Izintaba ze-Appalachian

Namuhla siza nesihloko se-geology esinesifiso sokufuna ukwazi nesimangazayo. Ake sikhulume nge- Izintaba ze-Appalachian. Uhla lwezintaba olubaluleke kakhulu oluphakathi kweNyakatho Carolina ne-United States. Igama lalo ngesiNgisi yizintaba i-Appalachian futhi liyintaba enezinga elikhulu lokuma komhlaba nokwakheka komhlaba. Inezinhlelo eziningana ezineziqongo ezidlula amamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Ingabe uyafuna ukwazi zonke izici ezibaluleke kakhulu nezimfihlo mayelana nezintaba ze-Appalachian? Kulokhu okuthunyelwe ungathola konke. Vele uqhubeke ufunda 

Izici eziyinhloko

Yize zonke iziqongo zawo zingamamitha ayi-1.000 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kunesiqongo esisodwa esigqame ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye. Imayelana neMount Mitchell futhi itholakala eNyakatho Carolina. Linganisa amamitha angu-2037 futhi liyindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika.

Umsuka wayo wenziwa ekupheleni kwenkathi yePaleozoic ngenkathi kwakhiwa iPangea. IPangea ayilutho olunye ngaphandle kwezwekazi lezwe elikhulu elakhiwa emhlabeni uMhlaba futhi okwakungaleso sikhathi cishe cishe wonke umhlaba owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokubonga ku- umbono wezwekazi wokukhukhula ku.

Njengoba iNyakatho Melika ngaleso sikhathi yayixhunyaniswe neYurophu neNyakatho Afrika, uhla lwezintaba olwalunama-Appalachians lwaluyingxenye yentaba efanayo naleyo kulezi zinsuku eSpain yaziwa njengeLas Villuercas kanye ne-Atlas e-Morocco. Lobu budlelwane bokwakheka komhlaba bungafaniswa nomlando wezinye izintaba ezibalulekile, njenge Izintaba Ezinamadwala futhi i Izintaba zaseCarpathian.

Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka futhi amazwekazi agudluka ngemuva kokuhlukana kwePangea, nakho kwahlukana futhi kanjalo kwakha nohla lwamanje lwezintaba. Kubukeka kungakholeki ukuthi kumazwekazi amathathu ahlukene namuhla kukhona uhla lwezintaba olunezici ezifanayo, olwakheke lapho izwe elikhulu lasePangea lihlanganisa wonke umhlaba.

Umnotho e-Appalachia

Lolu haba lwezintaba lungu-protagonist wemithombo emikhulu yemvelo, ngakho-ke, yezinsizakusebenza zomnotho emphakathini. Lawa amadiphozi amakhulu amalahle e-anthracite namalahle e-bituminous. Izakhamizi zasePennsylvania ziphethe ukukhishwa nokuxhashazwa kwamalahle. Amasimu atholakala entshonalanga phakathi kweMaryland, i-Ohio, iKentucky neVirginia. Zonke lezi zingosi zigcwele imali yamalahle.

Kunendlela yokukhipha amalahle leyo kubeka engcupheni iziqongo zezintaba zase-Appalachian. Futhi kunendlela yokususa phezulu kwentaba ezimayini zamalahle ezibangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezinkulu kanye nemvelo ebalulekile yesifunda sezintaba. Lokho okwenziwa yile ndlela ukuqeda isiqongo saleyo ntaba ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu ukunciphisa ubungozi bezimayini nokwenza ngcono izimo zabasebenzi.

Ukutholakala kwalezi zindawo zamalahle kwenzeka ngo-1859 futhi yilapho imboni yesimanje nokuthengisa kwaqala ukufika kulezi zindawo. Amadiphozithi egesi yemvelo yezohwebo nawo asanda kutholwa, okwenza imboni kawoyela ukuthi iphinde inake ama-Appalachian. Lokhu kuye kwaholela esimweni esifana naleso esihlaselwe ezinye imvelo ezithintwa yizimayini, njenge ILake Michigan.

