Izikhukhula yizimo zezulu okuzodingeka sizijwayele. Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe kujenali Intuthuko Yesayensi, kungaba okulimazayo eminyakeni engama-25 ezayo ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Lolu shintsho olukhulu luhlobene ngqo nesidingo se ukutshala imali engqalasizinda eluhlaza ezisiza ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nezikhukhula.
Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, futhi ngaphandle kokuthi iMini Ice Age empeleni yenzeke, kuzoba nezinguquko emaphethini emvula emhlabeni jikelele.
Imvula ijwayele ukwamukelwa, kodwa uma inamandla, ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, hhayi nje ukuwa kwezihlahla nokudilika komhlaba, kodwa kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izifunda ezisengozini enkulu, okungukuthi, lezo lapho kuzodingeka khona ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ukuzinquma, abacwaningi balingisa izinguquko kumamodeli wesimo sezulu kanye ne-hydrological ezingeni lomhlaba elihambisana nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, kucatshangelwa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwabantu.
Ngakho-ke, babekwazi lokho iningi le-United States, Central Europe, North and West Africa, kanye ne-India ne-Indonesia zizoba phakathi kwezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu ngezikhukhula eminyakeni engu-25 ezayo, isenzakalo esingase sibe sibi nakakhulu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezidingekayo, izimpilo eziyizigidi zizoba sengozini enkulu. E-China kuphela, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingama-55 bazobhekana nalezi zigameko ezibhubhisayo; futhi eNyakatho Melika bazokwanda besuka kwabangu-100.000 XNUMX bamanje baye esigidini esisodwa. Ngeshwa, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kulezi zimo, amazwe asathuthuka, kanye nezikhungo zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi, yizona ezizoba nenkinga enkulu ekuvikeleni abantu bakhona. Lesi isici esishaqisayo, esinezela emiphumeleni yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlekelele zemvelo, njengesomiso kuthinta kakhulu abantu abasengozini ezimweni ezinzima.
Okwenezela kulokhu iqiniso lokuthi ngisho noma kungancishiswa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, okungenye yezimbangela zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, akukho okungenziwa ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki.
Izikhukhula nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: Umjikelezo Ongapheli
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunemiphumela edlula amazinga okushisa adlulele. Ngokukhuphuka kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kulindeleke ukwanda okukhulu kokuqina kanye nemvamisa yezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izikhukhula, isomiso, neziphepho. Lokhu akusona nje isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa kuyingxenye yephethini ebanzi ethinta ezolimo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nempilo yansuku zonke yezigidi zabantu.
Izikhukhula ezibangelwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ziyizenzakalo ezingakhethi. Izikhukhula zomfula kanye nezimvula ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuthi zande ngendlela emangalisayo, ezithinta imiphakathi kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ukubonisa lokhu kuthambekela okuphazamisayo, ucwaningo lwe-University of Reading kanye ne-CICERO Centre for International Climate Research lwembula ukuthi, uma izimo zamanje ziqhubeka, phakathi neminyaka engu-20, amaphesenti angu-70 abantu emhlabeni azobhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nezikhukhula. Leli yiqiniso eliqinisa ukuphuthuma kwe ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokushesha futhi baqonde imiphumela yabo ezifundeni ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo lapho izikhukhula zingenzeka khona kakhulu.
Izifunda Ezisengozini Kakhulu
Ucwaningo oluvela kujenali I-geoscience yemvelo iphakamisa ukuthi, ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela elimazayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukugxila kulezi zifunda ezilandelayo, ezibeka engcupheni enkulu yezikhukhula eminyakeni engama-25 ezayo:
- United States: Iningi lendawo, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezisogwini ezisengozini yezikhukhula.
- I-Europe Emaphakathi: Izindawo ezithandwa yizikhukhula njengeJalimane neFrance, lapho imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu iyabonakala.
- INyakatho neNtshonalanga Afrika: Amazwe afana neMorocco neNigeria angase abhekane nezikhukhula ezinamandla.
- I-Asia del Sur: Kubandakanya izindawo ezinkulu zase-India nase-Indonesia ezidinga ukulungela izikhukhula.
Isibonelo, isifunda saseBangladesh sisengozini enkulu yezikhukhula, lapho inhlanganisela ye Izimvula ezinkulu nezinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilika e-Himalayas kungabangela ukuthi imifula igcwale esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo sokwamukela izinyathelo zokubhekana nokuba sengozini kwesimo sezulu okufanele zisetshenziswe kulezi zindawo ezibalulekile nokuthi zihlobana kanjani nokujwayela kwezitshalo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okuyisihloko osekukhulunywe ngaso kabanzi.
