Wake wazibuza sinjani isimo sezulu se-polar? Siyazi ukuthi kumakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha, ukuthi indawo imbozwe yiqhwa isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, kodwa... kungani lokhu? Yimaphi amazinga okushisa angempela aphansi naphezulu aqoshwe ezindaweni ezinalolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu?
Kulesi esikhethekile ngizokutshela konke mayelana nesimo sezulu se-polar, kubanda kakhulu okukhona eMhlabeni.
Izici zesimo sezulu se-polar
Isimo sezulu se-polar sibonakala cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sinaso amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-0ºC, ukwazi ukufika kuze kube -93ºC (eNyakatho Pole), ngoba imisebe yelanga ifika ithambekele kakhulu maqondana nobuso bomhlaba. Imvula iyindlala kakhulu, umswakama ohlobene uphansi kakhulu futhi umoya uvunguza ngamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-97km / h, ngakho-ke ukuhlala lapha cishe akunakwenzeka (yize, njengoba sizobona ngezansi, kunezilwane ezithile nezitshalo ezikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nale ndawo enobutha).
Ilanga emapalini likhanya lingaphazanyiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha (entwasahlobo nasehlobo). Lezi zinyanga zaziwa ngegama lika »Usuku lwePolar». Kepha kwezinye eziyisithupha (ekwindla nasebusika) ihlala ifihliwe, yingakho yaziwa njenge »Ubusuku Bepolar». Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kanjani ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ithinta lezi zici.
Isibonelo segrafu yesimo sezulu se-polar
I-Climograph yaseSvalbard, iqoqo leziqhingi elitholakala e-Arctic Ocean
Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono wokuthi isimo sezulu esishisayo sinjani kulezi zifunda zomhlaba, ake sicabangele umdwebo wesimo sezulu waseSvalbard, iqoqo leziqhingi elitholakala e-Arctic Ocean. Inyanga enemvula kakhulu ngu-Agasti, enemvula engaba ngu-25mm, futhi eyome kakhulu nguMeyi, enemvula engaba ngu-15mm; Okushisa kakhulu nokho nguJuni, nezinga lokushisa elingu-6-7ºC, futhi elibanda kunawo wonke nguJanuwari, nge -16ºC. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukuluqonda imiphumela yesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Itholakala kuphi?
Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kunezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezibandayo, phakathi kuka-65º no-90º inyakatho neningizimu eningizimu, okuyizindawo I-North Pole futhi i ISouth Pole. Kweyokuqala, sithola i-Arctic Circle, kanti okwesibili, i-Antarctic Circle. Kodwa kwezinye izindawo eziphakeme zezintaba, njengeziqongo zezintaba ze-Himalaya, i-Andes, noma izintaba zase-Alaska, kunesimo sezulu esicishe sifane kakhulu nesimo sezulu esishisayo, yingakho ngokuvamile sihlanganiswa emifanekisweni yezwe yesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi lezi zindawo zithinteka kanjani izimo zamanje ze- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu se-polar
Nakuba singase sicabange ukuthi kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesimo sezulu esishisayo, empeleni sihlukaniswe kabili:
- I-Tundra: yileyo lapho uhlaza lungakhuli kakhulu; Iningi lazo amakhambi akhula kancane. Njengoba sisondela ezindingilizini ezimaphakathi, sithola indawo ecishe ingabi nazo izimbali. Izitshalo nezilwane eziningana zihlala lapha, njengebhere elimhlophe, nalo elithintekayo ushintsho endaweni yabo.
- Iqhwa noma iqhwa: ihambisana nobude obungaphezu kuka-4.700m. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu: njalo lingaphansi kwama-degree angu-0.
Isimo sezulu e-Antarctica
Kakhulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu aqoshwa e-Antarctica. Isimo sezulu sase-tundra senzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini naseNhlonhlweni yase-Antarctic, ngezinga lokushisa lasehlobo eliphakathi kuka-0 degrees Celsius, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lasebusika lingehla liye ku-83 degrees Celsius noma libe ngaphansi ngisho nangaphansi. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ngu -17ºC. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela lokho I-Antarctica inesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu engatholi imisebe eminingi yelanga, futhi, kuze kufike kuma-90% alo kuboniswa yiqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela indawo ekushiseni. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Antarctica ibizwa "ngesiqandisi Somhlaba."
Isimo sezulu e-Arctic
Isimo sezulu e-Arctic siqine kakhulu, kepha hhayi ngokweqile njenge-Antarctic. Ubusika buyabanda kakhulu, ngamazinga okushisa angahle aye ku -45ºC, kuze kufike nakuye -68ºC. Ehlobo, elithatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi, izinga lokushisa liba mnandi kakhulu ngo-10°C. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokufunda isimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nokuqhathanisa kwayo nezinye izindawo.
Umswakama uphansi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwasehlobo ezindaweni ezisogwini. Izinga lokushisa unyaka wonke libanda kakhulu, futhi amanzi awahwamuki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvula iyindlala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
Izimbali zomhlaba
Izimbali ezibandayo zibonakala ngokuba nosayizi omncane impela. Umoya uvunguza ngamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala eduze komhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha akulula, ngoba ihlala ibanda cishe unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla bezingakwazi ukuqhubeka ziphile, ngakho-ke umhlaba omncane izitshalo ezingahlala kuwo ukoloniwe ngawo ubulembu, ubulembu y khuhla. Lapha, isimo sezulu siyinselele eqhubekayo yezitshalo.
Imifino ingatholakala kuphela ku-tundra, njengoba ezingwadule ezimhlophe ezifundeni zeqhwa izimo azifanelekile ukuphila. Lokhu kubonisa indlela i- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ithinta lezi zifunda.
Izilwane ezibandayo
Izilwane ezibandayo zibonakala ngokuba nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuzivikela emakhazeni amakhulu. Ukufeza lokhu, bathathe amafomu ahlukene, ngokwesibonelo: Kukhona ezinye ezinejazi eliminyene futhi ziqongelela amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba; Kukhona abanye abakha imigudu noma amagalari angaphansi komhlaba, futhi kukhona nabanye abakhetha ukufuduka.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezimele kakhulu sine amabhere polar, okuyisilwane esikhulu kakhulu esincelisayo e-Arctic, i- lobo, the musk inkabi, noma imbuzi yeqhwa. Kukhona nezilwane zasemanzini, njenge ama-focas, Impisi yolwandle, noma oshaka, njenge ISomniosus microcephalus ezidla amabhere amhlophe. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi lezi zilwane zithonywa kanjani imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Futhi ngalokhu siyaphela. Ubucabangani ngemininingwane yesimo sezulu se-polar?