El Miocene ibingenye yezikhathi ezimbili ezakha i- Isikhathi seNeogene ngaphakathi kwe Isikhathi seCenozoic. Yisikhathi lapho izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka khona ezingeni lesimo sezulu, elebhayoloji kanye ne-orogenic. Isimo sezulu sibe nokushintshashintsha okuhlukahlukene emazingeni okushisa futhi lokhu kudale ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo ezingahlukahluka zisabalale ezindaweni eziningi. I- Izilwane zaseMiocene lalibonakala ngokuba nezilwane ezaziphila ezindaweni ezifanayo eziphilayo nezinye ezazingathuthuka kabanzi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nezinhlobo zezilwane zaseMiocene.
Izici eziyinhloko
Sonke lesi sikhathi kube nokuguquguquka okuthile emazingeni okushisa omhlaba. Ekuqaleni kweMiocene sathola amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu akhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cishe maphakathi nesizini, amazinga okushisa afudumele afinyelela kuzinombolo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ukuze zikhule ngempumelelo.
Icala lezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini yizo ezazingahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi. Kuyaziwa ngenxa yerekhodi elibalulekile lezinsalela ukuthi kunezibonelo ezazihlala kwiplanethi yethu ngaleso sikhathi.
IMiocene kwakuyisikhathi esathatha cishe cishe cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-8 edlule futhi yaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-23 edlule. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, umsebenzi we-orogenic wawunamandla kakhulu, okwenza izintaba ezihlukahlukene zikhule. Kwezinye izindawo ezithile emhlabeni lokhu kukhula kwe-orogenic kwaba nemiphumela ebalulekile. Enye yazo kwakuyinhlekelele kasawoti kaMesiya.
Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko ze-orogenic kanye namazinga okushisa afudumele kakhulu kuwo wonke umhlaba iningi lezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane eziphila ezweni lingahlukahluka. Kunamarekhodi amathambo okuthi ngalesi sikhathi kwakunenani elikhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlobene Izilwane zeNeogene. Zonke izinsalela ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nezintandokazi zokudla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezathola ukukhula okukhulu nokuhlukahluka.
Flora
Ngaphambi kokuhlaziya izilwane ze-Miocene, kufanele sicabangele nezitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi lezilwane ezazikhona eMiocene kwakuyizilwane ezidla uhlaza. Eziningi zalezi zilwane nezitshalo ziyalondolozwa namuhla, zakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezimiso zemvelo.
Ngesikhathi seMiocene kwabonwa ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lamahlathi namahlathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwamazinga okushisa okwenzekile ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi izikhala zezitshalo zincishiswe kungenxa yokwehla kwemvula emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo bekufanele zivumelane nalezi zimo zemvula ephansi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo ezinomuthi kanye nalezo ezincane ngosayizi yilezo ezaqala ukubusa iplanethi. Lezi yizitshalo ezinamandla amakhulu okumelana nezikhathi ezinde zesomiso nesithwathwa. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-angiosperms achuma. Yilezo zitshalo ezinembewu emboziwe.
I-Herbaceous yilezo zitshalo okungekho iziqu zazo. Ziyiziqu eziguquguqukayo ezinombala oluhlaza kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza. Atholakala ngamaqembu futhi amelana impela nesomiso namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola i-chaparral. I-chaparral uhlobo lwe-biome lapho kuvela khona uhlobo oluthile lwezimila olwaziwa ngokuthi ama-chaparros. Lawa ma-chaparro ayizihlahlana ezincane ezinokhuni ezikwazi ukuphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo. I-Cacti nezihlahla nazo zathuthukiswa ngezinga elikhulu.
Izilwane zaseMiocene
Ngalesi sikhathi, akunakuphikwa ukuthi iqembu lezilwane eziseMiocene fauna ezathuthukisa kakhulu kwakuyizilwane ezincelisayo. Zombili izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana neqembu lamagundane zikwazile ukuguquka, zaba yizilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo njengezinye zasolwandle. Iqembu lezinyoni libuye labona ukwanda okukhulu ngobubanzi nangobuningi. Konke lokhu kwaziwa ngenxa yezinsalela zezinhlobo ezitholakale emhlabeni wonke.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni ezazichichima ngesikhathi sezilwane zaseMiocene yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Gomphotherium (engasekho): yisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu esasinendawo yaso ezindaweni zase-Eurasia. Ifike kumamitha ama-3 ngosayizi futhi enye yezimpawu zayo ezinkulu ukuthi babenezimbili zamazinyo ezimpondo ezinde futhi ezingazweli.
- I-Amphicyon: ngolunye uhlobo olwalungasekho namuhla. Ukubukeka kwakhe kwakungokwesilwane phakathi kwenja nebhere. Ngomzimba ohlangene kahle, yayinezitho ezi-4 eziwugqinsi nomsila omude. Babekala imitha ukuphakama namamitha amabili ubude bese benesisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 kilos.
- I-Merychippus: Kusukela namuhla lesi silwane asisekho. Kwakuyisilwane esincane futhi sasibonakala ngokuba neminwe emi-3 esithweni ngasinye. Isazi sokuhambahamba ngemihlambi ukuze kudliwe. Ngokubukeka kwakufana namahhashi namadube anamuhla, ahlobene .
- I-Astrapotherium: esinye isilwane esingasekho. Kwakungesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu, sinesisindo esingafika kuthani futhi singamamitha amathathu ubude. Phakathi kwezici zayo eziyinhloko kwakunamazinyo ayo, okwakubonisa ukuthi yayidla uhlaza. Babekwazi ukuhamba endaweni enamaxhaphozi neyomile ngenxa yemilenze yabo emikhulu.
- I-Megapedetese: olunye uhlobo olungolokuhleleka kwamagundane. Usayizi wayo wawumncane kakhulu yize wawufinyelela kuma-3 kilos. Umzimba wawufana nowomvundla futhi wawunamandla nemilenze yangemuva enamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingalo zayo zangaphambili zazimfushane impela.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini nazo zahlukahluka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Eqenjini lezinyoni kwakukhona izibonelo ezinkulu nezinye ezathuthukisa kakhulu umuzwa wazo wokuphila. Ngokuqondene nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini, izilwane ezidla inyama ezidla ezinye zazigcwele kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zaseMiocene.