La Umphakathi waseMadrid igcina isexwayiso segagasi elibandayo Lesi sixwayiso, esikhishwe yi-General Directorate of Public Health, sisekelwe ezibikezelweni ezivela kwi-State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), ebikezela amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-zero engxenyeni enkulu yesifunda.
Lesi simo se Ubanda obukhulu kanye nesithwathwa esisakazekile Kuhambisana nezinsuku ezibalulekile ekhalendeni likaKhisimusi, kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaDisemba kuze kube sekufikeni kwamaKhosi Amathathu, okuholele ekutheni iziphathimandla zezempilo ziqinise izindlela zokuvimbela ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela empilweni, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini asengozini enkulu.
Ukusebenza kwezinga lesi-2: Ingozi ephezulu ngenxa yegagasi elibandayo
Insizakalo yolwazi lwesifunda mayelana nokushisa okukhulu ibike ukuthi kusebenze Isexwayiso sezinga lesi-2, esibhekwa njengengozi ephezulu, siyasebenza lapho kuhlangatshezwana nezindinganiso ezibekwe kuphrothokholi yesifunda. Leli zinga liqala ukusebenza lapho isilinganiso samazinga okushisa aphansi abikezelwayo ezinsukwini ezintathu ezilandelayo sehla ngaphansi kweyodwa izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe libekwe ku-1,9 ºC.
Lolu hlelo lokuqapha lusekelwe kudatha eqoqwe ezindaweni eziningana zokubuka isimo sezulu, njenge Barajas, Cuatro Vientos, Getafe kanye neRetiro ParkIphephandaba elisemthethweni lamagagasi abandayo lilungiswa kusetshenziswa ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe oluvela kulezi ziteshi, olusebenza njengesiqondiso sokwenza izinqumo nguMnyango Wezempilo.
La isikhathi sesexwayiso Kuncike ekuguqukeni kwezibikezelo zansuku zonke: uma nje ukufundwa kuhlala kungaphansi komkhawulo futhi umoya ubanda uqhubeka uphansi kakhulu, iLevel 2 izohlala isebenza. Kwezinye iziqephu zakamuva, lapho kutholakale ukuthambekela okucacile kokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, kuthathwe isinyathelo ukuze yehlisa isexwayiso siye ku-Level 1, izinga lokuqapha.
Izindawo ezibandayo kanye nesibikezelo sokushisa
Ngaphakathi kwesifunda, izibikezelo zibonisa umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwezindawo zezintaba nezindawo eziphakathi neziseningizimu. Ngokwezimo ezikhishwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJanuwari, I-RascafrÃa iphakathi komasipala ababanda kakhulu, nge amanani alindelekile azungeze -5 ºCEzintabeni ezisenyakatho, ezinye izikhungo ezifana ne- I-Cabrera Zizophinde zibhalise amazinga okushisa aphansi angafinyelela cishe ku-3°C.
Ku indawo yedolobha kanye nomzila waseHenaresKulindeleke amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero, kodwa aphakathi kancane. Omasipala abanjengo Madrid (idolobha), Aranjuez, Parla, Alcalá de Henares kanye Navalcarnero Amazinga okushisa angase ehle afinyelele cishe ku-2°C ekuseni kakhulu, kuyilapho e- I-Collado Villalba noma i-Getafe Ama-thermometer azohlala eduze kuka--1 ºC.
Izilinganiso zesevisi yesimo sezulu zaso sonke isifunda zidweba isithombe igagasi elibandayo ligxile ezinsukwini ezininganaEzikhathini ezithile zasekuseni kakhulu muva nje sekubone amazinga okushisa engaphansi kancane kuka-0°C, kanti izibikezelo zezinsuku ezilandelayo zibikezela ukwehla okwengeziwe kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, kulandelwe ukululama kancane kancane, kanye nokwenyuka okungabuyisela amazinga okushisa kumanani amahle ekupheleni kwesiqephu.
