Ngaphakathi Isikhathi seCenozoic sinayo Isikhathi sePaleogene. Kukwahlukaniswa kwesilinganiso sesikhathi esithatha iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-66 futhi saphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-23 edlule. Kule nkathi sinokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezilwane ezincelisayo yize bekufanele zivele ezinhlotsheni zosayizi omncane kakhulu. I- Izilwane zePaleogene maka ngaphambi nangemuva, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungabheka isihloko esithi izilwane ze-Paleogene.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ngazo zonke izici nokuvela kwezilwane zasePaleogene.
Isikhathi sePaleogene
Lesi sikhathi kwakuwumsuka wezinhlobo zakudala zokuphila kwakamuva. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi se-geological kwaba nokuqothulwa okuhambisana nama-dinosaurs ekupheleni kwesikhathi isikhathi se-cretaceous. Ku-geology yalesi sikhathi sibona ukuthi amapuleti e-Australia naseNdiya ahanjiswe ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga ngenxa yokuhamba kwezwekazi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ijubane lokuhamba kwalezi Amapuleti ama-tectonic ayengamasentimitha ayi-6 ngonyaka. Njengamanje, leli zinga liphansi kakhulu.
Kufanele futhi sicabangele ukuthi i-Paleogene fauna yathinteka ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kube nezinguquko ezibucayi zesimo sezulu njengokupholisa okuvamile kwazo zonke izifunda ezishisayo. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwawo wonke amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke, ukupholisa kwayo yonke iplanethi kwaba nokwenzeka. Njengoba inkathi ye-Paleogene iqhubeka, amazinga okushisa eplanethi aphinde akhuphuka. Futhi ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa kwasiza ekudaleni isimo sezulu esishisayo ezindaweni eziningi. Njengoba sazi, isimo sezulu esishisayo sibonakala ikakhulukazi ubuningi bamazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama ophakeme nemvula enhle. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezilwane zasePaleogene.
Izilwane eziningi kwadingeka zivumelane nesimo sezulu futhi zakwazi ukwenza kanjalo naphezu kokushabalala okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Enye yentela eyayingathuthuka kwakuyizitshalo ze-angiosperm. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lezi zinto eziphilayo zajwayela kanjani, umuntu angahlola umthelela we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezilwaneni.
Izilwane zePaleogene
Isikhathi sePaleogene sihlukaniswe izikhathi ezintathu: the I-Paleocene, the Kulungile futhi i Oligocene. Esikhathini ngasinye salezi zikhathi sithola ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukile kwezilwane ze-Paleogene. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi yiziphi ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Paleocene
Phakathi nenkathi ye-Paleocene, sithola inani elikhulu lezilwane okwakudingeka ziphile ngokuqothulwa okukhulu ekupheleni kweCretaceous. Ngenxa yalesi senzakalo sokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi, izilwane zakwazi ukuthuthukisa izimo zengqondo ezihlukene ukuze zivumelane nezimo ezintsha. Lokhu kushabalala kwanikeza izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane ithuba lokuhlukahluka nokwanda. Ikakhulukazi basebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi ama-dinosaurs ayesevele ekhona. Futhi lezi zilwane babhekwa njengezilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Zonke izilwane bekufanele zincintisane ngemithombo yemvelo nama-dinosaurs.
Phakathi kwezilwane ze-Paleogene eziphuma enkathini ye-Paleocene, sinezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezasinda ekuqothulweni kahle kakhulu futhi zazuza ezimweni zezulu zangaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezitholakala ngobuningi bawo sithola ama-champosaur ayehlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini. Izinyoka nezimfudu zasolwandle nazo zaba nokuthuthuka okukhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezinyoni, zanda ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izinyoni ezisabekayo zazidume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ayemakhulu ngobukhulu kodwa engakwazi ukundiza. Imikhuba yalezi zinhlobo yayidla inyama futhi yayibhekwa njengezilwane ezesabekayo ezilwaneni eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezathola ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu ngesikhathi sezilwane zasePaleogene zazikhona izinhlanzi zasolwandle, amajuba, izikhova namadada. Uma ungathanda ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngalezi zinyoni, ungabheka ulwazi ku-.
Izilwane zasolwandle nazo zithuthuke kakhulu ngokuya ngezinhlanzi. Kukhiqize ukuncintisana okukhulu emkhakheni wezasolwandle kanti oshaka basakazeka baba yizilwane ezintsha ezihlasela kakhulu. Emkhakheni wezilwane ezincelisayo, esinye sezilwane esithuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sezilwane zePaleogene, sithola ama-placentals, monotremes kanye nama-marsupials. Sithola neqembu lamagundane, ama-primates, ama-lemurs, phakathi kwabanye.
Kulungile
Ngesikhathi se-Eocene, i-Paleogene fauna yathuthukiswa ikakhulukazi eqenjini lezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla zikwazile ukukhula futhi zihluke kakhulu endaweni yasolwandle. Ama-mollusk amaningi, ama-gastropods, ama-bivalves, ama-cnidarians echinoderms bakwazi ukuthuthukisa phakathi nenkathi. Iqembu lezintuthwane mhlawumbe iqembu lezilwane ezithuthuke kakhulu ngokwezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Izinyoni kwakuyizinhlobo ezavela ngenxa yezimo ezinhle zemvelo. Eziningi kakhulu kwakuyizinhlobo ezaziwayo njengePhorusrhacidae, Gastornis kanye namaphengwini. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo ezakhula ngokushesha, sithola izilwane ezingafinyelela kumamitha angu-10 ubude. Phakathi kwalezi zilwane sinama-ungulates, ama-cetaceans nama-Ambulocetids. Isilwane ngasinye sasinezici ezikhethekile ezazizisiza ukuba zivumelane nesimo esasikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlobene kanjani emgqeni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ungathintana ne Izilwane ze-Miocene.
Oligocene
Ingxenye yokugcina yezilwane ze-Paleogene ibhekisela ezilwaneni ze-Oligocene. Ibonakala ngokuba namaqembu amaningi ezilwane ezahlukahlukana futhi zachuma naphezu kwezimo zezulu ezizithole zikuso. Ukuvela kwezilwane ezincelisayo kugqama lapha. Kwavela inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezincelisayo, kuhlanganise namagundane, ama-canids, ama-primates, nama-cetaceans.
Isici esiyinhloko samagundane kwakuwukuba nama-incisors abukhali kakhulu asetshenziswa kaningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakungokuyinhloko leyo yokuluma izilwane ezidla ezinye noma ukuququda izinkuni. Ama-Primates ayiqembu elithuthuke ngokwengeziwe lezilwane ezincelisayo futhi abonakala ngokuba nezinzwane ezinhlanu ezithweni zawo. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zokuziphendukela kwalezi zilwane ngaphezu kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ukuthi zinezithupha eziphikisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinyawo ze-plantigrade ezivumela wonke amathe onyawo ukuthi asekwe ukuze ihambe kahle.
Ama-Canids angamalungu eqembu lezimpisi nezinja. Isici sabo esikhulu ukuthi babe nomzimba omaphakathi futhi bahambe ngamathiphu eminwe. Banokudla okudlayo futhi imvamisa batholakala kusixhumanisi somzingeli ochungechungeni lokudla.
Ekugcineni, ama-cetaceans kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezakhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sezilwane ze-Paleogene. Kwakuyizilwane ezazijwayele ukuphila olwandle, nakuba zisenokuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okujulile kokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane, ungafunda mayelana izilwane ze-Oligocene.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zePaleogene.