Isikhathi se- I-Pleistocene kwaba isigaba sokuqala sokuma komhlaba se Isikhathi se-Quaternary. Kwakubonakala ikakhulukazi ngamazinga okushisa aphansi amboza cishe yonke iplanethi ngeqhwa. I- Izilwane zePleistocene Yayibonakala kakhulu ngokubonakala kwezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo njengezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo. Siphinde sibheke ukuvela kwezinhlobo zabantu ngalesi sikhathi. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona okhokho bendoda yesimanje, njengabo Homo habilis.
Kule ndatshana sizohlaziya zonke izici nokuvela kwezilwane zasePleistocene.
Umongo ojwayelekile wezilwane zasePleistocene
Ukuqonda ukukhula kwezilwane zasePleistocene, kufanele siqonde umongo ojwayelekile, kokubili isimo sezulu kanye nokwakheka komhlaba, njll. Isikhathi esingesinye sezifundwe kakhulu futhi esinamarekhodi ezimbiwa phansi kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kube ngesinye sezikhathi lapho kunemininingwane ebanzi futhi ethembekile. Le nkathi yesikhathi yaqala Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2.6 edlule futhi yaphela ngemuva kweminyaka yokugcina yeqhwa, cishe i-10.000 BC
Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zafinyelela umvuthwandaba wazo ngokukhula nokuhlukahluka. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-mammoth, i-megatherium, nama-mastodon ayegcwele cishe yonke iplanethi. Isici esasibenza bahluke kuzo zonke ezinye izilwane kwakuwubukhulu bazo obukhulu. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula ngokuthuthuka kwamadlozi esintu, njengokuthi I-Homo ergaster, IHomo erectus, iHomo habilis, neHomo neanderthalensis.
Mayelana nokwakheka komhlaba, sithole ukuthi kuncane ukufuduka kwamazwekazi. Kulokhu, ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi bekuphansi impela futhi bekuqhubeka kunjalo kusukela lapho. Kakade ngalesi sikhathi amazwekazi ayenezikhundla ezifanayo nanamuhla. Ukuhlaziya isimo sezulu siyabona ukuthi bekukhona ukubanda kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Futhi ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kwenzeke imijikelezo eminingi yeqhwa. Kwahlala kunje ngaso sonke isikhathi kwaze kwaphela iminyaka yokugcina yeqhwa. Ingxenye enkulu yeplanethi yayimbozwe yiqhwa. Ochwepheshe babhale ukuthi cishe u-30% womhlaba wonke wawuqandekile. I-South Pole e-Antarctica yake yambozwa yiqhwa ngokuphelele, njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla. Wonke amazwe ase-Arctic Circle nawo abekhona. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngesimo sezulu, ungabheka Isimo sezulu sase-Antarctica.
Uma sesihlaziye umongo walesi sikhathi, siqala ukuhlaziya izilwane ze-Pleistocene.
Izilwane zePleistocene
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izilwane ezincelisayo zaba iqembu elivelele, ngokuvamile zigcina i-hegemony eyaqala ezikhathini zangaphambili. Ezilwaneni ze-Pleistocene, ukuvela kwe-megafauna ebizwa ngokuthi i-megafauna kuyagqama. Le megafauna ibhekisela kuyo izilwane ezinkulu ezazikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi ayekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Uma unentshisekelo kulesi simo, ungabonisana mayelana ne Izilwane ze-quaternary.
Yize izilwane ezincelisayo bekungukuthuthuka okuphezulu nokuhlukahluka kwezilwane zalesi sikhathi, amanye amaqembu ezilwane ezinjengezinyoni, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo nawo aqhubeka ukwehluka. Iningi lala maqembu ezilwane asekhona kuze kube namuhla. Kodwa-ke, akunakuphikiswa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo kwakungamakhosi alo nyaka.