Kuyihlazo ngempela ukuthi isiza esinenani elinjalo lemvelo nelomlando eMhlabeni silinyazwa umsebenzi womuntu. Kumelwe sicabange ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezintaba lubamba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yocwaningo loMhlaba, kuhlanganise nawo I-orogenesis.

Zingaphezu kuka-500 izintaba ezikhuniwe ezithathwa zibekwa ezinkwalini futhi zisebenzise amalahle ngokugcwele. Le misebenzi idala ukuthi indawo yokuqala ingatholakali. Inani elikhulu lokubhidlizwa komhlaba okwenzekile kulezi zindawo likhiphe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi ezinjenge-ion nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezidale umonakalo omkhulu ekuhlukeni kwezilwane emifuleni nasezigodini zezintaba.

I-Geology, i-flora nezilwane

Izintaba ze-Appalachian zihlukaniswe kabili: ama-Appalachian aseNingizimu kanye neNyakatho. Ngayinye ibuswa isimo sezulu esihlukile kanye nezinqubo ze-geological. Esokuqala, esinendawo ephakeme ephansi, kunenqwaba yemifula egelezela olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean futhi yakhe izifufula eziningi. Isimo sezulu sijwayelekile ogwini futhi kunomswakama. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuguguleka komhlabathi: umoya, iqhwa kanye ne-fluvial.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinama-Appalachians aseNyakatho nathi kunokuguguleka okugelezayo, okuneqhwa nomoya, yize isimo sezulu sinomswakama futhi sinezintaba. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kokuguguleka kuyathakazelisa futhi kungase kuqhathaniswe nezinye izikhathi zokuma komhlaba njenge Isi-Silurian noma i I-Devonian.

Imifula etholakala ezintabeni zase-Appalachian inezici ezikhethekile. Futhi ukuthi zigeleza ngejubane elikhulu zikhiqize izimpophoma ezinhle. Okubaluleke kakhulu YiHudson, iDelaware nePotomac. Le mifula ayinde kakhulu kodwa inomfula omkhulu okwenza kube nezimpophoma. Kunethafa elimaphakathi lapho imifula eminingi yenza khona umnikelo futhi inezigodi ezijulile ezibukeka njengemihosha. Sihlangana neTennessee kanye ne-Ohio. Lezi zindawo ezimbili ezingenelayo ziyiminikelo ebalulekile yomfula e-Mississippi, umfula obuye ube nokuxhumana nomfula Izintaba ze-Appalachian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ayo asezingeni eliphezulu futhi ayakwazi ukuvundisa wonke amasimu akulesi sifunda.

Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, sinezihlahla ezifana ne-fir, i-beech, i-birch, i-cypress, imisedari, i-larch, i-redwood, i-pine emhlophe nephuzi, i-oki, i-chestnut, umlotha, i-maple, i-elm, i-poplar, i-linden, njll. yizimpungushe, i-marten ne-mink. Inyakatho inenqwaba yezinhlobo ezifana ne-elk, i-reindeer, i-elk, ibhere, i-antelope, i-lynx, impisi, njll.

Izindawo ezifakiwe

Ngaphandle kokuthi izintaba zase-Appalachian ziyisikhumbuzo semvelo ngokuphelele, zigqamile ngezindawo ezithile ezifanele ukuvakashelwa. Esokuqala iMnyuziyamu i-Appalachian. Kulenyuziyamu ungafunda kabanzi ngezikhali, amathoyizi, ukukhiqizwa kobumba, njll. Yini eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemuva kwalokho sinezinye izindawo ezifana:

• IShaker Village. Yindawo enamahektha angama-3000 omhlaba futhi inomnyuziyamu, amahhotela okuhlala, izindawo zepikiniki nezitolo.
• Imigede yaseLuay. Lezi yizakhiwo ezinhle ze-calcite lapho amachibi abekwe khona ngaphakathi kwemihume.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izintaba zase-Appalachian ziyisimangaliso semvelo okufanele usibone. Wake waba noma ungathanda ukuhamba?