Isomiso esidalwe wukuguquka kwesimo sezulu sithinta amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, kulawo mazwe athuthukile kancane futhi asengozini enkulu, iyawathinta ngendlela eyonakalisa kakhulu.
ESomalia, babalelwa ku-196 abantu abashonile ngenxa yesomiso kuze kube manje kulo nyaka ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi. I-UN Office for Humanitarian Coordination (OCHA) isixwayise ngobunzima besomiso futhi iziphathimandla ziphoqeleke ukuthi zimemezele isimo "senhlekelele kazwelonke".
Isomiso esibi sishaye iSomalia
Isimo eSomalia siyethusa. Isomiso siholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu amanani amanzi, okwenza lo mthombo obalulekile ube yivelakancane entulekayo. Imiphakathi iphoqeleke ukuthi isebenzise imithombo yamanzi eyingozi, lapho amanzi awaphuzeki noma engelashwa. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola izifo ezifana nesifo sohudo kanye nesifo sohudo, okuyizinkinga esezikhungethe isibalo esikhulu sabantu.
Njengoba kufe abantu abangu-196 ezifundeni eziyishumi nanye zezwe kanye nabantu abangaphezu kuka-7,900 abahlaselwe yisifo sohudo, ama-alamu akhale. Iziphathimandla zimemezele isimo senhlekelele kuzwelonke emzamweni wokulawula lesi simo esibucayi sobuntu, isimo esibonisa lokho okwenzeka ezweni. isomiso eSomalia 2023. Le nkinga inezela ku- isomiso eKenya, nayo eye yamemezela inhlekelele yemvelo.
Ukushoda kwamanzi nokwanda kwezifo
Ngokusho kweziphathimandla zaseSomalia, isimo siya ngokuba sibi nsuku zonke. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ababhekana nazo ukuvinjelwa ukufinyelela kuzo usizo lokusiza abantu, ephazanyiswa ukuba khona kweqembu lamaphekula laseSomalia i-Al Shabab, elilawula izindawo ezinkulu eningizimu namaphakathi nezwe. Leli qembu selikwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukulethwa kosizo emiphakathini ethinteke kakhulu, okushiye imindeni eminingi inesidingo esikhulu.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi nxazonke 3 million abantu baseSomalia izoba sesimweni esiphuthumayo sokudla, isimo esibonakala singathuthuki. Ngokusho kwe-UN, isomiso esishubile esibhalwe ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula sinciphise a 70% ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezinye izindawo zesifunda, okufana nalokho okubikwa kwezinye izindawo ze Uphondo lwase-Afrika. Lokhu kuholela ekwenyukeni kwamanani entengo kanye nendlala engenzeka esongela impilo yabantu bonke, ikakhulukazi amaqembu asengozini kakhulu njengezingane kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Le nkinga yokudla iye yaholela ekwandeni kwabantu abafudukela kwamanye amazwe, imindeni eminingi iphoqeleka ukuba ishiye amakhaya ayofuna izimo ezingcono zokuphila. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufuduka kubuye kube nezingozi, njengoba ababaleki bebhekana nezimo ezinonya emakamu okufuduka okwesikhashana, lapho ukuntuleka kwezinsiza nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okwanele kuyethusa. Lesi simo siyefana nesamanye amazwe amaningi akhungethwe isomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi kanjani Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwabantu.
Umthelela ezinganeni kanye nekusasa laseSomalia
Ngaphezu kwalokho 1.4 million izingane ESomalia, cishe ingxenye yabantu bakuleliya lizwe abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ilinganiselwa ukuthi isengcupheni yokungondleki ngenxa yesomiso esikhona. Lesi sibalo esishaqisayo sibonisa ubucayi besimo futhi sibeka engcupheni ikusasa lezwe lonke, lapho izingane kufanele zivikelwe futhi zikhuliswe ngokwanele. Izinhlangano ezisiza abantu zibhekene nenselelo enkulu ngenxa yenkinga yokudla eSomalia.
Umthelela emiphakathini yabelusi uyakhathaza kakhulu. Imindeni eyasuswa yayiswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni iyofuna amanzi nokudla ijoyina Abantu abayizigidi ze-2.9 asebevele basuswa yizingxabano nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukufuduka okunjalo akukona nje kuphela ukusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokudla, kodwa futhi kungadala ukungezwani emiphakathini esingethe yona, esivele idonsa kanzima ukuze iphile. Izibalo ezishaqisayo zezingane ezithintwe yi- isomiso eMauritania khombisa isithombe esifanayo esifundeni.
Izinhlangano ezisiza abantu, njenge-UNICEF kanye ne-Doctors Without Borders, zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukunciphisa umthelela wale nkinga. Benza a ucingo oluphuthumayo emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kwandiswe usizo lokusiza abantu, njengoba usuku ngalunye oludlula ngaphandle kosizo oludingekayo lusho ukulahleka kwezimpilo eziningi kanye nokuhlupheka okwengeziwe kubantu kakade osebezowa.
