Eminyakeni yamuva, i Isomiso sesizenzele sona njengenye yezinsongo zomhlaba wonke, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nomnotho womhlaba. Kusukela ngo-2023, izifunda emhlabeni wonke ziye zaba neziqephu zesomiso esiqhubekayo imiphumela yobuntu, ezomnotho kanye nemvelo engakaze ibonwe ngokwemibiko edidiyelwe izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-UN, i-Convention to Combat Desertification, nezikhungo zesayensi ezikhethekile.
Ochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe bagcizelela ubucayi besimoUkushoda kwamanzi akusesona okwesikhashana noma okwendawo, kodwa sekuphenduke usongo olungapheli oluthuthuka buthule futhi luthinta kokubili amazwe athuthukile kanye nemiphakathi esengozini. Imiphumela ayithinteli ezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokukhiqizwa kwamandla, impilo yomphakathi, nokuzinza komphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Izifunda ezithintekile: umthelela ongalingani kanye nemiphumela eqhubekayo
Umbiko womhlaba wonke olungiswe yiSikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokulwa Nesomiso sase-US (i-NDMC), i-UN kanye ne-International Drought Resilience Partnership (IDRA) ugxile kakhulu I-Afrika, isigodi saseMedithera, iLatin America kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Asia njengezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwe Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-90 eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika basengozini yendlala noma yokufuduka ngenxa yenhlanganisela yesomiso nezingxabano. Emazweni anjenge IsiZulu, isivuno sommbila esiyisisekelo sehle ngo-70%, kuyilapho Zambia ibe nokwehla okukhulu emifuleni yayo, okudale ukunqamuka kukagesi okukhulu ngenxa yokushoda kokugeleza kwezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwenza isomiso sibe nzima kakhulu.
Ku isitsha se-MediterraneanImiphumela iye yabonakala ekulahlekeni kwezitshalo—ngokwehla ngo-50% kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela we-olive eSpain—, ukuncipha kwezinombolo zemfuyo eMorocco, nokuvela kwama-sinkholes eTurkey ngenxa yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yamanzi. ENingizimu Yurophu naseNyakatho Afrika Baphinde bahlushwa amagagasi okushisa angokomlando kanye nokwehla okukhulu kweziqiwi zamanzi, okubeka engcupheni ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokwenyusa amanani entengo yemikhiqizo eyisisekelo.
En Latin AmericaI-Amazon ibe nokwehla okungokomlando kokugeleza kwemifula, okunemiphumela emibi kakhulu yezemvelo nezenhlalo njengokufa kwenqwaba yezinhlanzi namahlengethwa asengozini, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kwamanzi okuphuza. Ezokuthutha nezohwebo emhlabeni wonke kuthinteke ngenxa yokuncipha kwezimoto ezihamba ngePanama Canal, okuyisizinda esibalulekile sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe olwandle, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Izinguquko ezimweni zendawo zithinta ukwakheka kwamafu nemvula..
El ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia I-United States nayo ayikaphunyuki kule nkinga: ukukhiqizwa kwezilimo eziyinhloko njengerayisi, ushukela, nekhofi kwehle kakhulu, okukhuphula amanani futhi kwabhebhethekisa izinkinga zokuvikeleka kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kukasawoti emanzini olwandle njengeMekong kuye kwashiya izinkulungwane zemikhaya zingenamanzi okuphuza.
I-El Niño nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: izimbangela zesomiso esibi kakhulu
Enye yezinto ezidale ubunzima besomiso sakamuva yi ukuqondana kwesenzakalo se-El Niño nokufudumala kwembulunga yonkeNgo-2023 no-2024, amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke afinyelela izinga eliphezulu, andisa izikhathi ezomile futhi andisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi enhlabathini nasemachibini. Lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile izitshalo ezivele zisengozini kanye nemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kushintsha imijikelezo yemvula futhi kukhuthaze ukuvela kwezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu, ezifana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izikhukhula zemvula," ukushintsha okungazelelwe phakathi kwesomiso esibi kakhulu nezikhukhula, okwenza kube nzima ngezolimo ukuzivumelanisa nokuphatha imithombo yemvelo. I-anticyclone kanye nomthelela wayo ekomeni namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Imiphumela yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho: abasengozini kakhulu, abathinteka kakhulu
La Inkinga yesomiso inomthelela ongalingani kakhulu emphakathiniAbesifazane, izingane, abalimi abaziphilisa ngokuziphilisa, nasebekhulile baphakathi kwamaqembu asengozini kakhulu. EMpumalanga Afrika, ukwanda kwemishado ephoqelelwe, ikakhulukazi yamantombazane, kuhlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa izinsiza zomnotho emindenini ethintekile. Ukwanda kokungondleki kanye namazinga okuyeka isikole nakho kuye kwaphawulwa.
Izingozi zempilo ziyanda ngokuqubuka kwezifo ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukungondleki kahle, nokungakwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngasohlangothini lwezemvelo, ukufa kwezilwane zasendle kuyethusa: kusukela ezindlovu eZimbabwe kuya amahlengethwa emifuleni e-Amazon kanye nezimvubu eBotswana, isomiso sisongela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Imiphumela yezomnotho nayo ibalulekile. Izindleko zesomiso ziphindeke kabili kusukela ngo-2000 futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi zizokhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-110 kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo. Phakathi kokulahlekelwa okuphawuleka kakhulu ukwehla komkhiqizo wezolimo, ukunqamuka kukagesi, ukukhuphuka kwentengo yempahla, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu kwingqalasizinda nempilo yomphakathi.
