Izikhukhula, ngokungangabazeki ezingenye yezinhlekelele zemvelo eziyinselele neziphawuleka kakhulu, ziwusongo olukhulu hhayi nje ngenxa yengozi yazo engokwemvelo kodwa nangenxa yokucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwabantu nezinto ezibonakalayo eziwubangelayo. Nokho, abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani izikhukhula zenzeka kwezinye izindawo hhayi kwezinye. Lokhu kunempendulo yakho kumuntu kanye ne-ecosystem.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela kungani izikhukhula zenzeka kwezinye izindawo hhayi kwezinye.
Umsuka wezikhukhula
Imvelaphi yale nhlekelele ethile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingokwemvelo noma ibangelwa izenzo zomuntu, iwulwazi olubalulekile okufanele lucatshangelwe. Ukwengeza, imiphumela elimazayo yedamu noma ukwehluleka kwamapayipi amakhulu nakho kungaholela ekucekeleni phansi okusabalele endaweni ethile.
Izikhukhula izinhlekelele zemvelo ezibonakala ngokuchichima kwamanzi ezindaweni ezivamile ezomile. Lapho amanzi ethatha izindawo ngokuvamile ezomile nezingafinyeleleki, kuba nezikhukhula. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani izikhukhula zenzeka kwezinye izindawo hhayi kwezinye, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza izimbangela zazo eziyinhloko.
Uma kubhekwa isithombe esikhulu, izimbangela zesikhukhula zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: izimbangela zemvelo kanye nezimbangela zabantu.
- Uma umfula uba namanzi amaningi ngokweqile, kuba nokuchichima.
- Kunemvula enkulu
- Thaw
- Amagagasi athola ukwanda okukhulu kokuphakama.
- Ukuzamazama kolwandle
- Izenzo nokuziphatha kwabantu.
- Ukuphuka kwedamu
- Ukuthwebula
- Ngaphansi kobuso bolwandle, izinguquko ezingaguquki nezinamandla zenzeka kuma-tectonic plate oMhlaba.
- Ama-tsunami
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Izimbangela zezikhukhula
Ukuvela kwezikhukhula kungabangelwa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko: izimbangela zabantu kanye nezimbangela zemvelo. Ngalo mqondo, ukuqonda umehluko nobudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zici kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi kungani izikhukhula zenzeka kwezinye izindawo hhayi kwezinye.
Izikhukhula ezibangelwa izici zemvelo
Ukwenzeka kwezikhukhula ezibangelwa izici zemvelo kulandela iphethini ehlukile, enezikhawu ezingaba amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa. Lezi zikhawu zihlanganisa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuncibilika kweqhwa, imvula nezikhukhula ezilandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda la maphethini kusiza ukubikezela kangcono nokulungiselela izinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Izikhukhula eziyingozi kakhulu yilezo ezenzeka ngenxa yezenzakalo zemvelo, njengoba ngokuvamile zingaphezu kwamandla abantu. Nokho, ukunquma ukuvama kwayo kuwumsebenzi oyinselele, njengoba idatha ethembekile yomlando iyashoda ukuze ibalwe ngokunembile.
Ukuthola ulwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe lezi zikhukhula kusekelwe kulokho okwenzekayo mathupha, okuzogcina kuvimbele izinhlekelele eziningi. Okwamanje, Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izikhukhula ezinkulu neziyingozi kakhulu ezibangelwa izenzakalo zemvelo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi lezi zimbangela zithonya kanjani izikhukhula, ungathintana Yini isikhukhula? futhi baqonde kangcono umsuka wayo.
Ukuqashwa komhlaba kuletha enye inselele okufanele sibhekane nayo. Ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza komfula kuyisenzakalo esivamile phakathi neminyaka. Imvamisa, imiphakathi esungule ukuba khona unomphela endaweni ethile ijwayelene nezindawo ezijwayele ukukhukhulwa yimifula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziteshi zihlala ihlanzekile ukuze kuvinjwe izikhukhula ngokweqile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezibangelwa ukwenyuka kwezinga lemifula ngendlela engakaze ibonwe.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho lokhu kungelona iqiniso, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kuvumela ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezithandwa yizikhukhula, ezibeka impilo yabantu abahlala khona engozini. Izikhukhula ezenzeka ngenxa yezenzo zabantu. Ukuze uthole izibonelo ezithile zezindawo ezithintekile, njenge izikhukhula eTorrevieja, bheka ingxenye ehambisanayo.
