Imiphumela ehlukene yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ayiwathinti wonke amazwe emhlabeni ngokulinganayo. ISpain ingelinye lamazwe lapho i- amagagasi okushisa Benza ngamandla kakhulu futhi kaningi. Ngenkathi kwamanye amazwe izenzakalo zamaza okushisa ngokuvamile zihlala ngokwesilinganiso phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezi-4, e-Spain zihlala phakathi kwezi-4 nezi-5. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi la maza abhalwa kanjani, thintana ukushisa kwamagagasi eSpain.
Kwenziwe isifundo lapho i- Isikhungo Sokuxilongwa Kwezemvelo Nezifundo Zamanzi ze-Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) futhi eshicilelwe kujenali yesayensi Impilo Yemvelo, eyahlaziya amagagasi okushisa enzeke phakathi kuka-1972 no-2012 emazweni angu-18 lapho lezi zimo zezulu ezimbi zivame kakhulu khona. Yimiphi imiphumela oyitholile?
Ucwaningo olwenziwe luhlolisise izibalo zokushisa ezilinganiswe yi-State Meteorological Agency yazo zonke izihloko zesifundazwe. Njengasesomisweni, akukho ncazelo yomhlaba wonke yokuthi ukushisa kuyini. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo belusekelwe emiqondweni eyishumi nambili okuvunyelwene kakhulu ngayo umphakathi wesayensi nocwaningo nalo lwenziwa imithelela yamagagasi okushisa.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholwe ngemuva kwakho konke ukubhaliswa, isilinganiso esiphezulu samaza okushisa sithathwa yiSpain okuthi, ngemuva kweChina, ihole ohlwini lwamazwe anamagagasi okushisa amaningi kusukela kwaqala amarekhodi. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ukwanda kwemvamisa kanye nokuqina kwalezi zenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu kuye kwanda kakhulu kusukela ngo-2003. Lo mkhuba uhlobene nokuthi ISpain namanje ayibhekene noshintsho sezulu.
Lokhu kwanda kwamaza okushisa kwabikezelwa ososayensi njengemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kukhula, imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu iyakhula. ESpain kube nesilinganiso samaza okushisa angama-32 ngonyaka. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zenzeka kanjani, bheka ukuthi amagagasi okushisa enzeka kanjani.
Indawo yaseSpain lapho lezi zigigaba zigxile khona kakhulu isengxenyeni eseningizimu yeNhlonhlo. Izinga lengozi nokufa kwabantu ngenxa yamagagasi okushisa nalo linyukile, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokwazi izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele.
ISpain, njengoba sesishilo ezikhathini eziningi, iyizwe elisengozini enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi izifundo namarekhodi ososayensi aqinisekisa lokhu kuphela. Ukuze uthole imininingwane ngale miphumela, ungafunda mayelana ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nemiphumela yako kumagagasi okushisa.
Kusukela ngo-2015, iSpain ibe nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwemvamisa nobukhulu bamagagasi okushisa. Ngokusho kwe I-State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), amaza okushisa ayiziqephu okufanele zicatshangelwe ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana. Ukuchaza igagasi lokushisa, i-AEMET ithole ukuthi okungenani u-10% weziteshi zezulu kufanele zeqe iphesenti elingu-95 lamazinga okushisa azo omlando aphezulu izinsuku ezintathu zilandelana, umbandela oye wavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubonakale ngokuthi kanjani Amagagasi okushisa abeka izifundazwe ezimbalwa ziqaphile.
