Kamo'oalewa Ibe ngenye yama-asteroids angaqondakali kakhulu esibhakabhakeni esiseduze noMhlaba. Selokhu yatholakala ngo-2016, le ndikimba encane yasezulwini ivuse isithakazelo sezazi zezinkanyezi emhlabeni wonke ngoba, ngokungafani nezinye izinkanyezi zasemkhathini, ukwakheka kwayo kanye nendlela elandelana ngayo iphakamisa ukufana okusolisayo nesathelayithi yethu, Luna.
Ingabe kungaba ucezu lwenyanga olwakhishwa phakathi nethonya ezigidini zeminyaka edlule? Uphenyo lwesayensi oluningana lukhomba kuleyo ndlela. Kulesi sihloko, singena ekuhlaziyeni ukuzungeza kwayo, umsuka wayo okungenzeka, kanye nemishini yesikhathi esizayo engaxazulula le mfihlakalo ye-cosmic.
Uyini ngempela uKamo'oalewa?
Kamo'oalewa, eyaziwa nangokuthi 469219 Kamo'oalewa o 2016 HO3, yatholwa okokuqala yisibonakude se-Pan-STARRS eHawaii. Igama laso ngesiHawaii lisho "ucezu olushwibilikayo lwasezulwini," isidlaliso esibhekisela kukho kokubili usayizi waso omncane kanye nokunyakaza kwawo okungajwayelekile kwe-orbital.
Akuyona isathelayithi yemvelo yoMhlaba njengeNyanga, kodwa ka i-quasi-satellite. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, nakuba lizungeza iLanga, umkhondo walo uhambisana nowoMhlaba, okubangela ukuthi lihlale liseduze neplanethi yethu isikhathi eside. Ngobuchwepheshe, ichaza i-resonance orbit engu-1:1 noMhlaba.
Ngobubanzi obulinganiselwe phakathi 40 namamitha ayi-100I-Kamo'oalewa ingenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezaziwayo zohlobo lwayo. Eqinisweni, ama-quasi-satellites amahlanu kuphela arekhodiwe ahambisana noMhlaba, lokhu okufinyeleleka kakhulu ocwaningweni oluhlelekile.
I-hypothesis yemvelaphi yenyanga
Iminyaka eminingi, izazi zezinkanyezi zazisola ukuthi i-Kamo'oalewa kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona i-asteroid evamile. Umkhondo wokuqala wavela lapho kuhlaziywa yakhe isignesha ye-spectroscopic, okungukuthi, indlela elibonakalisa ngayo ukukhanya kwelanga. Umphumela wawumangalisa: I-spectrum yayo yayifana kakhulu neyama-silicates agugulekile akhona endaweni yenyanga.
Izifundo eziholwa ngu Benjamin Sharkey y UJuan Sánchez evela eNyuvesi yase-Arizona, eshicilelwe kumajenali afana nala Nature Astronomy y Ezokuxhumana Umhlaba Nemvelo, yahlaziya lokhu kuboniswa kokukhanya futhi yaqhathanisa namasampuli abuyiswe yimishini ye-Apollo. Baphetha ngokuthi I-spectrum yayihambisana kakhulu namadwala enyanga kunamanye ama-asteroids esimisweni sonozungezilanga esiseduze., eqinisa ucwaningo mayelana la Luna.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hue yayo ebomvu kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo ku amaminerali afana ne-pyroxene wagcizelela umqondo wokuthi u-Kamo'oalewa kungenzeka ukuthi wadatshulwa eNyangeni ngesikhathi somthelela omkhulu.
Ingavela kuyiphi ingxenye yeNyanga?
Okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu okutholwe uKamo'oalewa ukuxhumana okungenzeka ne Giordano Bruno crater, etholakala ohlangothini olukude lweNyanga. Le crater inobubanzi be 22 amakhilomitha kanye neminyaka elinganiselwe ephakathi Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-1 nengama-10, okuhambisana nezibalo zokuthi inesikhathi esingakanani i-asteroid ikule nqubo ehambisanayo noMhlaba.
