Kungani izindiza zindiza

Nakuba sisonyakeni ka-2022 basebaningi abantu abangaqondi Kungani izindiza zindiza. Abantu bebelokhu befisa ukundiza esibhakabhakeni futhi bahambe ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze bahlole wonke amagumbi omhlaba wethu. Ngenxa yezifundo zesayensi nefiziksi, lokhu kuye kwenzeka, futhi namuhla izindiza zibaluleke ngempela ekuphileni kwethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni samanje, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izici ezithile, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, zingathinta kanjani isiphithiphithi ezindizeni.

Kulesi sihloko sizokuchazela ukuthi kungani izindiza zindiza nokuthi leso siphetho safinyelelwa kanjani.

Kungani izindiza zindiza

Impendulo elula iwukuthi izindiza ziyakwazi ukundiza ngoba zenzelwe ukundiza. Kanye ne-transatlantic engaphezu kuka amathani angu-100.000 anomumo kanye nomklamo wangaphakathi oyivumela ukuthi ihlale emanzini, indiza inomumo oyivumela ukuba ihlale emoyeni. Akuyona into eyimilingo. Okuxakayo futhi okumangalisayo ukuthi amabhanoyi awakwazi ukundiza ngendlela ahamba ngayo. Isihluthulelo sokuma kwayo ngamaphiko nokuklama kwawo.

Impendulo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu iwukuthi indiza ikweleta ukundiza kwayo ngokugeleza komoya phakathi kwamaphiko. Ngakho singaphetha ngokuthi ukuze indiza indize, ukugeleza komoya kuyadingeka, noma ngamanye amazwi, isivinini esihlobene nomoya. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi izimo zezulu nazo zithonya indiza, njengoba kungabonakala endabeni ye I-Brocken specter okungabonwa endizeni.

Izindiza zindiza ngaphansi kwamandla ahlukahlukene ezindizeni ezivundlile nezime mpo.. Ukuze indiza iphakame, amandla akhiqizwa i-eksisi eqondile (lift in aeronautical parlance) kufanele eqe isisindo sendiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-axis evundlile, ngenxa yamagesi okukhipha injini, isimiso sokusabela senzeka, sikhiqize amandla angaphambili anqoba ukumelana komoya. Lapho indiza igibela ngesivinini esingaguquki futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwayo lapho izulazula, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukulingana kwamandla kufinyelelwa kokubili eksisini emile (lift ilingana nesisindo) kanye nase-eksisi evundlile, lapho i-lift ilingana nesisindo. I-Engine thrust ilingana nokudonsa okunikezwa umoya.

Kungani izindiza zindiza: izimiso eziyisisekelo

Umlingo uyenzeka lapho uthola ukuphakama. Lapho, kufanele sichaze isethi yezimiso zakhe. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuphakama kufinyelelwa ngamaphiko endiza. Uma sibasika sizothola lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iphrofayili yephiko, ingxenye enephiko ngaphakathi.

Kusukela endaweni yokubuka ye-aerodynamic, isigaba sinomumo osebenza kahle kakhulu. Unqenqema lapho kungena khona umoya lapho indiza indiza iyindilinga, ingxenye engemuva yephrofayili ibukhali, futhi ibuye igobe phezulu (ngolimi lwe-aeronautical, le ngxenye engenhla ibizwa ngokuthi i-arc yangaphandle futhi ingxenye engezansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-arc yangaphakathi). Lokhu kugoba kwephrofayili yephiko kusho ukuthi lapho ukugeleza komoya kuhlangana nakho, kuhlukana kube izindlela ezimbili, ingxenye eyodwa phezu kwephiko enye iye phansi.

Kukhona i-theorem, i-theorem kaBernoulli, okungukuthi ngokuyisisekelo ukongiwa kwamandla, futhi uthi ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ukugeleza komoya okuvela phezulu kufanele kuhambe ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingcindezi incane kunezansi, ihamba ngesivinini esincane futhi ifaka umfutho ongaphezulu. Umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kokugeleza komoya okuphezulu nangaphansi kudala ukuphakama. Nakuba lokhu kuphakanyiswa kwesimiso sikaBernoulli akuchazi konke okudingeka indiza ikhuphuke. Ukuchaza ukuphakama kuyadingeka ukuphendukela kolunye uchungechunge lwezimiso zomzimba. Ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lawa misinga akhiwa kanjani esihlokweni esihlobene esithi isiphithiphithi nangaye ukuziphatha kwe-jet stream okubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukundiza.

Omunye wawo umthetho wesithathu kaNewton. Ngenxa yokuma okugobile kwephrofayili, umoya ovela phezulu, esikhundleni sokulandela indlela eqondile, uqondiswe phansi. Lokhu kuchezuka okubangelwa iphrofayili yophiko ekugelezeni komoya kusho ukuthi ngenxa yomthetho wesithathu ka-Newton (isimiso sokusabela-senzo), amandla okusabela adalwa ngokuphambene, ngaphezu kwephiko, elikhiqiza ukuphakama okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuphakamisa kunyuswa ngomphumela owaziwa ngokuthi Umthelela we-Coanda osebenza kuwo wonke uketshezi lwe-viscous. Ngakho-ke, umphumela we-Coanda Kuyafaneleka ekuchazeni ukuthi ukuphakamisa kufinyelelwa kanjani ezindizeni.

Incazelo eningiliziwe

Umphumela we-Coanda ubangela uketshezi ukuthi zithole izindawo ezingaphezulu endleleni yabo futhi kuvame ukunamathela kuzo. Isendlalelo somngcele sakhiwe phakathi kwephrofayili yephiko nokugeleza komoya njengesendlalelo se-laminar, esokuqala sinamathela ephikweni futhi sihudule zonke ezinye izendlalelo ngaphezulu kwayo. Umphumela womthetho wesithathu ka-Newton uthuthukiswa nakakhulu lapho ukugeleza komoya kubambelela kuphrofayela, umoya uzogeleza ubheke phansi njengoba unamathela kuphrofayela.

Konke lokhu kukhuphuka ngesivinini somoya. Ekuqaleni komqulu wokusuka, indiza ishesha kancane kancane, ngakho ukuphakamisa kukhuphuka ngesivinini. Ungakwazi ukukuqonda kangcono ngesibonelo. Uma sikhipha izandla zethu ngefasitela lemoto, njengoba ijubane landa, siphawula ukuthi amandla omoya athambekele ekuphakamiseni izandla.

Kodwa okwenza indiza ikhuphuke ukuphakamisa ikhala, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwandisa i-angle yokuhlasela. I-engeli yokuhlasela i-engeli eyakhiwe ukugoqa kwamanje kuphrofayela yephiko ngokuhlobene naleyo phrofayela. Uma i-lift ikhula ngokugoba kwephrofayili yephiko (inweba indawo enayo: ama-slats angaphambili nama-flap angemuva), amakheshi aqina umsila ayanyakaza. Lesi senzo siyakwenza ikhala lendiza liyaphakama. Ngekhala phezulu, sandisa i-angle yokuhlasela. Lokhu kuba nomphumela ofanayo nokuthi uma sikhipha isandla sethu ngefasitela lemoto, uma siphakamisa isandla sibheke lapho sihamba khona, isandla siya phezulu. Zonke lezi zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuphakamisa indiza.

Njengoba ubona, ngenxa yocwaningo nemibono eminingi, izindiza ziye zakwazi ukundiza futhi zaba ingxenye yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi kungani izindiza zindiza.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Isakhiwo Somkhathi: Izendlalelo Nokwakheka Okuningiliziwe