Esinye sezici zamandla asemkhathini yimimoya yezohwebo. Zibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka ngenxa yokuthi ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuzulazuleni kwemikhumbi ehamba ngoseyili. Kodwa-ke, ababaningi abantu abazi Iyini imimoya yokuhweba. Namuhla, abantu abaningi basaluthola uthando lwabo lokuhamba ngomkhumbi ngenxa yemimoya yohwebo, evunguza phakathi kwe-Ecuador nezindawo ezishisayo. Zivunguza zisuka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu futhi zitholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi imimoya yokuhweba iyini, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iyini imimoya yokuhweba
Imimoya yezohwebo yimisinga yomoya evunguza cishe njalo ehlobo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ayijwayelekile ebusika. Ithonya lalo livela phakathi kwenkabazwe nezindawo ezishisayo, futhi ubude benyakatho-ningizimu bufinyelela cishe ku-30º. Ziyimimoya enamandla aphakathi nendawo, enejubane lomoya elijwayelekile elilinganiselwa ku-20 km / h.
Ngenxa yamandla azo angabhubhisi nokuzinza okubonakala sengathi ehlobo, anomlando obalulekile ngoba avumela ukuba khona kwemizila ebalulekile yokuhweba olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza kube lula ukuwela uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic ukuya e-United States. Owokuqala ukwakha imephu enemininingwane yemimoya yokuhweba kanye nezimvula ezinamandla kwakungu-Edmund Halley, owashicilela imephu ngo-1686 ocwaningweni esebenzisa idatha evela kubasolwandle bezentengiselwano baseBrithani.
Imimoya yokuhweba ukushaya kusuka eNE (empumalanga esenyakatho-mpumalanga) enyakatho yezwe kuya e-SW (eningizimu-ntshonalanga) engxenyeni engenhla yomhlaba, bese ushaya usuka e-SE (eningizimu-mpumalanga) uye eNW (enyakatho-ntshonalanga) ezansi komhlaba, okungukuthi, eningizimu yezwe. Ukuqondiswa kwayo ukuthambekele kungenxa yomphumela weCoriolis, obangela ukujikeleza komhlaba kuthinte izinto ezihambayo futhi kuguqule ukuhamba kwazo ngokuhlukile kuye ngenkabazwe lapho zikuyo.
Ukwakhiwa kwemimoya yokuhweba
Umsuka wemimoya yohwebo usekutheni imisebe yelanga ishisa kanjani izingxenye ezihlukene zomhlaba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwemimoya yokuhweba ifinyezwa ngezansi:
- Ngoba imisebe yelanga inomthelela omkhulu ngesikhathi somthelela ogcwele, okungukuthi, ngokuma, i-equator yoMhlaba ithola ukushisa okukhulu, kunokuba kuyimbangela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngokuqondene nemimoya yezohwebo, lapho ukushisa kwelanga kwehlela emhlabeni nasemanzini asenkabazwe, ukushisa ekugcineni kuzobuyela emoyeni ongaphezulu ngamanani amakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kushise kakhulu. Lo moya uyanweba futhi wehlise ukuminyana kwabantu lapho ufudunyezwa, ube lula, bese uvuka.
- Njengoba umoya oshisayo ukhuphuka, umoya obandayo ovela ezindaweni ezishisayo uyogcwalisa isikhala.
- Ngokuphambene nalokho, umoya oshisayo okhuphuka eduze kwenkabazwe uhambela ebangeni elingama-30º, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungakanani umhlaba.
- Ngesikhathi ifinyelela kuleli qophelo, umoya omningi usupholile ngokwanele ukuthi wehlele ezingeni elingaphezulu, kwakheke iluphu evaliwe ebizwa ngebhethri leHadley.
- Nokho, akuwona wonke umoya ozophola futhi. Ucezu luyashiswa futhi futhi lugeleza lubheke ebhethri leFerrer elitholakala phakathi kuka-30º no-60º lobubanzi, bese liqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili ezigxotsheni.
- Umphumela weCoriolis uyimbangela yokuthi le mimoya ayishayi mpo kodwa ibophezele, futhi Isizathu esenza umbono wakho ema-hemispheres amabili uguqulwe kancane.
Futhi, iphoyinti lokuhlangana lemimoya yokuhweba yama-hemispheres amabili, noma indawo encane phakathi kwawo, ibizwa nge-ITCZ, indawo yokuhlangana eshisayo. Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kubagibeli bezikebhe ngoba inengcindezi ephansi nokuvuselelwa okuningi. Izimvula ezinamandla ezingena ngezikhathi ezithile zivame kakhulu futhi indawo ezihlala kuyo ishintsha njalo ngokuguquguquka kwesisindo somoya.
Lapho bekhona
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imimoya yezohwebo ikhiqizwa kuyo yonke insimu, kufaka phakathi indawo ephakathi kwe-equator kanye ne-30 degrees latitude latitude. Lokhu kuthinte amazwe amaningi. Iziqhingi zaseCanary zinomoya wokuhweba, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yesimo sezulu salezi ziqhingi zaseSpain. Ebusika, azizange zithinteke ngenxa yemiphumela yokuzinzisa ye-anticyclone e-Azores. Indawo yayo eseduze neTropic of Cancer kanye nezici zayo zomhlaba kuyinikeza isimo sezulu esomile esishisayo ehloboYize kukude, kuyafana noLwandle iMedithera.
Futhi banamathonya abalulekile emazweni afana neVenezuela, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, neCosta Rica, wonke avela ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi anesimo sezulu esiyinkimbinkimbi esivumela ukungena kwemimoya yokuhweba. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ethile kanye nezinkathi zonyaka. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi simo somkhathi ongathintana ngaso umcimbi weLa Niña, okuthinta nezimo zezulu.
Khumbula ukuthi yize imimoya yokuhweba nezimvula zihlobene kakhulu, zikude kakhulu futhi akufanele zidideke. Imimoya yezohwebo imimoya emnene futhi engaguquguquki njalo, kuyilapho izikhukhula ziyimimoya enezivunguvungu ezinamandla zonyaka ezikhipha imvula enkulu.
I-Azores anticyclone
I-anticyclone e-Azores inikezwe lelo gama ngesizathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idlala indima ikakhulukazi esifundeni i-Atlantic lapho kutholakala khona lezi ezinye iziqhingi, okungukuthi, i-Azores. Kuya ngokufuduka kwe-anticyclone, umthelela ongaqondile wemimoya yokuhweba eCanary Islands ingahle ibe nkulu noma ibe ncane.
Ebusika, lesi siqhwaga esiseduze kakhulu sisondele kakhulu eziqhingini zaseCanary. Lokhu kuholela ekusimeni okukhulu kanye nemimoya yokuhweba engaphansi. Ngakho-ke, umoya obandayo awunamphumela omncane kulezi ziqhingi. Lesi ngesinye sezici eziyisisekelo zokugcina isimo sezulu esimnandi nesifudumele ngenkathi ebandayo.
Ehlobo, i-anticyclone ihamba ngaphezu kwama-Azores. Ukuqhubeka kude ne-Canary Islands, kukhula umthelela omkhulu wemimoya yezohwebo. Ngakho-ke, imimoya yokuhweba yasehlobo ishaya kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa ngeke lenyuke.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini imimoya yokuhweba bese wehlisa izici zazo.