Ukulingiswa kwezinombolo okwenziwa amaqembu aphesheya Babonise ukuthi izingcezu ezithile zenyanga ezikhishwe ngesivinini esanele zingaphunyuka ohlelweni lwe-Earth-Moon futhi zigcine zisemizileni efana neye-Kamo'oalewa. Nakuba amathuba ephansi (phakathi I-0.8% ne-6.6%, kuye ngamapharamitha asetshenzisiwe), ayikhishelwa ngaphandle uma kunikezwe ubufakazi be-spectroscopic.
U-Kamo'oalewa: Umhambi Ophikelelayo
Esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zale asteroid ukuthi ibilokhu izungeza eduze noMhlaba izigidi zeminyaka. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezinemizila yesikhashana, i-Kamo'oalewa kucatshangwa ukuthi ikwazile ukuzinza ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto ezithinta amandla adonsela phansi kanye nendlela yayo ethile emise okwesicathulo sehhashi noma i-quasi-satellite.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi UJosé Daniel Castro-Cisneros y Renu Malhotra, lokhu kuzinza akukona okwaphakade. Kubikezelwa ukuthi esikhathini esithile esizayo, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla adonsela phansi okuvela eLangeni naseMhlabeni kungenzeka shintsha umjikelezo wayo, uyixoshe endaweni yoMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho ngeke lwenzeke izigidi zeminyaka, lunikeza isikhathi esanele sokuyifunda ngokujulile.
Ukunyakaza kweNyanga ziyisici esibalulekile ocwaningweni lwama-asteroids afana ne-Kamo'oalewa.
Imishini ezosiza ukuxazulula imfihlakalo
Ukuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile umsuka we-Kamo'oalewa, izifundo ze-spectroscopic azanele. Amasampula wangempela adinga ukuhlaziywa of the asteroid, into engase ibonakale ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa I-Chinese Tianwen-2 mission.
I-China ihlela ukwethula lo msebenzi wokuvelela ngo-2025, ngenhloso yoku uhlale e-Kamo'oalewa, uqoqe amasampula, bese uwabuyisela eMhlabeni. Uma kuphumelele, kuzoba ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi into yasemkhathini ixhunywe ngqo ne-crater ethile eNyangeni, futhi izophawula ingqopha-mlando ekuhloleni ama-asteroids aseduze ne-Earth.
Imithelela yesayensi kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona
Ukufunda i-Kamo'oalewa akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde kangcono umlando weNyanga kanye nesimiso sonozungezilanga, kodwa futhi iphakamisa imibuzo emisha mayelana nezingozi ezibangelwa yilezi zinto.
I-NASA nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe bhala ngokucophelela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izinto eziseduze-Earth" (NEOs) efuna izinsongo ezingase zibe khona. Nakuba i-Kamo'oalewa ingenayo ingozi esheshayo, ukuba khona kwayo kuphakamisa lokho Kungase kube nezinye izingcezu zenyanga, ezingakatholwa., ezungeza endaweni eseduze.
Lezi zingcezu, nakuba zizincane kunama-asteroid amakhulu, zingacatshangelwa abangaba "ababulali bedolobha" uma bebezoba nomthelela eMhlabeni, okwenza kubaluleke nakakhulu ukukhomba imvelaphi yabo kanye nomgudu wabo.
Ukusebenzelana phakathi kweNyanga nezinye izindikimba zasemkhathini zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka komkhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwazi kahle ukuthi ucezu lungaphunyuka kanjani endaweni yamandla adonsela phansi enyangeni futhi lufinyelele ku-orbital co-orbital nakho kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa. ukuklanywa kwemishini yasemkhathini kanye nocwaningo lwemigwaqo emikhulu yamandla adonsela phansi ngaphakathi kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
I-Kamo'oalewa iyekile ukuba yindawo elula ehambayo esibhakabhakeni futhi isiphenduke insalela yangempela yesikhala. Inhlanganisela yobufakazi be-spectroscopic, ukulingiswa kwe-orbital, kanye nemishini yesikhathi esizayo efana ne-Tianwen-2 kusisondeza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi le asteroid engavamile ngempela ingxenye yeNyanga engekho. Uma kuqinisekisiwe, singase sibona udaba lokuqala olubhaliwe lwesiqephu senyanga esibanjwe kumdanso we-orbital noMhlaba, siveza izimfihlo mayelana nomthelela we-cosmic, ukwakheka kwe-crater, kanye nokuvela okuguquguqukayo kwesistimu sonozungezilanga.