Nakuba izikhukhula zemvelo ngokuvamile ziyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo abhubhisayo, kusehlaba umxhwele ukubona imiphumela elimazayo ebangelwa yilolu hlobo lwesikhukhula.
I-greenhouse effect ibhekisela esimweni sokwandisa izinga lokushisa lomkhathi ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwamagesi, ikakhulukazi i-carbon dioxide. Lokhu kubangela ukuncibilika kweqhwa okuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziningana. Uma le nqubo yenziwa ngokushesha, singase singahlonyi ngokwanele ukubhekana nemiphumela engaba khona. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusithinta kanjani lesi simo, ungathintana izikhukhula nomthelela wazo wesikhathi esizayo.
Ukwakhiwa ezifundeni ezingakwazi ukufinyelela ogwini okulinganiselwe kubangela usongo olukhulu ezindaweni ezingaphansi kolwandle noma ezakhiwe ezindaweni eziwumngcingo, njengoba zisengozini yokushabalala. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kuzithinta kanjani izindawo ezisogwini, buyekeza ingozi eNew York.
Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga amanzi ngenxa yezimo zokuncibilika kuyingozi enkulu yezikhukhula engokwemvelo. Esinye isici esinomthelela engcupheni yezikhukhula amadamu. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu. Esinye isondlo esinganele, lapho idamu elinganakekelwa kahle lingaphuka ngezikhathi zemvula enkulu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi amachibi anomthelela kanjani ekukhukhuleni, vakashela indima yamadamu.
Uma ukuguqulwa kwamashaneli kungacatshangelwa, kunengozi yezikhukhula ezingase zithinte imiphakathi, njengoba amanzi eyohlale ethola indlela yawo yokubuyela emseleni wawo wemvelo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalolu daba, sicela uthintane imiphumela yezimvula.
I-hydraulic stimulation, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-fracking, iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kukawoyela negesi ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le ndlela inemiphumela ebalulekile yezemvelo futhi inomthelela ekwandeni kokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni. Lokhu kungase kwenyuse ingozi yokukhukhuleka kwe-tsunami ezindaweni ezisogwini, njengoba kuchazwe ku izikhukhula eSri Lanka.
Indlela izikhukhula ezixazululeka ngayo
Emazweni athuthukile, izinhlelo zokuvikela nokuvimbela sezifinyelele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ezihlanganisa izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene njengama-gabions, izindonga zama-breakwater, amadikhi, ama-motes nezithiyo zensimbi. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukunciphisa ukuba sengozini kwezindawo zasemadolobheni ezenzakalweni ezimbi kakhulu ezingaba khona.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ezithuthukisiwe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxwayisa abantu ngokushesha mayelana nezingozi ezingaba khona ezimweni eziyingozi, njengamagagasi amakhulu nama-tsunami, ngokubikezela isimo sezulu kanye nokuqapha imigudu yemifula nezikhukhula. Ngokwesibonelo, eNetherlands, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamadikhi lulawula ngokuphumelelayo ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Amadamu adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ngezikhathi zesomiso nokulawula ukugcwala kwemifula. Ukuze kuliwe nenkinga yezikhukhula, amadolobha afana neValencia neSeville asebenzise isu elaziwa ngokuthi ukuphambukisa imigudu yomfula. Inhloso wukuqondisa kabusha umzila womfula ukuze ugweme ukuchichima.
Amaphrojekthi amakhulu okuhambisa imifula, njengalawo aseRhine noma eSegura, zidale impikiswano enkulu ngenxa yemvelo yazo ehlasela kakhulu emifuleni.. Imizamo yokutshala kabusha amahlathi emifuleni ephezulu naphakathi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wemvula enamandla kanye nezikhukhula ezilandelayo.
Inhloso eyinhloko yezindonga zamanzi abhodlozayo ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikela ukuguguleka kwezindlu zokungena nezintuba zokudonsa amanzi, kanye nasezinsikeni, ama-abutments nezinye izakhiwo ezihlanganisa imigudu, izinqe zokudonsa amanzi, imimango noma izindonga ezibambayo.
