Iqhwa lase-Arctic liyancibilika ngezinga elishaqisayo, futhi ithemba lokunyamalala kwalo ngokuphelele emashumini eminyaka ezayo liba ngokoqobo ngokwandayo. Lesi simo sihlobene ngokuqondile nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okuthinta iqhwa elintanta e-Arctic Ocean nezilwandle ezizungezile. Isimo sibucayi kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ekuqaleni: hhayi kuphela iqhwa elincane, elineminyaka embalwa kuphela ubudala, elithintekayo, kodwa Iqhwa elidala nalo lisengozini yokushabalala.
Ukulinganisa ubukhulu beqhwa lase-Arctic kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha enembile. Ukubhekana nalolu daba, abacwaningi be-NASA basebenzise indlela yokuhlaziya entsha eyakhiwe yi-University of Colorado, evumela ukuthi iqhwa ligadwe kusukela ku-1984 kuze kube manje. Lokhu kuhlaziya kufaka phakathi ukukalwa kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene, njengezinga lokushisa, usawoti, ukuthungwa nokujiya kongqimba lweqhwa elimboze iqhwa, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-microwave ye-satellite passive. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, bheka ukuthi kanjani ukuncibilika kweqhwa e-Arctic ithinta ezinye izifunda zeplanethi.
Besebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ososayensi baye benza upopayi obonisa ukukhula nokufinyela kweqhwa lase-Arctic eminyakeni engu-32 edlule, okubonisa ngokusobala umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inani leqhwa e-Arctic alihlali njalo. Unyaka ngamunye liyakhula ebusika futhi liyehla ngesikhathi sasehlobo, umjikelezo ongokwemvelo. Iqhwa elisinda ebusika lingakhula kakhulu: eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala lingakhula ngamamitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-3, kanti iqhwa elidala kakhulu lingafinyelela ubukhulu obungamamitha angu-4. Lokhu iqhwa elidala kunawo wonke Ngokuvamile imelana kakhulu nemithelela yamagagasi neziphepho; Nokho, ayivikelekile emazingeni okushisa akhuphukayo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezimo zeqhwa, ungafunda mayelana nokuthi kanjani Iqhwa lase-Arctic nalo liyancibilika ebusika.
Umcwaningi we-NASA Goddard Ice uWalt Meier uthe iningi leqhwa elidala lase-Arctic lilahlekile. Ngo-1980, iqhwa leminyaka eminingi laba ngaphezu kwama-20% wesamba sesembozo seqhwa. Nokho, namuhla, leli phesenti lehle kakhulu laya ku-3%. Uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka, i-Arctic kungenzeka ibe nehlobo elingenaqhwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, okungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele endaweni ezungezile. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela wokulahleka kwaleli qhwa, kufanelekile ukufunda mayelana imiphumela yokuncibilika e-Arctic.
Ubufakazi Bokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu
Izithombe nedatha eqoqwe yi-NASA iveza umthelela ongenakuphikwa wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ividiyo ekhishwe yile nhlangano ikhombisa ukuthi iqhwa e-Arctic Ocean linciphe kanjani kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule. Ngo-September 1984, iqhwa elidala kunawo wonke lalimboze cishe Amakhilomitha skwele, kodwa ngo-2016 leso sibalo sase sehlile saba nje Amakhilomitha skwele. Lokhu kuncibilika akukhathazi nje ngenxa yenani leqhwa elilahlekile, kodwa nangenxa yekhwalithi yalo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela wokuncibilika, thintana ne-.
Lesi simo sokuncibilika siwumphumela we- amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nehlobo, isikhathi lapho iqhwa elidala, okufanele libe likhulu futhi limelane nokuncibilika, liya lisongelwa. Manje, isembozo seqhwa sasolwandle sesikhulu kakhulu engozini yokufudumala kokubili kusuka emkhathini nasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- ukuncibilika kwe-Arctic permafrost Iphinde iphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-methane evalelekile engakhishelwa emvelweni.
Iqiniso elithusayo liwukuthi unyaka ngamunye odlulayo, iqhwa lasolwandle i-Arctic alinciphi nje endaweni, kodwa futhi liba lincane futhi libe lincane. Lesi simo sidala umjikelezo ononya ophinde wenze kube nzima ukutholakala kweqhwa, njengoba iqhwa elincanyana lincibilika ngokushesha, libe nomthelela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okushisa embulunga yonke. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalo mjikelezo, ungafunda ukuthi kanjani Ukuncibilika kweqhwa e-Southern Ocean kungase kuthinte ukwakheka kwamafu.
I-NASA Observations kanye Nemiphumela
I-NASA ibifunda ngokuvela kweqhwa lase-Arctic isebenzisa amasu amasha ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi baye benza indlela yokulandelela ukuhamba kweqhwa njengoba lihamba olwandle, okuvumela ososayensi ukuba balandele umkhondo weqhwa kuze kube yilapho lincibilika noma lisuka e-Arctic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya kuhlanganisa ukukala izinga lokushisa lokukhanya eliphuma eqhweni lolwandle. Lesi silinganiso, esithonywa izinga lokushisa, usawoti kanye nokuthungwa, sinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yeqhwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izilinganiso eziqondile zokujiya kweqhwa azivamile, okuholela ososayensi ukuthi bathembele kuzilinganiso ezisuselwe kudatha evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ukuze baqaphe ukuvela kwayo. Lokhu kubaluleka ekuqondeni ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kweqhwa e-Arctic nokuthi lokhu kungazithinta kanjani izindawo ezikude, njengoba ungafunda esihlokweni mayelana Ukuthi ukuncibilika kwe-Arctic kuyithinta kanjani iSpain.
Ukulahleka kweqhwa e-Arctic kuyinkomba ecacile yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Idatha eqoqwe yi-NASA kusukela izilinganiso zesathelayithi zaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970 zibonisa ukuthi izinguquko esifundeni cishe azikaze zibe khona okungenani eminyakeni eyi-1000. Ingxenye yeqhwa yeminyaka eminingi ilinganiselwa ukuthi yehle cishe ngo-90%, okubonisa uguquko olumangalisayo oluya eqhweni elincane, elingaqinile kangako.
Iqhwa lase-Arctic alincibiliki nje kuphela, kodwa liphinde libe nenguquko engaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele esimweni sezulu seplanethi. Ukunyamalala kweqhwa lasolwandle akuthinti nje kuphela izilwane nezitshalo zakulesi sifunda, njengoba kuye kwaphawulwa kumabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela esimweni sezulu somhlaba wonke ngoba iqhwa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga okushisa eplanethi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobungozi obubangelwa lokhu, ungafunda mayelana ingozi yokuncibilika kwe-Antarctica esintwini.