Kanye nale datha evela kuMphakathi waseMadrid, izibalo ezilandelayo ziqoshwe kulo lonke elaseSpain: izithwathwa eziqine kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezintabaNjengoba amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu eseduze no-10ºC ezindaweni ezifana nePyrenees, okuqinisekisa ukufika komoya obandayo kakhulu engxenyeni enkulu ye-peninsula.
Lo mongo wokushisa okukhulu uqiniswa ukuba khona kwe- Umoya we-Arctic kanye nezimo zomkhathi ezivumela ukufika kwemimoya ebandayo evela enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu, kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo ezingeni leqhwa kanye neziqephu zokuwa kweqhwa ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi ezifundeni ezahlukene.
Ingabe kuzoba neqhwa eMadrid ezinsukwini ezizayo?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero nomoya obandayo kakhulu phezulu Lokhu kuholele izakhamuzi eziningi ekuzibuzeni ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube neqhwa elikhulu eMphakathini waseMadrid, ikakhulukazi uma lihambisana nezinsuku ezibalulekile njengoSuku Lonyaka Omusha noma uSuku Lwamakhosi Amathathu. Amamodeli okubikezela abonise ezinye izimo ezihambisana nokuwa kweqhwaKodwa, okwamanje, I-AEMET ibheka ukuthi iqhwa elikhulu alinakwenzeka enhloko-dolobha kanye nasengxenyeni enkulu yesifunda.
Ukungaqiniseki kwandisa isikhathi sokubikezela isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izazi zezulu zincoma Ungacabangi ukuthi iqhwa liyawa noma alikho kusenesikhathi.Kwezinye izimo, ukulungiselelwa okufanayo kuholele ekuweni kweqhwa, kodwa kulokhu amathuba asatshalaliswa ezimweni eziningana ezingaba khona futhi kuzodingeka kulandelwe izibuyekezo zansuku zonke.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kulo lonke elaseSpain kanye nengxenye enkulu yeYurophu, okulandelayo kuyaphawulwa: iqhwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhuluIkakhulukazi esifundeni saseCantabrian, esigodini esingenhla sase-Ebro, eGalicia engaphakathi, kanye nasezintabeni zasenyakatho nasempumalanga yeSpain. Kwezinye izindawo, izinga leqhwa libe phakathi kwamamitha angu-300 nangu-500, yize lisalokhu liphakeme kancane eningizimu-mpumalanga naseziQhingini zaseBalearic.
Esikhathini esimaphakathi, amamodeli akhomba ukufika okungenzeka kwe- isimo se-anticyclonic ngemva kwezinsuku zokungazinzi okukhulu, okwakuzothambekela ekuzinziseni umkhathi kodwa kugcine Isimo sezulu esibandayo kakhulu kanye nesithwathwa sasebusuku ezindaweni ezinkulu zangaphakathiLe ndlela, evamile ebusika, ingandisa isikhathi sezulu esibandayo, yize ingenalo imvula enamandla kangaka.
Kunoma ikuphi, iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthi Bheka imibiko esemthethweni ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo noma imisebenzi yangaphandleLokhu kungenxa yokubonakala kweqhwa okungenzeka kanye nokuba khona kweqhwa emigwaqweni nasezindleleni zokuhamba ngezinyawo, okwandisa ingozi yezingozi.
Uhlelo lwesifunda lokulwa nomkhuhlane kanye nohlelo lokuxwayisa
Umphakathi waseMadrid une Uhlelo Lokuqapha Nokulawula Imiphumela Yomkhuhlane Empilweni Lolu hlelo lusebenza njalo ebusika futhi ngokuvamile lusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kukaDisemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi. Luhlanganisa izinsizakalo zezempilo, amaqembu ezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nezinye izinsiza zomphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokushisa okuphansi.