Ukubeka lesi simangaliso ngendlela efanele, ehlobo lika-2023, iSpain yabhekana namagagasi okushisa ayisikhombisa: amane eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia naseziqhingini zaseBalearic, namathathu eCanary Islands. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ihlobo elishubile; Kodwa uma uyibheka kabanzi futhi uyiqhathanisa namarekhodi ehlobo langaphambilini, la maza okushisa ayisikhombisa abonisa ukwanda kokuthambekela kokuvama kanye namandla alezi zehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengoba sesazi kakade, kuwumphumela wokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
E-Seville, lapho cishe u-60% wezinsuku zikaJulayi no-August zibona ukuphakama okungaphezu kuka-35°C no-25% ngaphezu kuka-38°C, ukuphakama okungu-38°C kuzoba usuku olushisa kakhulu, kodwa alwanele ukufaneleka njengegagasi lokushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma lokhu kushisa kwenzeka e-Molina de Aragón, lapho u-38°C okuyizinga lokushisa eliphelele eliphelele elirekhodiwe, lawo mazinga okushisa angu-38°C angaba yingxenye yegagasi lokushisa. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, sicela uxhumane amarekhodi okushisa emlandweni waseSpain.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi simo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi amagagasi okushisa ayithinta kanjani impilo yomphakathi. Ucwaningo lwe I-Carlos III Health Institute Ugcizelele ukuthi amagagasi okushisa angaba yimbangela yokwanda kokushona kwabantu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini njengabantu abadala kanye nabantu abanezimo ezivele zikhona. Lezi zifundo zigcizelela i kudingeka kusetshenziswe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela nokuvikela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu futhi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana amagagasi okushisa abulalayo azovame kakhulu.
Ngalokhu, futhi "ngemuva kokuhlola imingcele ehlukene", i incazelo ekhethwe ngu-Aemet Ukukhomba igagasi lokushisa kanje: Kuyisiqephu okungenani sezinsuku ezintathu ezilandelanayo,kuyini okungenani u-10% weziteshi kuthathwa njengokubhalisiwe iphezulu ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95 ochungechunge lwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ansuku zonke ezinyanga zikaJulayi no-Agasti esikhathini sika-1971-2000.
Amagagasi Okushisa Abaluleke Kakhulu eSpain
Mayelana nombandela ukuchaza ukushuba kwegagasi lokushisa, i-Aemet iyakhetha izici ezine: amazinga okushisa bafika, yabo ubude besikhathi, lo ukunwetshwa kwendawo abathintekayo kanye ne wave anomaly, "kudingekile ukulinganisa lezi zici zegagasi ngalinye, uma kufanele zixazululwe futhi ziqhathaniswe." Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zindlela zokunquma, ungavakashela amagagasi okushisa amabi kakhulu eSpain.
Uma lo msebenzi sewenziwe, i-Aemet ikhipha owawo usezingeni. Y kuze kube kuphela leli hlobo futhi idatha ka-2024 ishicilelwe, Lawa kube amagagasi okushisa abaluleke kakhulu eSpain (Peninsula kanye ne-Balearic Islands) kusukela amarekhodi aqala ngo-1975.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizophinde sinikeze a umklomelo okhethekile kuya ekushiseni okubi kakhulu e-Canary Islands, lapho idatha icutshungulwa ngokuzimela.
Amagagasi Okushisa Aphawuleka Kakhulu
4. Igagasi lokushisa lango-Agasti 8-11, 2012
Ngesikhathi se izinsuku ezineNgo-August 2012, kwathinteka igagasi lokushisa Izifundazwe ezingama-40, eyesibili ebanzi kakhulu kuze kube manje. Usuku olufudumele kakhulu kwakungu-August 10, no- izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamagagasi angu-39,5°C; Futhi, nakuba ngalo mqondo, leli gagasi lidlulwa ngabanye abasesilinganisweni, kwezinye izimo ukunwetshwa kwendawo okufanayo bekukuncane (iqiniso elibuye libe nomthelela).
Ngokusho kwe-Aemet, amagagasi okushisa afinyelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu avame ukuba yilawo mancane endaweni futhi athinte izindawo ezifudumele. Nokho, endabeni yaleli wave, Njengoba idlulela cishe kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo - eneziteshi eziningi engxenyeni esenyakatho - izinga lokushisa elitholiwe lilinganiselwe.. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani Amagagasi okushisa nawo angaba yizimo ezingavamile.
