Iziphepho zingenye yezinto zemvelo ezinomthelela kakhulu futhi ezibhubhisayo, ezikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe. Ukuqina kwayo kukalwa nge- I-Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, ithuluzi elivumela lezi zishingishane zasezindaweni ezishisayo ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amahlanu ngokuya nge isivinini somoya kanye nemithelela yayo engqalasizinda kanye nenani labantu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sikali sisebenza kanjani kubalulekile ekuhloleni i- izingozi futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma kunesiphepho. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizohlola isigaba ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe, izici zayo nemiphumela, futhi sihlaziye Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo lesi silinganiso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Siyini iSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale?
Isikali se-Saffir-Simpson sakhiwe ngo 1969 ngunjiniyela wesakhiwo u-Herbert Saffir kanye nesazi sesimo sezulu uRobert Simpson. Inhloso yawo yokuqala kwakuwukuhlukanisa iziphepho ngokwezigaba isivinini somoya kanye nokulimala okulindelekile ezakhiweni nezakhiwo.
Kusukela yethulwa esidlangalaleni ku 1973 kanye nokutholwa kwayo okwandile ku 1974, isikali sesiyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokulinganisa umfutho wesiphepho e-Atlantic nasempumalanga yePacific. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi izimo zezulu zihluka kanjani esigabeni ngasinye, ungaphinda uthintane izinhlobo zeziphepho kanye nezigaba zayo.
Ukuvela kwesikali
Ekuqaleni, isikali sasihlanganisa ulwazi ku- ukuqubuka kwesiphepho futhi i ingcindezi yasemkhathini. Noma kunjalo, ku 2009, the I-National Hurricane Centre (NHC) yenza isinqumo sokuqeda lezi zici futhi yenze kube isikali esisekelwe kuphela isivinini somoya. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokungaguquki ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwengcindezi emaphakathi, ukuqubuka kwesiphepho namandla omoya.
Ukulungiswa kamuva kwenzeka 2012, lapho ububanzi besivinini somoya se Isigaba 4 Yanwetshwa kancane, yaxazulula izinkinga zokuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanganisa ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ezihlukene. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi lezi zenzakalo zilinganiswa kanjani, ungase ube nentshisekelo kuyo ukuhlukaniswa kwesikali sesiphepho esisha.
Izigaba ezinhlanu zeziphepho
Isikali sihlukanisa izivunguvungu zibe amazinga amahlanu, nephezulu kakhulu Isigaba 1 okungenani okucekela phansi futhi Isigaba 5 okwedlulele kakhulu. Ngezansi sichaza ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe:
Isigaba 1: Imimoya ephakathi kuka-119 no-153 km/h
Kulesi sigaba, iziphepho zinemimoya enamandla ngokusesilinganisweni, kodwa zinamandla ngokwanele ukubangela umonakalo. Imiphumela eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
- Ukulimala okuncane ezakhiweni, nokulimala ophahleni kanye nokuvala.
- Izihlahla eziwile nezigxobo zikagesi, okubangela ukucisha kukagesi.
- Amagagasi aphakathi kwamamitha angu-1.2 no-1.5 ezindaweni ezisogwini, asengozini yezikhukhula ezincane.
Isigaba 2: Imimoya ephakathi kuka-154 no-177 km/h
Iziphepho kulesi sigaba zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni ezithintekile. Imiphumela evamile ihlanganisa:
- Ukucekelwa phansi kophahla, amafasitela neminyango.
- Umonakalo omkhulu ezindlini ezingomahamba nendlwana kanye nezakhiwo ezingazinzile.
- Ingozi yezikhukhula emachwebeni nasezindaweni eziphansi ezisogwini.
- Ukukhukhumala okungafika kumamitha angu-2.4, okuthinta ukuhamba kwemikhumbi kanye nogu.
Isigaba 3: Imimoya ephakathi kuka-178 no-209 km/h
Lesi yisigaba sokuqala esithathwa njengesiphepho. iMeya, enamandla amakhulu okubhubhisa. Imiphumela yayo ihlanganisa:
- Umonakalo wesakhiwo osabalele ezindlini nezakhiwo ezincane.
- Izihlahla nezigxobo zikagesi kwawiswa phansi, okwabangela ukunqamuka kukagesi isikhathi eside.
- Amagagasi aphakathi kwamamitha angu-2.7 no-3.7, anezikhukhula zangaphakathi nezwe.
- Kutuswa ukuthutha ezindaweni ezingasogwini eziphansi.
Isigaba 4: Imimoya ephakathi kuka-210 no-250 km/h
Isiphepho esingaka siyingozi kakhulu futhi singacekela phansi izindawo ezinkulu. Imithelela yayo emikhulu ihlanganisa:
- Umonakalo omkhulu ezakhiweni, ngokuwa kophahla ezakhiweni ezincane.
- Ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezimila nezintambo zikagesi.
- Amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha angu-5.5 ukuphakama, athinta kakhulu izindawo ezisogwini.
- Ukukhishwa okuyisibopho ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu.
Isigaba 5: Imimoya engaphezu kuka-251 km/h
Yizinga eliphezulu esikalini futhi limelela amandla amakhulu kakhulu isiphepho esingawafinyelela. Imiphumela yayo ebhubhisayo ihlanganisa:
- Ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele kwezakhiwo eziningana, ikakhulukazi ezibuthakathaka.
- Izihlahla ezisishuliwe kanye nengqalasizinda ebalulekile yawa.
- Amagagasi angaphezu kwamamitha angu-6 ukuphakama, neziphepho ezinkulu nezikhukhula.
- Ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi ukugwema ukulahlekelwa abantu.
Ukulinganiselwa kwesikali
Nakuba isikali se-Saffir-Simpson sisihle kakhulu ekukaleni amandla omoya, ayicabangi ezinye izici ezibalulekile ezifana nalezi:
- Inani imvula, okungase kubangele izikhukhula ezinkulu.
- La ukuqubuka kwesiphepho, okuvame ukubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi kunemimoya.
- El usayizi nobude besikhathi yesiphepho, esithonya ubukhulu bomonakalo.
Ngalesi sizathu, izazi zezulu ziphelelisa lesi sikali namanye amamodeli we ukubikezela kanye namathuluzi athuthukile ukubika ngokunembe kakhudlwana ku izingozi. Ungahlola futhi Kungani zingekho iziphepho eSpain ukuqonda kangcono lezi zenzakalo.
Isikali se-Saffir-Simpson sihlala siyinkomba esetshenziswa kakhulu yokulinganisa umfutho wesiphepho, ukusiza ohulumeni nezakhamizi ukulungiselela lezi zenzakalo ezesabekayo. Yize ihlola isivinini somoya kuphela, ukusizakala kwayo kusebulula evumela ngakho ukuhlukanisa nokuxwayisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa lolu hlelo ngolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana neziphepho, imvula kanye nezici zendawo ukuze kuhlolwe ubungozi obuphelele.
