Izintaba-mlilo e-United States: Izinsongo nezindawo ezibalulekile

I-United States iyizwe elinezinga eliphezulu lemisebenzi yentaba-mlilo ngenxa yendawo yalo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Pacific Ring of Fire," enye yezindawo ezinezintaba-mlilo eziningi eziqhumayo emhlabeni. Kuyo yonke indawo yayo ebanzi, sithola izintaba-mlilo eziye zashintsha izindawo, isimo sezulu esithonyayo, futhi ezibeka engcupheni imiphakathi eminingi kuwo wonke umlando.

Kusukela eziqhumeni ezineziqhumane ezinamandla ukuya kuma-volcanic caldera alele amandla okubhubhisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezintaba-mlilo e-United States kuseyisihloko socwaningo oluqhubekayo yizikhungo ezinjenge-United States Geological Survey (USGS). Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukusatshalaliswa kwezintaba-mlilo kulo lonke elase-United States, sigqamise lezo ezibhekwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu, futhi sihlaziye izici ezinquma izinga lokusongela ngakunye.

Izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu ezisebenzayo e-United States

I-United States iyikhaya labangaphezu kwalokho Izintaba-mlilo ezingase zibe ngu-170, ngokugxila okubalulekile ezifundazweni ezifana ne-Alaska, i-Hawaii, i-Oregon, iWashington neCalifornia. Ezinye zalezi zintaba-mlilo zisanda kuqhuma, kanti ezinye zisalele kodwa zinomlando womsebenzi omkhulu.

Phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo ezisaqhuma neziyingozi kakhulu e-United States yilezi:

• I-Volcano yaseKilauea (IHawaii): Ingenye yezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu emhlabeni futhi isihlangabezane neziningi imishayo emashumini eminyaka adlule.
• Mount St. Helens (Washington): Yaziwa ngokuqhuma kwayo okulimazayo ngo-1980, iseyindaba engaguquki ukuqapha.
• I-Mount Rainier (Washington): Yize ingazange ibe nokuqhuma kwakamuva, ukusondela kwayo eSeattle kanye nekhono layo lokukhiqiza lahars amenze abe usongo olukhulu.
• I-Mount Shasta (California): Itholakala eNyakatho yeCalifornia, iyintaba yesibili ephakeme kunazo zonke eCascade Range futhi inomlando we ukuqhuma kweziqhumane.
• i-yellowstone caldera (Wyoming): Yize ingakaqhumi muva nje, kodwa amandla okubhubhisa inesithakazelo esikhulu kososayensi.

Kungani ezinye izintaba-mlilo ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye?

Ingozi ye-volcano ayincikile kuphela kuyo umsebenzi oqhumayo, kodwa nezinye izici ezingase zandise ubungozi kubantu. I-USGS isebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe kumibandela eminingi efana nale:

• Imvamisa yokuqhuma: Uma intaba-mlilo isebenza kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuqhuma. ukuqhuma esikhathini esifushane.
• Uhlobo lokuqhuma: Izintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo zenza amakholomu umlotha kanye nokugeleza kwe-pyroclastic, kuyilapho ukugeleza okunamandla kukhiqiza imifula ye-lava.
• Indawo: Intabamlilo eduze kwamadolobha noma ingqalasizinda ebalulekile imelela ingozi enkulu.
• Ukuba khona kwezinguzunga zeqhwa noma iqhwa: Ukusebenzisana kwe-magma neqhwa kungadala ingozi lahars noma ama-volcanic mudslides.
• Umthelela kuthrafikhi yendiza: Amafu omlotha angathinta izindiza emizileni yamazwe ngamazwe.

Izintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu e-United States ngokusho kwe-USGS

Ucwaningo lwe-USGS luhlonze izintaba-mlilo eziwusongo olukhulu e-United States. Kulezi, eziyi-18 zibekwe esigabeni "njengengozi ephezulu kakhulu" ngenxa yendawo yazo nezinga lomsebenzi:

1. I-Kilauea (Hawaii)
2. I-Mount St. Helens (Washington)
3. I-Mount Rainier (Washington)
4. I-Mount Redoubt (Alaska)
5. I-Mount Shasta (California)
6. I-Mount Hood (Oregon)
7. Odade Abathathu (Oregon)
8. I-Akutan Island Volcano (Alaska)
9. Intabamlilo yaseMakushin (Alaska)
10. I-Mount Spurr (Alaska)
11. I-Lassen Volcanic Complex (California)
12. I-Mount Augustine (Alaska)
13. I-Newberry Volcano (Oregon)
14. I-Mount Baker (Washington)
15. I-Glacier Peak (Washington)
16. I-Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
17. I-Crater Lake Volcano (Oregon)
18. I-Long Valley Caldera (California)

Ukuqapha Nokuqapha Intaba-mlilo e-U.S.

Ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ama-ejensi afana ne-USGS kanye ne-Alaska Volcano Observatory asebenzisa okuthuthukile ubuchwepheshe ukutadisha umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuguqulwa komhlaba ezindaweni eziqhumayo ezintaba-mlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuthi siqaphe ngokucophelela izindabazingi okungase kuthinte izifunda ezinkulu.

Ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo, kungenzeka ukukhipha izixwayiso zakuqala futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela imiphakathi eseduze.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Supervolcanos: Izimanga zeGeological kanye Nomphumela Wazo Womhlaba Wonke

Izintaba-mlilo e-United States bezilokhu ziyingxenye eyisisekelo yomlando wemvelo wezwe, zilolonga indawo yalo, zithonya isimo sezulu, futhi zimelela kokubili usongo nombukwane wemvelo ohlaba umxhwele. Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi luhlala lubalulekile ekuqondeni lezi zidlamlilo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi emphakathini. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha nokulungiswa, umthelela wokuqhuma kwesikhathi esizayo ungancishiswa futhi ukuphepha yalabo abahlala eduze kwalezi zakhiwo ezimangalisayo ze-geological.