Uma sikhuluma nge-ecosystem, sibhekisela ekusebenzelaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa kokubili izakhi eziphilayo nezingaphili. Lokhu kulinganisela kuvumela ukuba khona kwempilo njengoba sikwazi. Ngaphakathi kwalawa ma-dynamics, i izici ze-abiotic dlala indima ebalulekile. Lezi zakhi zakha imvelo ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ukuthi nomthelela ngqo izidalwa eziphilayo, ezithinta ukuphila nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwazo.
Hlukanisa phakathi kwe izici ze-abiotic futhi i-biotics iwukhiye wokuqonda ukuthi i-ecosystem isebenza kanjani. Nakuba izici ze-biotic zihlanganisa zonke izinto eziphilayo, izici ze-abiotic zihlanganisa izici ezingenasici ezifana amanzi, lo ukukhanya, lo lokushisa noma i amaminerali. Okulandelayo, sizohlaziya ngokujulile lokho abayikho, ukuthi bahlukaniswa kanjani, izici zabo kanye nomthelela wabo oqondile ku- imvelo.
Yiziphi izici ze-abiotic?
Izici ze-Abiotic yilezo zingxenye zomzimba, zamakhemikhali futhi ngokuvamile ezitholakala ku-ecosystem engaqukethe ukuphila. Nokho, ukuba khona kwayo kubalulekile ukuze kube khona nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izici ezifana ukukhanya kwelanga, the amanzi futhi i izakhamzimba umhlabathi yizici ezinquma amandla e-ecosystem ukuze kuqhubeke ukuphila.
Igama elithi "abiotic" lakhiwe izimpande ezimbili: "a-", okusho ukuthi "ngaphandle", futhi "bio", okusho "impilo." Ngakho-ke, izici ze-abiotic zihlanganisa yonke into eyenza ingxenye yemvelo engokoqobo namakhemikhali ye-ecosystem, okwenza izimo ezidingekayo ze-biotic factor (izidalwa eziphilayo) zithuthuke.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-abiotic
Phakathi kwezici eziningi ze-abiotic ezithonya i-ecosystem, ezinye zigqama indima yazo enqumayo ekulinganiseni kwemvelo. Azithinti nje kuphela ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuminyana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi zibeke ukusebenzelana kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngezansi sihlola ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: Ukukhanya kuwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla wezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Izitshalo zithembele kuwo ukuze zenze i-photosynthesis, inqubo ekhiqiza umoya-mpilo odingekayo ekuphileni.
- Amanzi: Okubalulekile kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, amanzi asebenza njengendlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthutha izakhi.
- Ithempelesha: Uhlobo ngalunye lunebanga lokushisa elifanele ukuze liphile. Izinguquko ezidlulele zingakhawulela eziphilayo kusuka ezifundeni ezithile.
- Phansi: Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kanye ne-pH kunquma ukuvunda kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingakhula endaweni.
- Ingcindezi Atmospheric: Kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo ezindaweni eziphakeme nokujula okuhlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ukuze kube lula ukufunda kwabo, izici ze-abiotic zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: izici zomzimba kanye nezici zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusivumela ukuthi sihlaziye umthelela wazo kuma-ecosystem ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Izici ezingokomzimba ze-abiotic
- Ukukhanya: Inquma imijikelezo yokuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okwengeziwe ezindaweni zasemanzini kuyathandeka ukukhula i-phytoplankton.
- Nciphisa: Izici ezinjenge kokuwa futhi ukuthambekela kwendawo kuthinta isimo sezulu, ngakho-ke, izinga lempilo yezinhlobo zezilwane.
- Umoya: Ihlobene nokuphefumula ezitshalweni kanye nokwakheka izinciphisi.
- Isimo sezulu: Inhlanganisela yezinga lokushisa, umswakama futhi ingcindezi ichaza uhlobo lwezitshalo nezilwane ezingasekelwa i-ecosystem.
Izici ze-Chemical abiotic
- I-pH yomhlabathi namanzi: I-acidity noma i-alkalinity iyisihlukanisi esiyinhloko ekusatshalalisweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
- Amaminerali: Izinto ezifana ne- football futhi i i-nitrogen zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
- Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali komoya: El isikhutha futhi i umoya-mpilo Badlala izindima eziphambene ezinqubweni zokuphefumula kanye ne-photosynthetic.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo neziphilayo
Ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem, izici ze-abiotic azenzi zodwa. Ukusebenzisana kwayo nezici ze-biotic kuhlala njalo futhi kuqondiswa kabili, okungukuthi, kuyilapho izici ze-abiotic zinquma ukusatshalaliswa kwe izidalwa eziphilayo, laba bakamuva baphinde baguqule indawo yabo.
Isibonelo, inhlabathi ethile inganothiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi we amabhaktheriya y amakhowe ezibola izinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise imisoco etholakalayo. Ngokufanayo, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma umswakama kungabangela ukufuduka wezilwane kanye noshintsho ezitshalweni zendawo.
Ukubaluleka kwezinto ze-abiotic kuma-ecosystems
Ukuziba indima yezinto eziphilayo kungaba ukunganaki isisekelo sesakhiwo sanoma iyiphi i-ecosystem. Lezi zakhi azichazi nje kuphela imikhawulo lapho izinhlobo zezilwane zingakhula khona, kodwa futhi zinesibopho se- ukuziphendukela kwemvelo eziye zavumela ukuphila kuchume e izindawo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ake sicabange ngezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi, ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo zokushisa, umswakama noma ingcindezi engavamile. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo bekungeke kube khona ngaphandle komthelela oqondile wezindawo zazo ezithile ze-abiotic.
Izici ze-Abiotic nazo zibalulekile ekuqondeni indlela imvelo esabela ngayo emithelela yabantu, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu noma ukungcola. Ngokuhlaziya lezi zici, singabikezela imiphumela yezenzo zethu futhi sisebenzele ekutholeni izixazululo ezizinzile.
Ukuxhumana okucebile phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo kuvumela i-ecosystem ukuthi ichume futhi iguquke. Ukuqonda lezi zingxenye, ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kanye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo kusinikeza umbono ophelele wempilo eplanethi yethu. Ukusuka ukukhanya kwelanga okubalulekile kuze kube amanzi okunikeza ukudla, ngayinye yalezi zakhi iyisiqephu esibalulekile kundida yemvelo.