaturn?
Ngokungafani namanye amaplanethi asesimisweni sonozungezilanga, ubukhulu beSaturn bungaphansi kobamanzi emhlabeni wethu. Isakhiwo sakhiwa ngokuphelele i-hydrogen. Maphakathi neplanethi, ubukhona bezinto ezithile eziyisisekelo zayo bungaqinisekiswa. Lezi yizinto ezisindayo ezakha izakhiwo eziqinile eziqukethe iplanethi, njengoba yenzela ukuthi iqembu elincane lamatshe liqoqwe noma kwakheke amadwala kuwo. Lamadwala zingafinyelela izinga lokushisa cishe ngama-degree ayi-15.000.
Ngokubambisana neJupiter kubhekwa hhayi kuphela amaplanethi amabili amakhulu kunawo wonke kusistimu yelanga, kodwa futhi kushisa kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nomoya wayo, yakhiwa yi-hydrogen. Kunezinye izinto eyakhiwe ngazo futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi wazi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka zonke izinto ezingaba khona ukuze wazi izici umhlaba ongaba nazo ngokuphelele.
Zonke ezinye izakhi zinamanani amancane. Imayelana ne-methane ne-ammonia. Kukhona namanye amanani ahlukene amagesi angenela ngokuhlangana nezinto eziyinhloko njenge-ethanol, i-acetylene ne-phosphine. Lawa magesi kuphela akwazile ukufundwa ngososayensi, yize kwaziwa ukuthi akuwona wodwa umqambi.
Amasongo kaSaturn anwelela endizeni yenkabazwe yomhlaba kusuka ku-6630 km kuya ku-120 km ngaphezulu kwe-equator kaSaturn futhi akhiwa izinhlayiya ezinamanzi amaningi eqhwa. Usayizi wenhlayiya ngayinye usukela ezinhlayiyeni ezincane zothuli uye emadwaleni amamitha ambalwa ngosayizi. I-albedo ephezulu yamasongo ikhombisa ukuthi ingezesimanje emlandweni wesistimu yelanga.
Izinyanga neziphuphutheki
Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zici ezithokozisayo ezenza iSaturn ibe yiplanethi ethakazelisa kangaka ukwazi, kufanele futhi sigqamise neziphuphutheki okwakhiwe ngazo. Kuze kube manje, iziphuphutheki eziyi-18 sezibonwe futhi zaqanjwa ngochwepheshe bama-physics kulo mkhakha. Lokhu kunikeza iplanethi ukubaluleka okukhulu nokuguquguquka kwayo. Ukuze sibazi kangcono, sizoqamba ezinye zazo.
Abaziwa kakhulu okubizwa ngokuthi yiHyperion neIapetus, akhiwe ngokuphelele ngamanzi ngaphakathi kwawo kodwa aqinile kangangokuba kucatshangwa ukuthi afriziwe noma abe yiqhwa ngokulandelana.
ISaturn ineziphuphutheki ezingaphakathi nezangaphandle. Phakathi kwabangaphakathi kukhona okubaluleke kakhulu lapho i-orbit ebizwa nge-titan itholakala khona. Ingenye yezinyanga ezinkulu kakhulu zeSaturn, yize ingabonakali kalula njengoba izungezwe yinkungu ewolintshi eminyene. I-Titan ingenye yezinyanga empeleni eyakhiwe cishe yi-nitrogen ngokuphelele.
Ingaphakathi lale nyanga lenziwe amadwala e-carbon hydroxide, i-methane phakathi kwezinye izinto zamakhemikhali ezifana neplanethi ejwayelekile njengoba injalo. Amanani ngokuvamile ayafana futhi ikakhulukazi angasho, ngosayizi abafanayo.
Ukuqaphelisisa okuvela eMhlabeni
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kuyiplanethi engabonakala kalula kusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Kungabonakala esibhakabhakeni isikhathi esiningi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesibonakude sokuzilibazisa. Ukubona kwakho kungcono kakhulu lapho iplanethi iseduze noma iphikisana, okungukuthi, ukuma kweplanethi lapho ikule ndawo engu-180 °, ngakho-ke ibonakala iphambene neLanga esibhakabhakeni.
Kungabonakala kahle esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku njengendawo yokukhanya engacwayizi. Igqamile futhi iphuzi futhi Kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-29 nengxenye ukuqeda inguquko eyodwa ephelele yokuhumusha kumjikelezo wayo maqondana nezinkanyezi ezingemuva ze-zodiac. Kulabo abafuna ukuhlukanisa amasongo weSaturn, bazodinga isibonakude okungenani esingu-20x ukuze sibonakale kahle.
Ngokuqondene nokubona kwabo besemkhathini, imikhumbi-mkhathi emithathu yaseMelika ihambile ukubona ingaphandle nomoya weSaturn. Imikhumbi yabizwa IPioneer 11 probe neVoyager 1 ne2. Le mkhumbi-mkhathi yandiza phezu kweplanethi ngo-1979, 1980 nango-1981, ngokulandelana. Ukuthola imininingwane enembile nekhwalithi, babephethe izinsimbi zokuhlaziya amandla kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemisebe emugqeni obonakalayo, we-ultraviolet, we-infrared kanye nowomsakazo.
Futhi zinamathuluzi okutadisha amandla kazibuthe nawokuthola izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe nezinhlamvu zothuli.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi kangcono iplanethi iSaturn.