Ngokungafani neNorth Pole, i-Antarctica iyizwekazi elinamadwala eligcwele izinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu. Nayi i- Izintaba zeTransantarctic futhi baziwa impela. Kuyinto eyingqayizivele yokwakheka kwemvelo okusika izwekazi lase-Antarctica futhi kulihlukanise libe izingxenye eziningana ezingalingani. Kubonakala ngokuba nezintaba eziningi ezinamadwala nezigodi futhi kucebe kakhulu ngemibukiso yezinsalela. Ngenxa yalezi zintaba kube khona ukukhulisa ulwazi oluningi emikhakheni efana ne-paleontology.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka kwezintaba zaseTransantarctic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengoba ukunotha kwezinsalela zalezi zintaba kuphakeme impela, kwaziwa ngabacwaningi abaningi njengemyuziyamu ye-dinosaur. Izintaba zaseTransantarctic zaqala ukubonakala ebalazweni ngohambo lwe umhloli wamazwe waseBrithani owaziwa ngegama likaJames Ross ngonyaka we-1841. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obulinganiselwe ngaleso sikhathi ukuze sikwazi ukusinda kulezi zindawo ezinzima, kube nezinkinga ezithile ukufinyelela ezinyaweni zeziqongo zendawo.
Kamuva, ngo-1908, abacwaningi abaningana bathatha uhambo lokunqamula ukhahlamba lwezintaba phakathi nohambo olude. Laba bahambi kwakunguScott, Shackleton, no-Amundsen. Ngenxa yalolu hambo, kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu ngezintaba zaseTransantarctic. Ngisho nangemva kwalokho, ngo-1947, kwahlelwa uhambo olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-High Jump, futhi bakwazi ukukhiqiza amamephu anemininingwane eyanele yesifunda nayo yonke imininingwane etholakele. Ukuze uthole lonke lolu lwazi mayelana ne-morphology yezintaba, ukuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kwendawo kwenziwa ngezindiza.
Izintaba zeTransantarctic ziyi uhlelo lwamagquma asezintabeni akhiwa ngamatshe. Zinwebeka amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ukusuka oLwandle iWeddell kuya eCoats Land. Njengamanje ibhekwa njengokhahlamba lwezintaba olude kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Nakuba i-Antarctica kucatshangwa ukuthi iyizwekazi elineqhwa, lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele: kunedwala ngaphansi kwezingqimba zeqhwa. Akukho ukwakheka kwamatshe eNorth Pole, ngakho ukuncibilika kweqhwa kungaveza ulwandle oluphelele. Endabeni yokuncibilika kwezingqimba zeqhwa zase-Antarctic, kungadala ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle, ngoba wonke lawo manzi awahlali endaweni olwandle.
Izazi ze-geographer zibheka leli gquma njengomugqa ojwayelekile ohlukanisa i-Antarctica empumalanga nasentshonalanga e ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-480 ukusuka kuwo wonke amadwala esigxobo esiseningizimu.
I-Geology yezintaba zaseTransantarctic
Ngenxa yocwaningo oluningi nolwazi olunikeziwe, Izintaba ZaseTransantarctic seziwuphawu lokulinganiswa kocwaningo lwezinsalela. Igatsha lesayensi elaziwa ngokuthi I-paleontology yondliwe yimininingwane eminingi ngenxa yezintaba zeTransantarctic. Ngokomqondo wokuma komhlaba, lezi zintaba zahlonzwa njengendawo ebalulekile yokuqhuma komhlaba ebusweni.
Imvelaphi ibuyela emuva ekusebenzeni kwenyikima okusebenzayo cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-65. Amanye amabanga aphakathi kwemingcele ye-Antarctica anemvelaphi yakamuva kakhulu. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba zeTransantarctic finyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-4.528 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Yilapho ukutholakala kwezinsalela eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kutholakala khona. Amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka bekwenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe inani lezinsalela esimweni sezulu esimweni esifanelekile sokongiwa kwazo.
Nakuba i-Antarctica yayicebile ekuphileni, manje isimbozwe yiqhwa. Emashumini ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, isimo sezulu sasifaneleka kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, okuchaza ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezinsalela zezinsalela ezitholakala kulezi zintaba.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezintaba zeTransantarctic
Sizobona ukuthi yimiphi imininingwane eyinhloko yesithakazelo ekhishwe ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene zezintaba zeTransantarctic. Maphakathi nekhulu elidlule leminyaka, ukuhlukaniswa kweqhwa leqhwa elikhulu kunawo wonke ake abhalwa ngabaphenyi kungabonakala. Futhi ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ayakhuphuka kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni kwabantu. Ubuso bale glacier bangamakhilomitha angama-31.080, noma yini eyinsimu yamazwe athile aseYurophu.
Ikakhulu, kubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezome kakhulu emhlabeni lapho bekungekho khona imvula iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Engxenyeni yeSierra Vista yezintaba zaseTransantarctic ibizwa ngeTaylor Valley. Nansi impophoma lapho imifudlana igelezela ezansi futhi iguqule umbala obomvu ube yigazi. Abanye abacwaningi bachaza lesi simo futhi kungenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi akhiqizwa ngama-anaerobic bacteria. Ama-bacterium e-Anaerobic yiwo ahlala lapho kungekho i-oxygen futhi angadingi ukuthi aphile.
Ekubunjweni kwengxenye yesiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu sommango waseKirk-Patrick kwatholakala izinsalela zedayinaso enamaphiko. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka eyedlule, i-Antarctica kwakuyindawo eyakhiwe ngokuphelele yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-dinosaurs. Ubukhulu balezi zigwababa ezinkulu zezinsalela abulinganiswa. Futhi kwenzeke ukukhipha izinsalela zama-dinosaurs amancane adlayo njengeCryolophosaurus.
Elinye lamaphuzu adlulele kakhulu esiqongweni sezintaba zaseTransantarctic yiCape Adair. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu atholakala kuso sonke isifunda, izinsalela zamathambo zigcinwe zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Lezi zimo zifanelekile ukuthi isintu siqhubeke sithuthuke esifundweni semvelaphi nokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo kuze kube namuhla.
Iziphetho
Izintaba zaseTransantarctic zihlala ziyizindawo ezingakahlolwa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla. Khumbula ukuthi ukwakheka kwemvelo nge- ibanga elide kusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwempucuko nalapho kunezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu ukusinda. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-ridge ubuhle obuhle obukhumbuza imihlaba evela kwamanye amaplanethi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezintaba zeTransantarctic nezici zazo.