I-Jupiter, i-colossus ye-Solar System, inezigigaba eziyingqayizivele zomkhathi osekungamakhulu eminyaka zidida ososayensi. Umkhathi wayo, owakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-hydrogen ne-helium, indawo yeziphepho ezinamandla nomoya onamandla owedlula kude noma iyiphi isenzakalo sesimo sezulu eMhlabeni. Ngenxa yemishini yasemkhathini efana ne-Juno kanye ne-James Webb mission, izimfihlo ezintsha mayelana nale planethi enkulukazi sezitholakele. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-Jupiter ekhangayo, ungavakashela isihloko sethu ku iplanethi Jupiter.
Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ze-Jupiter bekulokhu kuyi-Great Red Spot., isiphepho esinamandla amakhulu osekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 sisebenza. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha lubonise ukuthi ubukhulu bayo buyancipha, futhi isakhiwo saso sijulile kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphawula kwamuva kuye kwembula lokho Amafu e-Jupiter awakhiwanga i-ammonia kuphela, kodwa yezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zezakhi zamakhemikhali. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuguquguquka komkhathi, ungathintana ne ukwakheka komkhathi.
Umkhathi weJupiter: ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo
Umkhathi weJupiter wakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen ne-helium., enezinsalela ezincane ze-methane, i-ammonia, umhwamuko wamanzi nezinye izinhlanganisela. Lezi zinto ziyahlangana futhi zisabelelane, zenze okuhlaba umxhwele amabhande ombala abonwa eMhlabeni.
Izingqimba zasemkhathini zeJupiter zihlukaniswe zaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-troposphere, lapho i-troposphere. amafu neziphepho; i-stratosphere, enamandla omoya angavamile; kanye ne-thermosphere, esebenzisana neplanethi kazibuthe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namasathelayithi azungeza lesi sikhulu segesi, ungafunda isihloko sethu ku Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter.
Indawo Enkulu Ebomvu: Isiphepho Saphakade
I-Great Red Spot iyisiphepho esikhulu kunazo zonke ku-Solar System, enobubanzi obukhulu kunoMhlaba. Kuyi-vortex enengcindezi ephezulu elokhu ikhona amakhulu eminyaka, ibhebhezelwa amaza anamandla asemoyeni. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngesiphepho esikhulu se-Jupiter, sicela ufunde isihloko esithi i-superstorm iphenya uJuno.
Ngenxa ye-Juno probe, kutholwe lokho I-Great Red Spot ifinyelela ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha angama-500., okungaphezu kwalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Isivinini sayo somoya singafinyelela ku-430 km/h, inani eliphakeme kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi isishingishane esisemhlabeni.
Currents and winds: the Dynamics of Jovian atmosphere
I-Jupiter inesistimu yomoya eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, enamajet stream anamandla angaphezu kuka-500 km/h emkhathini wayo ongaphezulu. Le misinga iyadala amafu amakhulu ahamba ezinhlangothini eziphambene, ekhiqiza iphethini yesici. Ukuze ubone kangcono lezi zimo zesimo sezulu, ungabuka ividiyo ehlobene kokuthi YouTube.
Ukuqaphela kwakamuva kwe-James Webb Telescope kukhonjiwe umsinga wesivinini esiphezulu ku-Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere. Lo msinga, ongamakhilomitha angaba ngu-4.800 ububanzi, uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu kunaleso seziphepho eziningi ezisemhlabeni.
Ukwakhiwa kwamafu we-Jupiter
Kuze kube muva nje, ososayensi bebekukholelwa lokho Amafu abonakalayo e-Jupiter ayenziwe ngamakristalu eqhwa e-ammonia. Nokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi la mafu empeleni ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, aqukethe i-ammonium hydrosulfide kanye nezinhlayiya ezikhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet namagesi asemkhathini. Futhi, uma ufuna ukuhlola imicimbi ehlukene yezinkanyezi, ungafunda umbiko wethu ngawo Imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu yezinkanyezi yango-2024.
I-Juno probe kanye nemiphumela yayo
Selokhu ngafika eJupiter ngo-2016, I-Juno inikeze ulwazi olungakaze lubonwe ngomkhathi weplanethi. Amathuluzi ayo akwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukala ukujula kweziphepho ezimbalwa, ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emkhathini, kanye nemephu yamandla kazibuthe we-Jupiter.
Okunye okutholwe okuthakazelisa kakhulu kube ukuba khona kwezivunguvungu ezinkulu ezigxotsheni zeplanethi. Izivunguvungu eziyisishiyagalombili eNorth Pole nezihlanu eSouth Pole zakha izakhiwo ezizinzile ezihlale iminyaka eminingi zingashintshile. Ukuze uqonde ubuhle balezi zishingishane, ungabheka isihloko esithi ubuhle bezigxobo zeJupiter.
Intuthuko ekuhloleni i-Jupiter isize embuleni izimfihlakalo eziningi ezizungeze umkhathi wayo. Inhlanganisela yokubuka okuvela kumatheleskopu asemkhathini njengetheleskopu ye-James Webb kanye nemishini efana ne-Juno iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile ngokwakheka kwayo, iziphepho, kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Imibuzo eminingi isalokhu ingaphenduliwe, okwenza i-Jupiter ibe into ethakaselekayo yokufunda ngezinkanyezi zesimanje.