Ukuxoshwa kwabantu ngenkani kanye nomzabalazo wezinsiza
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukufuduka ngenkani ngenxa yesomiso sekuholele ekutheni isibalo esikhulayo sabantu sifune ukukhosela. Ezindaweni eziningi, imiphakathi esusiwe ihlanganiswa ndawonye amakamu esikhashana, lapho ukuntuleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo, njengamanzi ahlanzekile nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kungaphezu kwamandla. Lesi simo senyuse ukuba sengozini kwemindeni eswele kakhulu, okumele yakhe kabusha izimpilo zayo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Njengoba isomiso siqhubeka, ukungqubuzana kwezinsiza ezishodayo kuyaqina. Kulo mongo, ukungqubuzana kwezikhali kusaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga. Umthelela we-Al-Shabab ezindaweni ezithile uholele ekwenyukeni kokungavikeleki futhi kwakhinyabeza umsebenzi wezinhlangano ezisiza abantu, ezilwela ukunikeza usizo kulabo abaludinga kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono inkinga yobuntu ebhekene ne ukulwa nesomiso kwamanye amazwe, kubalulekile ukubukeza ulwazi ngesihloko.
Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengesizinda, izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu njengesomiso nezikhukhula zimiselwe ukuthi zibe yinto entsha evamile esifundeni. Lokhu kuletha inselelo enkulu emiphakathini yendawo, ikakhulukazi leyo ethembele kuyo Ezolimo kanye nemfuyo njengendlela yokuziphilisa.
Nakuba imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ibalulekile, kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuthi kubhekwe imiphumela esheshayo yesomiso, kubhekwane nakho kokubili ukuphepha kokudla njengokuthola amanzi okuphuza. Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kumele zisebenze ngokubambisana nohulumeni waseSomalia ukuze kuqaliswe izixazululo ezisimeme ezingagcini nje ngokuxazulula inkinga ekhona kodwa futhi ziqinise amakhono emiphakathi okubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo zesimo sezulu. Okwakamuva qwashisa ngenhlekelele yesimo sezulu igcizelela ukuphuthuma kwalezi zenzo.
Ukugqugquzela imfundo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuthuthukisa ezolimo esimeme kumele kube yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi isu lokulwa nemiphumela emibi yesomiso kanye nokukhuthaza inhlalakahle yabantu abaningi. Njengoba kushiwo kwezinye izindatshana, abalimi badinga ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe ukuze bazivumelanise nalezi zinhlekelele, njengoba kuchazwe ku-athikili ka-. ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezolimo.
Kuphoqelekile ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ungayeki ukuqapha lapho ubhekene nenkinga ebhekene neSomalia. Izinhlangano eziningi kanye nohulumeni bamazwe acebile banomthwalo wemfanelo wokweseka amazwe afana neSomalia, athinteke ngokulinganayo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu naphezu kokuba negalelo elincane ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni.
Ukuhlanganisa izinsiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo ezinamandla zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, kuzobaluleka ukusiza ukulwa nesomiso eSomalia. Ukudalwa kwe-a isikhwama samazwe ngamazwe ukuze kulungiswe isimo sezulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kungaba elinye lamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe usizo oludingwa abantu baseSomalia ngokushesha. Lokhu ngeke kubasize nje kuphela ukuba banqobe inkinga ekhona manje, kodwa futhi kuzobavumela ukuba bahlelele ikusasa eliphephile nelisimeme, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele izimo ezifanayo ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke esikhathini esizayo.
Izibonelo zezinhlelo eziyimpumelelo kwezinye izifunda kufanele zifundwe futhi zisetshenziswe, zijwayezwe namaqiniso asendaweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo kanye nezinqubo zezolimo ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi zandise ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufinyeleleka ngokulinganayo kwezinsiza kanye nosizo lobuntu kuyakhuthazwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukuthi eminye imiphakathi ingasali ngemuva kuyilapho eminye ithola usizo.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibucayi kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo sosizo lwabantu oPhondweni lwe-Afrika, ukusekelwa kweSomalia akumele kube nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuqhubeke futhi kuzinikele. Kuphela ngokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nobumbano lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona ikusasa elinethemba neliqinile kuleli zwe elibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu.
Ukulwa nesomiso kuwumsebenzi odinga ukubambisana kwabadlali abaningi, okuhlanganisa ohulumeni, ama-NGO, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe jikelele. Amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuqina kufanele akhuthazwe, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezibalulekile ezifana namanzi nokudla. Isibopho sokwenza okuthile akuweli kubaholi bezombusazwe kuphela, kodwa nakulowo nalowo kithi njengezakhamuzi zomhlaba.
Inkinga yesomiso eSomalia, ebangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokungazinzi, idinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo nokuphuthumayo ukuze kuvinjelwe inhlekelele enkulu yobuntu.