Uhlelo lwezexwayiso zezempilo luhlelwe ngendlela amazinga amathathu engcuphe, ebonakala ngemibala: izinga lokujwayelekile noma ukungabikho kwengozi; izinga eliphakathi lokuqapha, lapho amanani aseduze nomkhawulo elindelekile; kanye izinga 2 noma ingozi ephezuluLokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwegagasi elibandayo elinomthelela ongaba khona empilweni yomphakathi. Kulesi simo sokugcina, ukuxhumana nezibhedlela, izikhungo zezempilo, kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi kuyaqiniswa.
Ngokusebenza kweZinga lesi-2, ukuphathwa kwesifunda kuyaxazulula izinkinga izincwadi zezindaba ezikhishwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ngolwazi olusha mayelana nokuvela kwamazinga okushisa aphansi alindelekile, ubude besikhathi esingenzeka sesiqephu, kanye nezincomo eziyinhloko zomphakathi. Lezi zixwayiso zisatshalaliswa ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni, izikhungo zabezindaba, kanye namawebhusayithi ezikhungo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifunda sine- ikhasi lolwazi oluthile eqoqa izeluleko zokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nomkhuhlane, izinto zolwazi kanye nezixhumanisi zokusekela izinsiza, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, abagulayo, imindeni enezingane kanye nabantu abasesimweni sokukhubazeka emphakathini.
Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu hlelo akukhona nje ukwazisa, kodwa futhi ukuthola nokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane ngokushesha, njengokushisa komzimba ngokweqile, ukuba mandundu kwezifo zokuphefumula noma zenhliziyo, ukuwa ngenxa yeqhwa nezinye izehlakalo ezivame ukwanda phakathi nalezi zigameko.
Izingozi zempilo zesimo sezulu esibandayo
Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zisikhumbuza ukuthi Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu awagcini nje ngokubangela ukungakhululekikodwa kungaba nemiphumela eqondile neyingozi empilweni. Umkhuhlane omkhulu uthanda ukubonakala kwe- izifo zokuphefumula njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia, kanye kwenza izimo ezingamahlalakhona zibe zimbi kakhuluikakhulukazi labo abanesimo senhliziyo kanye nesamaphaphu.
Lapho umzimba ubhekene izindawo ezibandayo kakhulu isikhathi esideKumelwe benze umzamo owengeziwe ukuze balondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo. Lo mzamo owengeziwe ungenza isimo sabantu abanezifo esezivele zikhona sibe sibi kakhulu, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuholele ekushiseni ngokweqile noma ekushiseni ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma bengagqoki izingubo ezifanele noma uma ikhaya labo lingafudunyezwanga noma lingapholi kahle.
Phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini enkulu kukhona abadala, iziguli ezine- izifo zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona noma zenhliziyoizinsana nezingane ezincane, kanye nalabo abahlala e- izimo zobunzima bezomnotho noma ukungabi namakhayaKula maqembu, ngisho nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa okulingene kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile.
Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi umkhuhlane uvame ukusebenza buthule: Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zingabonwa.Izimpawu zingasukela ekubeni ndikindiki kancane kuya ekuthuthumeleni okukhulu noma ubunzima bokucabanga kahle. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukuthola indawo efudumele, ugqoke ngokufudumele, futhi uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlela kusenesikhathi, ulwazi oluthembekile, kanye nokusekelwa kwabasengozini kakhulu kubalulekile ukunciphisa umthelela wempilo wegagasi elibandayo endaweni enkulu yasemadolobheni njengeMadrid kanye nendawo yayo yedolobha.
Izincomo kubantu
Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye noMnyango Jikelele Wezempilo Yomphakathi bagcizelela uchungechunge lwe- izincomo ezisebenzayo zokuphila kwansuku zonke uma nje igagasi elibandayo liqhubeka. Nakuba eziningi zazo zibonakala zinengqondo, ukuzilandela kwenza umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezibucayi kakhulu zesiqephu.