Esinye isigameko esiphawulekayo iMiami, e-United States, lapho inhlanganisela yokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle nezimvula ezinamandla kulindeleke ukuthi kubangele izikhukhula ezinkulu. Umbiko wedolobha onemininingwane eminingi ugqamisa ukuphuthuma kokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo eziphathelene namanzi, njengoba izilinganiso zisikisela ukuthi izikhukhula ezivamile zingaholela ekufudukeni kwezakhamuzi eziningi.
Imiphumela Yezenhlalo Nezomnotho Yezikhukhula
Umthelela wezikhukhula udlula ukucekelwa phansi ngokomzimba. Kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwezimpilo, ukuxoshwa kwemiphakathi, nokucekelwa phansi kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile njengezikole nezibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhukhula zingabangela ukuvalwa kwebhizinisi futhi kuthinte umnotho wendawo, ukwanda kobumpofu phakathi kwalabo asebesengozini. Umbiko we-United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ulinganisela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okubangelwa izikhukhula kungase kufinyelele ku-$ 104.000 billion ngonyaka. Lesi simo sigqamisa ukubaluleka kwendlela yokulawulwa kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba kuxoxwe ngayo ku imizamo yokuqwashisa ngalezi zingozi kanye nesidingo sokubhekana nomehluko phakathi kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokufudumala komhlaba, njengoba kuthinta ukulungela izikhukhula.
Izikhukhula azigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela wezomnotho, ziphinde zibe yinhlekelele empilweni yomphakathi. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokusabalala kwezifo ezitholakala emanzini kuwumphumela ovamile walezi zenzakalo. Ngaphandle kohlelo olusebenzayo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi nengqalasizinda eyanele, imiphakathi ayikulungele ukubhekana nezinkinga njengoba zivela, ezingaholela kumjikelezo wobumpofu nokuba sengozini.
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokufuduka Kwabantu
Ukufuduka okuphoqelelwe ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukufuduka kwesimo sezulu, sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba. Abantu abaphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo ngenxa yezikhukhula, isomiso, noma ezinye izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu ngokuvamile yibona abantula kakhulu ngokwezomnotho nangokwenhlalo.
Umbiko we-Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre ubonisa ukuthi izenzakalo ezihlobene nesimo sezulu zabangela ukufuduka kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-23,1 unyaka ngamunye kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Lokhu kumele isibalo esishaqisayo okubhekwe ukuthi sikhule uma ukuqagela kwesimo sezulu kufezeka. Lokhu kufuduka akulethi nje kuphela inselelo emazweni aphethe abafuduki, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukungezwani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho emiphakathini eyamukelayo, inkinga ehlobene nokuthola izixazululo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako esimeni senhlalo.
Izinyathelo Zokuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokuqina
Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako ngendlela izikhukhula. Amanye amasu ahlongozwayo ahlanganisa ukwakha ingqalasizinda eqinile, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, nokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuphathwa kwamanzi ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Amadolobha nohulumeni kumele batshale imali ucwaningo nobuchwepheshe ukulungisa amasu abo ukuze ahambisane nengqikithi yendawo, njengoba kubonakala ku ukujwayela izitshalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, okungase kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze sisinde. Ezimeni ezifana ne-Jakarta, e-Indonesia, kuphakanyiswe amaphrojekthi ezigidi zamarandi ukuze kwakhiwe ama-levees kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezikhukhula. Lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi lubalulekile emhlabeni lapho Izinyathelo zokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu azanele futhi usongo lwezikhukhula luya ngokuya lungokoqobo.
Amanye amadolobha, njengeRotterdam eNetherlands, athathe izindlela ezintsha ngokwakha izindawo zomphakathi ezisebenza njengezitsha zokugcina amanzi. Lezi zimali azigcini nje ngokuvikela imiphakathi, kodwa futhi zidala izindawo eziluhlaza ezithuthukisa izinga lempilo.
Ubufakazi besayensi bucacile: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako ngesimo sezikhukhula kukhona lapha ukuhlala. Ukuqagela kuyethusa, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi bobabili ohulumeni nezakhamizi bathathe izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze banciphise imiphumela yabo.
Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile. Imizamo efana ne-Paris Agreement igcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela yomhlaba yokubhekana nale nkinga. Kubalulekile ukuthi amazwe athuthukile asize amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi avumelane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobulungisa bezenhlalakahle, kodwa ngoba le mizamo izozuzisa isintu sisonke.
Ukulwa nezikhukhula nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuwumthwalo wawo wonke umuntu. Kudingekile ukwakha ukuqaphela okuhlangene okugqugquzela imiphakathi ukuthi ithathe isinyathelo. Konke okuncane kuyasiza, kusukela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kuya ekukhuthazeni izindlela ezisimeme zezolimo. Ngokubambisana, singabhekana nezinselele eziseza.
