I-Las izibikezelo zesimo sezulu baye babhekana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sibonga inhlanganisela ubuchwepheshe obusha, amamodeli ezibalo kanye nokufakwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (IA). Nakuba izibikezelo ekuqaleni zazincike ekubhekweni okuqondile kwamaphethini esibhakabhakeni kanye nolwazi oluqoqiwe, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokuphathwa okukhulu kwedatha kuguqule indlela esilindele ngayo isimo sezulu.
Njengamanje, i- ukunemba kwezibikezelo Akubalulekile kuphela kulabo abathatha isinqumo sokuphuma nesambulela, kodwa futhi emikhakheni efana nezolimo, umhlaba, ulwandle, nezokuthutha ngomoya, ukuvimbela izinhlekelele, kanye nempilo yomphakathi imbala. Amamodeli ezibalo enza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela ukuvela kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukucindezela, imvula, nomoya ngokwethembeka okukhulu ezifundeni ezahlukene kanye nezikali zesikhathi.
I-Artificial intelligence yandisa amakhono e-meteorology
Ukufika kobuhlakani bokwenziwa imele ukweqa okukhulu ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Météo-France nezinkampani ezifana ne-Google zenze amasistimu afunda kumasethi wedatha amakhulu ukuze akhiqize. izibikezelo ezisheshayo nezinemininingwane eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, amapulatifomu afana Ilebhu Yesimo Sezulu I-Google DeepMind's manje ingalindela ukwakheka, umkhondo, kanye namandla eziphepho, okukhiqiza inqwaba yezimo ezingaba khona kuze kube amasonto amabili kusengaphambili.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-AI Bagqama ngesivinini sabo nokusebenza kahle, njengoba zidinga izinsiza zokubala ezimbalwa kunezomdabu. Nokho, zincike kakhulu kwikhwalithi nokwahlukahlukana kwedatha yokuqeqeshwa. Isici esibalulekile ukuthi, nakuba bebonisa amandla amakhulu okulindela izinto ezinkulu—njengeziphepho noma iziphepho ezinamandla—bayazabalaza ukubikezela izehlakalo ezingavamile noma ezingarekhodiwe ngaphambilini. I-AI, ngokwethembela emaphethini adlule, ingazabalaza lapho kuphakama izimo ezingakaze zibonwe emkhathini.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-ejensi amaningi wesimo sezulu Babheja ngendlela exubile, ukuhlanganisa amamodeli aphathekayo (asebenzisa imithetho ye-atmospheric physics) namathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa. Lokhu kubambisana kuthuthukisa kokubili isivinini nokunemba kwezibikezelo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu lapho ukuziphatha okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili kungase kuvele khona.
Iziteshi ezintsha namanethiwekhi omhlaba ukuthuthukisa ukuqagela
Kanye nenguquko yedijithali, i ukunwetshwa kwamanethiwekhi eziteshi zesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezinamasu isiza ekukhuliseni ukufakwa kanye nekhwalithi yedatha eqoqiwe. Enye yentuthuko yakamuva ukufakwa kweziteshi ezintsha ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela, njenge I-Mount Aconcagua e-Argentina, noma eMount Everest. Lezi zikhungo zivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kumapharamitha afana nezinga lokushisa, imisebe yelanga, ingcindezi, nomoya, ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6.500.
Ulwazi oluqoqwe yilezi ziteshi, ngokuvamile ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, lusakazwa ngesathelayithi kumanethiwekhi okuqapha umhlaba wonke. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqondwa kwezigigaba zasendaweni nezomhlaba jikelele, njenge-glacier dynamics, izimpendulo ze-ice mass ekufudumaleni, kanye nokuvela kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha idla amamodeli aqagelayo futhi ikhulisa ukuphepha kohambo kanye nezakhamuzi zasezintabeni.
Izinyathelo ezifana ne Iphrojekthi ye-Wayra Zibonisa ukuthi ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, isayensi, nobuchwepheshe kuhlangana kanjani ukuze kulindelwe kangcono izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu nomthelela wazo ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele.
Imikhawulo nezinselele ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu kwanamuhla
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili, Ukubikezela isimo sezulu kuseyinselele ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinesiphithiphithiOchwepheshe abavela ku-State Meteorological Agency baveza ukuthi kunzima ukunikeza izibikezelo ezithembekile ezinqumayo ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-4-6, futhi izibikezelo ezingenzeka azivamile ukweqa izinsuku eziyi-15 nganoma yisiphi isiqinisekiso. Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Asturias, isimo sezulu singashintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi kuwukuhlakanipha ukulungiselela noma yisiphi isimo.
Amamodeli e-Artificial intelligence afakazele ukuthi anembile ezimweni ezivamile, kodwa Uma ubhekene nezimo ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, njengeziphepho zesigaba ezingakaze zibonwe kudatha yokuqeqeshwa, zingahluleka esibikezelweni sabo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhumusha komuntu kanye nolwazi lwezazi zezulu kuhlala kungenakuthatheka ekuhlonzeni izingozi nokulungisa izixwayiso esimweni ngasinye.
Kuthuthukiswa izindlela ezixubile ezihlanganisa kokubili amandla omzimba womkhathi kanye nekhono le-AI lokubona amaphethini. Ikusasa likhomba kumamodeli aqine nakakhulu, akwazi ukulindela kangcono izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu nokuphatha ukungaqiniseki okukhona ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu.
Izicelo kanye nezinzuzo zezibikezelo eziqhubeka zinembile
La ngcono ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu Inemiphumela eqondile empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nokuhlela kwesikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Ukulima kuncike ekwazini ukuthi imvula noma isithwathwa kuzoba nini ukuze kuhlelwe isivuno. Ezokuthutha ngomoya nolwandle ziyazuza eziphephweni ezilindelekile noma imimoya enamandla. Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho iziphepho noma izikhukhula zingabikezelwa kusenesikhathi ukuze kuphume noma kuvikelwe ingqalasizinda. Ngisho nezempilo yomphakathi ziyazuza ngokulindela iziqephu zokushisa okukhulu noma ukungcola.
Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha ekhula njalo evela kumasathelayithi, iziteshi eziphansi, namamodeli athuthukile kusho ukuthi umkhawulo wephutha ezibikezelweni uyaqhubeka uncipha unyaka nonyaka. Kodwa-ke, isimo esingalindelekile somkhathi kanye nenselelo yezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu kudinga ukusungulwa okusha njalo nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi lomuntu kanye namakhono obuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Ngale ndlela, bobabili ososayensi nezakhamuzi banamathuluzi akhulayo anamandla okulindela izinguquko zesimo sezulu, ukuqonda kangcono isimo sezulu, nokuzivumelanisa nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo.