Ekhaya, kuyalulekwa gcina umthombo wokushisa uvuliwe Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, qinisekisa ukuthi i-insulation iyasebenza kahle ngokuvala iminyango namafasitela ukuze kuvinjelwe umoya ophumayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, khumbula isidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Qaphela ngezitofu zegesi, izitofu ezishiswa ngokhuni, noma izitsha zokushisa umliloUmoya ofanele wokuvimbela ubuthi be-carbon monoxide nokunciphisa ingozi yomlilo.
Ngokuphathelene nezingubo, ochwepheshe batusa Gqoka ngezendlalelo eziningana ezincane esikhundleni sengubo eyodwa ebanzi kakhuluIzingqimba zibamba umoya ofudumele kangcono futhi zikuvumela ukuthi ulungise uboya bakho uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ikhanda lakho, izandla, nezinyawo, izindawo lapho umzimba ulahlekelwa khona ukushisa ngokushesha.
Kugcizelelwa futhi ukuthi hlela uhamboNgaphambi kokuhamba ekhaya, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola isimo sezulu, ugweme ukuma isikhathi eside ngaphandle, bese uhamba ngokucophelela. vimbela ukushelela nokuwa ezindaweni ezineqhwaUma kungabalulekile, kunconywa ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle ngezikhathi ezibandayo kakhulu.
Ukudla kanye nemikhuba yokuphila nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi gcina ukudla okunomsocoNgokudla okushisayo nokwanele, qiniseka ukuthi umanzi ngokwanele futhi ube nemithi eyanele ekhaya izinsuku eziningana. Ukuphuza utshwala, nakuba kungase kubangele umuzwa wesikhashana wokufudumala, Akukhuthazwa ngoba kukhuthaza ukulahleka kokushisa komzimba. futhi ekugcineni kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kokushisa komzimba.
Ukuvikelwa kwamaqembu asengozini kanye nezinsiza ezitholakalayo
Enye yezinto eziza kuqala kubaphathi baseMadrid phakathi naleli gagasi elibandayo yi- ukuvikelwa kwabantu abasengozini kakhuluNgenxa yalokhu, ukubambisana phakathi kwezinsizakalo zezempilo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nezinsizakusebenza zikamasipala kuqinisiwe, kugxilwe kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile abahlala bodwa kanye nalabo abangenazo izindlu ezanele.
Izinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nabantu abangenamakhaya ziye umthamo owandisiwe wezindawo zokukhosela kanye nezinsiza eziphuthumayoinikeza indawo yokukhosela, izingubo zokulala, izingubo ezifudumele, kanye nokudla okushisayo. Umgomo uwukuthi kungabikho muntu ochitha ubusuku ngaphandle ngezinsuku ezibandayo kakhulu.
Okwamanje, izikhungo zezempilo kanye nezibhedlela zigcina ukubhekwa okuthuthukisiwe kwamacala ahlobene nomkhuhlaneLokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kuya ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukuwa emigwaqweni yomphakathi, okuvamile lapho kwakheka iqhwa emigwaqweni nasezindleleni zokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Imindeni enabantu asebekhulile noma abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona abanakekelwayo ithola iseluleko esivela ku- hlola njalo inhlalakahle yabathandekayo bakhoKungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuvakasha, izingcingo, noma ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana, ukubahlola ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ikhaya labo ligcinwa lisezingeni lokushisa elifanele, ukuthi banezingubo ezifudumele ezanele yini, noma ukuthi badinga usizo ngokuthenga kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Umphakathi waseMadrid ukhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ezihlobene nomkhuhlane — njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukudideka okukhulu noma ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki — kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo noma uye esikhungweni sezempilo ukuthola ukuhlolwa kobungcweti.
Kulesi simo sasebusika, ukusebenza kwesexwayiso samagagasi abandayo eMphakathini waseMadrid kuhambisana ne- ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbelaUlwazi oluqhubekayo kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe kulabo abaludinga kakhulu, ngenhloso yokudlula kulesi siqephu samazinga okushisa aphansi ngendlela ephephile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kungabi nomthelela omkhulu empilweni nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu.
