I-Ecuador idume umhlaba wonke ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo kanye nezindawo ezimangalisayo zezintaba, kodwa kukhona okunye okuchaza umlingiswa wokwakheka komhlaba waleli zwe lase-Andean: izintaba-mlilo zalo. Njengoba kunezintaba-mlilo ezibhalisiwe ezingaphezu kuka-80, eziningi zazo ezisebenzayo noma ezingase zibe namandla, i-Ecuador ikleliswe njengelinye lamazwe anentaba-mlilo ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kusukela ku-silhouette ebabazekayo ye-Chimborazo kuya ekuqhumeni okuqhubekayo kwe-Sangay ne-El Reventador, i-Ecuador iyilabhorethri yemvelo ye-volcanology. Ngezansi, sethula uhambo olubanzi lokuma kwezwe lwezintaba-mlilo zase-Ecuador, okuhlanganisa izintaba-mlilo ezisibekelwe yiqhwa, izintaba-mlilo ezisaqhumayo, nalezo ezilele manje, ezibuye zitshele ingxenye yazo yomlando wezwe wezwe.
I-Avenue of the Volcanoes: indawo yomlilo yase-Andean
Okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Avenue of the Volcanoes" iwumugqa wentaba-mlilo onqamula i-Ecuador usuka enyakatho uya eningizimu, ulandela izintaba zase-Andes. Lolu chungechunge lwezintaba olumangalisayo lwakhiwe izintaba-mlilo ezisaqhuma, ezithule nezimbozwe yiqhwa, ezimile njengabalindi abathule noma ababhongayo ezweni lonke.
Phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo eziyizifanekiselo kakhulu zalo mhubhe kukhona Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Cayambe, Tungurahua and El Altar. Zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile kukho kokubili i-ecosystem yasezintabeni namasiko nengokomoya lemiphakathi yendabuko yendawo.
Ngaphezu kwezindawo ezikhangayo ezinikezayo, lezi ziqhwaga zentaba-mlilo ziphinde zidonse ukunaka kososayensi ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo eqhubekayo kanye nomlando wokwakheka komhlaba obhaliwe. Iqiniso lokuthi amaningi ambozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa lenza i-Ecuador ibe elinye lamazwe ambalwa asezindaweni ezishisayo anezintaba ezigcwele iqhwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintaba-mlilo: ezisebenzayo, ezingasebenzi, nezingase zibe namandla
Izintaba-mlilo zase-Ecuador zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezinga lazo lomsebenzi kanye nobufakazi bendawo. Ngokwe-Geophysical Institute of the National Polytechnic School, izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zikhonjwa: esebenzayo, engase isebenze, futhi engasekho (noma engasebenzi).
Intaba-mlilo eqhumayo yileyo eye yaba nokuqhuma okubhaliwe ezikhathini zomlando, okungukuthi, ngemva kokufika kwamaSpanishi ekhulwini le-16.. Izibonelo ezaziwayo i-Cotopaxi, i-Reventador, i-Sangay, i-Tungurahua ne-Guagua Pichincha.
Izintaba-mlilo okungenzeka ziqhume yilezo ezingazange zibe nokuqhuma kwakamuva, kodwa ezinamarekhodi omsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba eminyakeni eyi-11.800 edlule (inkathi yeHolocene). Lokhu kuhlanganisa izintaba-mlilo ezifana neCerro Negro ne-Antisana.
Okokugcina, izintaba-mlilo ezishabalala azizange zibonise ukuqhuma ezikhathini zanamuhla noma ubufakazi bamuva bokwakheka komhlaba. Zine-morphology eguguleke kakhulu futhi zimbozwe yinhlabathi ewugqinsi, njengoba kunjalo nge-Pasochoa noma i-Imbabura.
Izintaba-mlilo eziphakeme kakhulu e-Ecuador
Ukuphakama kwezintaba-mlilo zase-Ecuador kuyamangalisa, okwenza leli zwe libe indawo eyinhloko yabaqwali bezintaba nabahloli bamazwe. Intaba-mlilo yaseChimborazo ithatha indawo ephezulu ngamamitha angu-6.263, futhi okuthakazelisayo, ngenxa yokuma koMhlaba enkabazwe, isiqongo sawo siyindawo eqhelile ukusuka enkabeni yeplanethi.
Ilandelwa yiCotopaxi (5.897 m), okuphinde kube ngenye yezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu emhlabeni, iCayambe (5.790 m), i-Antisana (5.758 m) ne-El Altar (5.319 m). Zonke ziyingxenye yokhahlamba lwezintaba zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga ye-Andes futhi ngokwengxenye zimbozwe iqhwa elingapheli, eliphakela imifula eyiqhwa ebalulekile ukuze kutholakale amanzi.
Ngenxa yokuphakama nobuhle bazo, lezi zintaba-mlilo ziyizithombe zezwe futhi ziyingxenye yezindawo eziningana ezivikelwe kanye namapaki ezwe.
Izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo neziqhumayo: ukuqapha njalo
Ngokwemininingwane ye-Geophysical Institute, i-Ecuador njengamanje inezintaba-mlilo ezingu-17 ezibhekwa njengezinamandla, ezinye zazo ezihlala ziqhuma. Phakathi kweziphawuleka kakhulu iReventador, iSangay, iTungurahua, iGuagua Pichincha neCotopaxi.
Ngokwesibonelo, iSangay isibe nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha. Itholakala eMorona Santiago, le stratovolcano ibe nomthelela omkhulu esifundeni sase-Amazon ngenxa yokuphuma kwayo njalo kwamagesi nomlotha.
Enye i-colossus engakhathali i-Reventador, ebilokhu iqhuma kusukela ngo-2002. Ukuqhuma okukhulu kokugcina kwakhiqiza insika yomlotha engamakhilomitha angu-17 ukuphakama futhi kwabangela ukuvalwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza saseQuito, kwaphazamisa ingqalasizinda kawoyela yezwe.
Namuhla, i-Reventador iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ukuqhuma kwansuku zonke, ukukhishwa komlotha, ukugeleza kwe-lava kanye ne-pyroclastic, kanye ne-anomalies eshisayo etholwe ama-satellites namakhamera we-imaging ashisayo. Kuye kwatholakala imihosha emaceleni ayo lapho kwehla khona izinto ezishisayo, ezingase zikhiqize ama-lahar uma kunezimvula ezinkulu.
Ukuqapha ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwama-seismometer, amakhamera abonakalayo nashisayo, izinzwa zegesi njengesulphur dioxide, nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe sesathelayithi. Lonke lolu hlelo lokuqapha lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulindela izehlakalo ezingaba yingozi futhi kuvikelwe abantu abaseduze.
Izintaba-mlilo ezithule kanye nefa lazo le-geological
Izintaba-mlilo eziningi zase-Ecuador zibhekwa njengezingasebenzi noma azisekho, okungasho ukuthi azikho ukubaluleka kwe-geological noma izivakashi. Eziningi ziyizindawo zemvelo ezivakashelwa izinkulungwane zabantu unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yamachweba azo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezindawo eziyingqayizivele ezinentaba-mlilo.
Intaba-mlilo yasePululahua, isibonelo, ibhekwa njengengasebenzi, kodwa umgodi wayo usuphenduke indawo evundile, ehlalwa ngenxa yenhlabathi yentaba-mlilo. Le ndawo ihlukaniswa njengeGeobotanical Reserve.
Intaba-mlilo i-Quilotoa, nechweba eliluhlaza elihlaba umxhwele, ingesinye isibonelo sentaba-mlilo ethule ekhazimula ngobuhle bayo. Ukuqhuma kwayo kokugcina kuqale ngekhulu le-18, futhi namuhla ungahamba ngezinyawo uzungeze umgodi wayo.
Amanye, anjenge-Ilaló, iPasochoa, iMojanda, neSoche, ayingxenye yezwe lase-Andes futhi ashiye iminonjana yesikhathi sawo sentaba-mlilo esinezigodi ezigugulekile, amachibi e-crater, nenhlabathi ecebile ngamaminerali.
Izintaba-mlilo zaseGalapagos Islands
Akuzona zonke izinto ezwenikazi. Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos nazo ziyikhaya lezintaba-mlilo ezisaqhuma nezithule, eziyingxenye yesistimu ye-geodynamic eyingqayizivele. Lapha, intaba-mlilo ayihlangene nokuncishiswa kwentaba-mlilo, kodwa nezindawo ezishisayo, njengaleyo eyabangela lezi ziqhingi.
Phakathi kwaziwa kakhulu I-Wolf Volcano (1.710 m), i-Cerro Azul (1.640 m), i-Sierra Negra (1.124 m) kanye neNgqungquthela e-Fernandina Island, egcine ukuqhuma ngo-2020.
Lezi zintaba-mlilo zihlala zisebenza futhi zigadwa amasathelayithi nezinzwa ezikude ngenxa yokufinyelela kwazo okunzima. Ukuqhuma kwakamuva esifundeni kushiye izithombe ezimangalisayo zokugeleza kodaka olufinyelela olwandle.
Ukuqapha e-Galapagos kukhawulelwe ukuba kude kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto, kodwa kusalokhu kubucayi ngenxa yomthelela okungaba nawo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziyingqayizivele zeqoqo leziqhingi.
I-Ecuador iyizwe elakhiwe umlilo wangaphakathi woMhlaba. Izintaba-mlilo zakhona aziwona nje umbukwane wokuma komhlaba, kodwa futhi ziyisixwayiso esiqhubekayo sokuguquguquka kweplanethi. Kusukela emidondoshiya efana ne-Reventador ne-Sangay, kuya ezintabeni ezinhle ezisibekelwe yiqhwa njenge-Chimborazo nezintaba-mlilo ezithule njenge-Pululahua, izwe lase-Andean linikeza umfanekiso oyingqayizivele wezindawo ezinentaba-mlilo, izingozi zemvelo, namathuba esayensi. Ukuqapha nokufunda lezi ziqhwaga kusabalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusimameni kwemiphakathi ehlala eduze kwazo.