3. Igagasi lokushisa elisuka kuJulayi 30 kuya ku-Agasti 14, 2003
cunt Isikhathi sezinsuku eziyi-16, leli kube igagasi lokushisa lesithathu elide kunawo wonke emlandweni futhi elithintekile Izifundazwe ezingama-38. Njengasendabeni edlule, I-wave anomaly yayingu-3,7ºC. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobo lika-2003 lalishisa kakhulu lilonke, lingelesibili ngokufudumala ochungechungeni kuze kube manje, ngezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile likazwelonke elingu-23,6°C, ngemva kuka-2022, elalinezinga lokushisa eliyisilinganiso elingu-24,0°C,” kuchaza u-Aemet. Kulo nyaka, njengabanye, ubonisa inkambiso ekhulayo yamagagasi okushisa eSpain.
2. Igagasi lokushisa elisuka kuJuni 27 kuya kuJulayi 22, 2015
Igagasi lokushisa lesibili elibaluleke kakhulu elikhonjwe yi-Aemet yePeninsula kanye neziQhingi zaseBalearic yilelo lasehlobo lika-2015, okuthe, ubude bezinsuku ezingama-26, Kube yigagasi lokushisa elide kunawo wonke emlandweni. Ngokwezinga layo, leli gagasi lokushisa lithintekile kuze kufike ezifundazweni ezingama-30.
Usuku olufudumele kakhulu kwakunguJulayi 6; Ngalolu suku, cishe yonke iNhlonhlo - ngaphandle kwenyakatho-ntshonalanga - yeqa ku-40°C kanye no-45,2°C yaqoshwa eziteshini zaseCórdoba/Airport naseMontoro, naseCórdoba. Ngokuqondene nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lamagagasi, lalingu-37,6 °C. Lo mcimbi uphawula iphuzu elibalulekile emlandweni wamagagasi okushisa eSpain, njengoba umelela isibonelo esicacile salokho okwenzeka ehlobo elibi kakhulu, njengoba kuye kwabonwa ihlobo elome kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
1. Igagasi lokushisa elisuka kuJulayi 9 kuya ku-26, 2022
Futhi indawo yokuqala iya ku… Igagasi lesibili lokushisa lasehlobo lango-2022! Lelo gagasi lenzeka phakathi kukaJulayi 9 no-26 futhi laba ne- Ubude bezinsuku eziyi-18 (okwesibili ubude ochungechungeni). Lokhu, ngaphezu kwalokho, Ihlanganiswe nesandiso esikhulu nokuqina: kube yigagasi elithinte izifundazwe eziningi (44) futhi elishube kakhulu, ne-wave anomaly engu-4,5 °C..
“Ngakho-ke, igagasi lokushisa elibanzi kakhulu nelinamandla kanye nelesibili elide kakhulu, uma kubhekwa isimo sokuthi ngemva kokuphumula kwezinsuku ezintathu kuphela, ngo-July 14 kwaqala igagasi lokushisa elisha elaqhubeka kwaze kwaba u-August XNUMX,” kwethula i-Aemet.
La Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamagagasi lalingu-38,1 °C, eyabhaliswa ngo-July 14. Ngalolo suku, amazinga okushisa enkabeni naseningizimu yenhlonhlo, nasezindaweni ezithile zaseCatalonia, eCastile naseLeón, naseGalicia, eqa u-40°C; futhi kwezinye iziteshi ezisezigodini zaseTagus, eGuadiana naseGuadalquivir, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-45 °C. Ngokufanayo, amazinga okushisa amancane nawo abephezulu kakhulu. Leli gagasi lokushisa liqinisa umqondo wokuthi Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kuthinta izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Umklomelo Okhethekile: Obaluleke kakhulu eCanary Islands
Eziqhingini zaseCanary kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha igagasi lokushisa elibaluleke kakhulu, ngokusho kuka-Aemet, "kodwa sizokhetha eliphawuleka kakhulu. eyenzeke phakathi kuka-Agasti 5 no-15, 1976, eyathatha izinsuku ezingu-11, ne-anomaly engu-6,1 ° C kanye nezifundazwe ezimbili ezithintekile.".