I-Pleistocene megafauna yayihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinkulu. Phakathi kwalezi zilwane sigqamisa lezo ezimele kakhulu, okuyizi i-mammoth, i-megatherium, i-smilodon, i-elasmotherium, Inter alia. Ake sihlaziye ngamunye ngamunye izilwane eziyinhloko Pleistocene fauna.
omkhulukazi
Lezi zilwane kwakungezohlobo lweMammuthus futhi zazibukeka zifana nezindlovu esinazo namuhla. Esinye sezici ezimelele kakhulu zaleli qembu ukwandiswa kwalo ngamakhala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bangabaka-oda be-Proboscidea futhi banesitho esaziwa ngesiqu njengesiqu. Igama layo lesayensi yi-proboscis. Omammoths nabo babephethe amazinyo amade, abukhali asize ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezingabahlasela. Lawa mazinyo abe nokugobile okuwabhekise phezulu. Lezi zimpondo zazenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemvelaphi yalezi zilwane, ungabona isihloko mayelana I-Pliocene.
Kuye ngendawo yokusabalalisa yomuntu kanye nokuba seduze noma ibanga lezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi, umzimba wawumbozwe ngoboya obuningi noma obuncane. Imikhuba yabo yokudla yayidla utshani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-fangs ayenomsebenzi wokuzivikela kuphela. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okukhulu futhi iyingxenye yeqembu le-Pleistocene megafauna, yashabalala enkathini elandelayo. Ngenxa yamarekhodi amaningi ezinsalela, sikwazile ukufunda okuningi mayelana ne-morphology nendlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo.
I-Megatherium
Lezi zilwane zingaphansi kwe-oda lePilosa futhi zihlobene nama-sloths amanje. Luhlobo lwesilwane esaba esinye sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo sakhe esilinganisiwe sasingu phakathi kwamathani ayi-2.5 no-3 futhi cishe ayemamitha ayi-6 ubude. Lolu hlobo lucwaningwe ngenxa yezinsalela eziqoqiwe. Amathambo ayo ayeqinile impela, ngakho kusolwa ukuthi kwakudingeka asekele inqwaba yenyama.
Njengamabheja namuhla, ayenezinzipho ezinde kakhulu. Lezi zinzipho zazisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumba lapho kufunwa ukudla. Ukudla kwabo kwakusekelwe ngokuphelele ezibulungwini futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi babeziphethe ngabodwa. Imizimba yabo yayimbozwe uboya obunzima obasiza ukubavikela emazingeni okushisa aphansi ayekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Indawo yayo yokuhlala nokusabalalisa kwanda kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika. Uma ufuna ukujula kulesi sihloko, ungabheka isihloko esithi ihlathi le-boreal.
I-Smilodon
Lesi silwane singesomndeni wakwaFelidae, siyizihlobo eziqondile zezilwane zamanje. Isici sayo esiyinhloko kwakuwubukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye namazinyo amabili amade ehla emhlathini ongenhla. Ngenxa yalezi zici, i-smilodon yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njenge "ama-tigers anamazinyo". Ingesinye sezilwane ezifundwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando ngoba futhi ikhona ezindabeni eziningi nasezinganekwaneni.
Ngenxa yezinsalela eziqoqwe kulezi zinhlobo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi abesilisa bangafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-300 ngesisindo. Babehlala ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izindawo zaseNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Kulo mugqa, kuyathakazelisa ukubalula ubucwebe, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimweni zokuphila zalezi zilwane.
I-Elasmotherium
Kwakungesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezazingezomndeni wakwaRhinocerotidae, ezihlobene nobhejane banamuhla. Isici esivelele salezi zilwane ukuthi zazinophondo olukhulu olwaphuma kugebhezi lwazo futhi olwalungafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ukudla kwabo kwakuwukudla okudliwayo futhi ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kwakuwutshani. Njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ze-Pleistocene, yayinomzimba ombozwe uboya obukhulu. Indawo yayo kanye nendawo yokusabalalisa yayisezindaweni zase-Asia Ephakathi nasezintabeni zaseRussia.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zePleistocene.
