Umhlaba ugcwele iziqhingi ezithakazelisayo, ezinye zazo ezinezandiso ezihlaba umxhwele ezedlula ngisho ezamazwe amaningi. Kuwo wonke umlando, lezi zingqimba zomhlaba ezinkulu beziyikhaya lempucuko yasendulo, iziphephelo zezilwane ezihlukile kanye nesilungiselelo sezenzakalo zemvelo ezingavamile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola iziqhingi ezinkulu emhlabeni, echaza izici zayo eziyinhloko, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokuhambisana kwendawo yezepolitiki.
Kunokuba zibe izingcezu ezilula zomhlaba ezizungezwe amanzi, lezi ziqhingi zinezindaba, imvelo kanye namasiko awenza ahluke. Kusuka eshidini elikhulu leqhwa IGreenland ehlathini lemvula la Borneo, ngamunye wabo unikeza a ukwakheka kwezwe kanye neqhaza elibalulekile ku-ecology yomhlaba wonke.
1. IGreenland – 2.130.800 km²
IGreenland, ngaphandle kokungabaza, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Itholakala e- I-North Atlantic futhi iyingxenye yoMbuso waseDenmark. Indawo yayo imbozwe kakhulu yiqhwa elikhulu, elingelesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kwe-Antarctica. Lo mkhathi omkhulu oyiqhwa usho ukuthi izimbali zawo zikhawulelwe e-tundra futhi izilwane zayo zibuswa yizinhlobo ezijwayele ukubanda kakhulu, njenge Amabhere ase-Polar, izimpungushe ze-arctic kanye nezimvu zamanzi.
Esinye sezici ezigqama kakhulu eGreenland yilo ukuminyana kwabantu okuphansi. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, iyikhaya lezakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-56.000 XNUMX kuphela, iningi lazo okungama-Inuit. Ngaphezu kokuhambisana kwayo nesimo sezulu kanye neqhaza layo ocwaningweni ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, iGreenland igqama ngokumangazayo kwayo. I-Aurora borealis kanye nabo ama-icebergs amakhulu.
2. New Guinea – 785.783 km²
Itholakala enyakatho ye-Australia, iNew Guinea iyona isiqhingi sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwepolitiki ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye esentshonalanga ingeyako Indonesia futhi elisempumalanga lihambisana nezwe elizimele I-Papua New Guinea. Lesi siqhingi sidume ngakho izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo, ikhaya lezinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukwehlukahluka kwe- izinyoni zepharadesi Kuphawuleka ikakhulukazi eNew Guinea. Njengoba kunezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-700 sezizonke, ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezinomcebo omkhulu wezinyoni emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi alo aminyene afihla izizwe zabomdabu ezindlela zabo zokuphila ziye zashintsha kancane kakhulu phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
3. I-Borneo – 748.168 km²
I-Borneo inesici esiyingqayizivele sokuba ukuphela kwesiqhingi emhlabeni esihlukaniswe phakathi kwamazwe amathathu: I-Brunei, iMalaysia ne-Indonesia, eyakamuva iyona ephethe ingxenye enkulu yendawo yayo. Indawo yayo enamasu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia iyenza ibe iphuzu elibalulekile i-biodiversity yomhlaba wonke, njengoba ihlathi lakhona elishisayo liyikhaya lezinhlobo ezingavamile njenge ama-orangutan futhi i I-Rafflesia arnoldii flower, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
I-Borneo futhi iyindawo ekhangayo yokuhlola, enezindawo ezihlanganisayo izintaba, amahlathi aluhlaza kanye nogu lwasepharadisi. Kodwa-ke, i- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi yenze lesi siqhingi saba indawo ebaluleke kakhulu engxoxweni yezemvelo kanye nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo.
4. I-Madagascar – 587.041 km²
Itholakala endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-400 ukusuka ogwini lwase-Afrika, iMadagascar iyona isiqhingi sesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwayo ngokwendawo kuye kwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ecosystem eyingqayizivele ehlanganisa izinhlobo zezifanekiselo ezifana ama-lemurs futhi i ama-baobabs. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-90% wezitshalo nezilwane zakhona azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kokuba ipharadesi kubathandi bemvelo, iMadagascar iyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22, amasiko abo ayingxube ethakazelisayo yamathonya ase-Afrika nawase-Asia. Yabo Izixhobo zamakhorali kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kuyenza ibe iphuzu elibalulekile elithakaselwayo diving kanye nocwaningo lwezemvelo.
5. Isiqhingi saseBaffin – 507.451 km²
EseCanada, i-Baffin Island ingenkulu kunazo zonke ezweni futhi ingesinye esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu e-Arctic. Yabo izindawo eziqandisiwe Zinikeza izibuko zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, njengama- fjord amakhulu kanye nodedangendlale weqhwa. Kuyisiphephelo se amabhere polar nezinye izilwane ezijwayele izimo zezulu ezinzima.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, inani labantu base-Baffin lincane kakhulu, futhi iningi lezakhamuzi zakhona lingabemiphakathi yama-Inuit. Kodwa-ke, iyindawo ethokozisayo yalabo abafuna okuhlangenwe nakho okweqile njenge i-kayaking phakathi kwe-icebergs noma uhambo lwesihlibhi sezinja.
Lezi ziqhingi ezinhlanu zimelela ezinye zezindawo ezimangalisayo nezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Azigqami nje ngobukhulu bawo, kodwa nangezindawo zazo ezingenakuqhathaniswa, zazo eziphilayo kanye nokubaluleka kwayo kwezemvelo. Ngamunye unendaba ehlukile okufanele ayixoxe futhi iyaqhubeka nokuba yisihloko esifundwayo ososayensi kanye nezihambi kusukela emhlabeni jikelele.