Ngaphakathi kwenkathi ye- Mesozoic Kube nezikhathi ezi-3 eziveze umehluko ekuziphendukeni kweplanethi yethu: I-Triassic, I-Jurassic y Okuhle kakhulu. Emugqeni ohlukanisayo owawukhona isikhathi sangaphambi kweTriassic, i- I-Permian, inqubo yokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi yenzeka ezingeni leplanethi eyabangela ukunyamalala kwe-95% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kwenza i-Triassic fauna imele okuthile kokusetha kabusha yonke impilo emhlabeni. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezikwazile ukusinda kulokhu kuqothulwa okukhulu kwadingeka ukuba zivumelane nezimo ezintsha zomhlaba nezasolwandle.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho Izilwane Triassic.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali zeTriassic
Naphezu kwale nqubo yokuqothulwa okukhulu emhlabeni wonke, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindlela ezintsha zokuphila futhi, kancane kancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zakwazi ukuhlukahluka. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zakha amahlathi amakhulu futhi kwakuyizibankwakazi ezaqala ukubusa iplanethi. Kwakuyizilwane ezazibusa cishe zonke izindawo zokuhlala ezikhona emhlabeni, emoyeni nasolwandle.
Sizobukeza kafushane ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ngalesi sikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwe-Triassic, izitshalo eziningi zaphela kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izimo zezemvelo bezingafanele kakhulu ukuthi zithuthukiswe futhi zahlukaniswe ngendlela efanele. Yingakho izitshalo ezikwazile ukuphila kulesi sikhathi sokushabalala zakwazi ukuhlukahluka kalula, njengoba izinga lokuncintisana laliphansi kakhulu. Izitshalo ezikwazile ukuphila futhi zahlukahluka ngobuningi kwakungezona ezeqembu le-gymnosperm.
Lezi zitshalo zaziwa ngokuthi izitshalo zembewu ezinqunu. Kuleli qembu lezitshalo, ama-conifers nama-cycad agqama. Abameleli bohlobo lwe-ginkgo ne-fern nabo babevelele kakhulu. AmaConifers ayemelela iqembu lalezo zitshalo ezinesiqu esiqinile, esiwugqinsi futhi esimelana kahle. Amaqabunga awo ngokuvamile ayehlala eluhlaza futhi e-monoecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitho zokuzala zowesilisa nowesifazane zikhona kumuntu oyedwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cycad kwakuyilezo zitshalo ezinesiqu esiqinile futhi zingenawo amagatsha anoma yiluphi uhlobo. Amaqabunga awo atholakala ekugcineni kwesitshalo futhi ayeyi-dioecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona abantu besilisa nabesifazane abahlukene. Izihlahla ze-Ginkgo zaziningi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, futhi yizinhlobo ze-Ginkgo biloba kuphela ezisekhona namuhla. Ekugcineni, ama-fern kwakuyizitshalo zemithambo ezazivele ziyingxenye yeqembu lama-pteridophyte futhi ane-phloem ne-xylem.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ze-Triassic
Izilwane ezimelele kakhulu kulesi sikhathi zakhiwa ngamaqembu amabili: ezihuquzelayo nama-dinosaurs. Kwakungama-invertebrate akwazi ukufeza intuthuko enkulu ezingeni lemvelo yasemanzini. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nazo zavela ezindaweni zasolwandle futhi zakwazi ukubusa kakhulu olwandle.
Ngokuqondene nomoya, ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaqala ukubonwa ezazinokuzivumelanisa okuthile nezimo zemvelo zamanje futhi zikwazi ukundiza. Ukuze benze lokhu, babedinga ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kokwakheka komzimba ukuvumelanisa izingalo nezitho zabo ukuze zindiza.
Sizothuthukisa ngokujulile zonke izilwane ze-Triassic.
Izilwane Zomhlaba Eziwumhlaba
Ngaphakathi kwalezi zimvelo, amaqembu ambalwa ezilwane anezici ezihlukile athuthukisiwe: izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincelisayo kanye nama-dinosaurs.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zaseMammalia
Leli qembu laziwa ngokuthi ama-therapsids. Ngokubukeka kwazo, sabona ukuthi lezi zilwane ziyingxube phakathi kwenja nesibankwa. Izitho zawo zazizinde impela uma ziqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke, kodwa zinemisila emifushane kakhulu. Amazinyo ayenezinhlobo ezahlukene zomumo kuye ngokudla kohlobo ngalunye. Lapho ukudla kwakudla ngokudla uhlaza, siyabona ukuthi amazinyo ayethuthukiswa ngokuyinhloko nge-molars. I-Molars iyasebenza kakhulu ekugayeni izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukudla kwakunomsoco ngokuphelele, ukuthuthukiswa okungcono kwama-canine namazinyo enyama kungabonakala.
Izibankwakazi Triassic
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-Dinosaurs avele phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Phakathi kwama-dinosaurs amele kakhulu sibona ama-prosauropods nama-theropods. Ake sihlaziye imininingwane.
Ama-Prosauropods
Kwakuyizilwane ezinomthamo omkhulu futhi ezinentamo ende kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubude bazo abukhulu kangako njengobezilwane ezidla uhlaza ezaziphila ngesikhathi seJurassic. Izitho zayo zangaphambili zazingathuthukile kangako kunezitho zangemuva. Ngaphakathi kwama-prosauropods kwakukhona ukuhlukana okuthile ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane. Abavelele kwakunguMussaurus neSellosaurus.
Ama-theropods
Lawa kwakungamanye amaqembu ama-dinosaurs agqama kulesi sigaba. Kwakuyiqembu lama-dinosaurs adla inyama. Phakathi kwezici zayo eziyinhloko sithola indlela yokuhamba ephindwe kabili kanye nezitho zangaphambili ezingathuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ubukhulu balezi zinhlobo behlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-ecosystem lapho itholakale khona. Njengoba ukuziphendukela kwezilwane kwandulelwa ukushabalala okukhulu, ukuguquguquka kofuzo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo zazishintshashintsha kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba nezitshalo zazinokuthuthuka kwazo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamatropods Azizange zidlule imitha elilodwa, kanti ezinye zazikwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha angu-12. Ezinye zezinhlobo zethropod ezaziwa kakhulu kwakuyiTawa ne-Euroraptor.
Izilwane zasemanzini ze-Triassic
Izilwane ezingenamgogodla zikhula kakhulu endaweni ehlala emanzini. Lezi zazimelelwe ama-mollusk, phakathi kwawo ama-gastropods, ama-bivalves nama-cephalopods agqamayo. Amanye amakhorali amila olwandle.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini nazo zakhula kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ama-Nothosaur nama-ichthyosaur avelele. Mayelana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemoyeni, kwakukhona neqembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezakhula kahle kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye. Futhi ayekwazi ukukhiqiza uhlobo lolwelwesi olusuka esiqwini lwawo luye emaphethelweni awo angaphezulu. Lezi zitho zazikwazi ukundiza. Kuleli qembu kunama-Pterosaur, ayenamaqanda futhi enoqhwaku olude. Ukudla kwabo kwakudla kakhulu.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezilwane ze-Triassic.