Amanye amarekhodi okufanele akhunjulwe
Ukushisa kuphinde kwashiya amarekhodi athile eSpain okufanele akhunjulwe. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu elirekhodiwe eSpain kuze kube manje ngu 47,6ºC, e-La Rambla (Córdoba) ngo-Agasti 14, 2021.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isihloko sasehlobo esishisa kakhulu -kuzwelonke futhi kusukela amarekhodi aqala ngo-1961- kwakuyihlobo de 2022, lapho izinsuku ezingama-41 zamagagasi okushisa anqwabelana. Ngawo lowo nyaka, yabhaliswa igagasi lokuqala lokushisa lesibili; Eyokuqala yayingoJuni 11, 1981 futhi yathatha izinsuku eziyisithupha.
Uma idatha ibhekwa ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, kuyagqanyiswa ukuthi, Kuleli sonto, iplanethi ihlangabezane nosuku olushisa kakhulu emlandweni wakamuva., ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala evela ku-Copernicus Climate Change Service. Njengoba sichazile kulesi sihloko, irekhodi belizokwenzeka ngoJulayi 21, 2024, ngezinga lokushisa eliphakathi komhlaba elingu-17,09°C. Kodwa akugcinanga lapho: ngemva nje kosuku olulodwa, leli rekhodi laphinde laphulwa, lafinyelela ku-17,15ºC.
Umfanekiso osebenza njengesiphetho sesimo osekunesikhathi senzeka: iplanethi enguMhlaba iye izinyanga eziyishumi nambili ezilandelanayo zephula amarekhodi okushisa enyanga ehambisanayo. Phakathi kwabo, i UJuni kwakuyinyanga eshisa kakhulu emlandweni, okwengeza ingcindezi kumagagasi okushisa eSpain nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, futhi ngokwemibiko evela ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-World Meteorological Organization (WMO) kanye ne-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), iplanethi ifudumala ngezinga elingakaze libonwe. Ngo-2023, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lomhlaba lalicishe libe ngu-1,4°C ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sangaphambi kwezimboni.
Lokhu kukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni wonke kubangelwa ukugcwala okuphezulu kwamagesi abamba ukushisa (njenge-carbon dioxide ne-methane) emkhathini. Futhi lokhu akubangeli nje ukufudumala kanjalo, kodwa futhi a ukwanda kokuqina kanye nemvamisa yezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu - njengamagagasi okushisa - emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungabheka imephu engozini yomlilo eSpain.
Phakathi kuka-1975 no-2000, kwakukhona iminyaka eyisikhombisa enegagasi lokushisa elingaphezu kwelilodwa; Kodwa phakathi kuka-2001 no-2023, lesi sibalo siphindeke kabili, kurekhodiwe iminyaka engu-15 yamagagasi okushisa amaningi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthambekela okusobala kwesimo sezulu, okungabonakala ekwandeni kwe.
I-Spain, ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yendawo yayo kanye nezici zezulu, ihlangabezane nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwemvamisa yeziqephu zokushisa okukhulu., ikakhulukazi kusukela ngawo-70 Ngokuka-Aemet, Phakathi kuka-1975 no-2000, kwakuneminyaka eyisikhombisa enegagasi lokushisa elingaphezu kwelilodwa; Kodwa phakathi kuka-2001 no-2023, lesi sibalo siphindeke kabili, kwaqoshwa iminyaka engu-15 yamaza okushisa amaningi (futhi lokho kucabangela isikhathi esifushane kancane).
Ungase uzizwe ushisa kakhulu ngenkathi ufunda lokhu; Ungase ube nesithukuthezi ngokuzwa ngakho noma ungase ucabange, "Ngiyazi ukuthi kuyashisa, asikho isidingo sokuphinda ungitshele!" Kodwa Yilokhu kuphindaphinda okufanele kuphakamise izinsimbi ezihlabayo.: Ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyaphuthuma.
