Ngokusho theory of the I-Plate Tectonics, ishalofu lezwekazi leplanethi yethu lihlukaniswe laba amapuleti alokhu enyakaza ngenxa yama-convection currents esembathweni soMhlaba. Ukuhamba njalo kwamazwekazi kuzodala lokho ngaphakathi Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-250 kusukela manje, iplanethi yethu ingase ingabukeki ngendlela ebukeka ngayo namuhla.
Eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule, lapho kwakhiwa izilwandle namazwekazi, kwakukhona eyodwa kuphela, I-Pangea. Namuhla, ukunyakaza kwamapuleti kuvame ukuhlukanisa amazwekazi, futhi kukhona izibikezelo zokuthi, ngemva kokuhlukana okungaka, azophinde ahlangane. Ngabe iplanethi yethu izoba njani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250?
Amazwekazi ayahamba
IBusiness Insider ihlanganise upopayi, isebenzisa ukuqagela okuvela kuprofesa UChristopher Scotese waseNorthwestern University, ukubona ngeso lengqondo izigidi zeminyaka yoMhlaba esikhathini esizayo. Lezi zibikezelo ziphakamisa ukuthi, ngokulandela ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwamapuleti, kuzofika isikhathi lapho amazwekazi ayoba ndawonye futhi ibe yinye, yakha i-supercontinent entsha. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu, njengoba kubonakala ezenzakalweni zangaphambilini zokuma kwezwe kanye nasekuqageleni kwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ake sicabange ngezwe lapho kungekho khona amazwekazi noma imingcele. Konke amazwe omhlaba ayeyohlala ndawonye engxenyeni efanayo yomhlaba futhi yilabo kuphela abahlala emaceleni abangajabulela ugu nolwandle. Ukuthutha olwandle kungabiza kakhulu ukuhambisa phakathi nezwe, futhi kuzoba namaphesenti aphezulu abantu abangeke bakwazi ukubeka unyawo ogwini kalula. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungase kuhlobane nekusasa izinguquko geological emhlabeni.
Amazwekazi ayaqhela komunye nomunye, futhi amanye ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe izinkumbi zomhlaba ezingase zibe khona yakha izwekazi elikhulu. Isithombe sokugcina esomhlaba onolwandle olugcwele ingxenye enkulu yohlangothi olulodwa nezinkumbi zezwe ezidudulwa ndawonye ukuze zakhe izwekazi elilodwa, elikhulu. Lolu hlobo lokufuduka lube ukhiye emlandweni we-geological of the Earth.
Ukuze uyibone kangcono, vele ubukele ividiyo. Yilokhu iplanethi yethu ezoba yiyo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-250:
Buka ividiyo mayelana nekusasa Lomhlaba
Umjikelezo we-supercontinent
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngesikhathi sokugcina 4.500 izigidi zeminyaka, Umhlaba uye wadlula emijikelezweni eminingi yama-supercontinent. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi izinkumbi zomhlaba ziyahlangana minyaka yonke. Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400 kuya ku-500. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi akusona isikhathi sokuqala ukuthi amazwekazi ahlanganiswe, futhi le nqubo iye yaphindwa ngokuqhubekayo kuwo wonke umlando wokwakheka komhlaba weplanethi, lapho amazwekazi amakhulu afana neVaalbara, Ur, Kenorland, Columbia (eyaziwa nangokuthi iNuna noma i-Hudsonia), iRodinia, iPannotia nePangea.
I-supercontinent yakamuva kakhulu, I-Pangea, yasungulwa cishe 335 izigidi zeminyaka futhi yaqala ukuhlukana eminyakeni embalwa edlule 175 noma 200 million iminyaka. Le nqubo idale imephu yomhlaba yamanje esiyaziyo. Cishe 250 izigidi zeminyaka, kukholelwa ukuthi i-supercontinent, eyayibizwa ekuqaleni I-Pangea Ultima futhi kamuva I-Pangea Proxima. Lesi simo sihambisana nemijikelezo yenguquko, njengaleyo eholele ezenzakalweni ezifana ne ukuzamazama komhlaba eNepal.
Umlando we-Geological Zomhlaba zigcwele izinguquko ezibalulekile ezithinta ukwakheka kwawo.
I-Pangea Proxima: i-supercontinent ezayo
Ukuqagela kwe UChristopher Scotese ithathe ukunaka komhlaba wonke futhi yakha intshisekelo yokuthi ingaba njani I-Pangea Proxima. Imephu yegciwane eyabiwe ku-Reddit ibonise ukuthi iplanethi yethu ingase ibukeke kanjani esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwalokhu kuqagela, ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba izohlanganiswa, nakuba iziqhingi ezinjengeNew Zealand, iChukotka (eyingxenye yendawo yamanje esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia) kanye neScotland, ezohlukaniswa neNgilandi neWales, zizohlala. Phakathi nendawo bekuzokuba yi-Indian Ocean, osekuyi-Indian Sea.
Kepha España, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izohlala enyakatho futhi ihlale inamathele ePortugal naseFrance, kodwa futhi izojoyina i-Italy, iMorocco, i-Algeria neTunisia. Kodwa-ke, imingcele yamanje yezombangazwe ibhekwa njengento engenakwenzeka ukuba iqhubeke ngemva kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-250, futhi izinguquko zendawo kanye nezimo zezulu zingaba nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngaleso sikhathi. Lezi zinguquko zisikhumbuza ukubaluleka ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okungashintsha kakhulu izimo zethu zokuphila.
Iphuzu elifanele ukuthi Izimo zokuphila ku-Pangea Proxima zingaba ngokwedlulele.. Ukuqagela kusikisela ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi elisha izobhekana namazinga okushisa adlulayo 40 ° C, obekungenza kungahlaleki ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Amaphesenti angu-8 kuya kwangu-16 kuphela obuso bomhlaba okulindeleke ukuba kuhlale kuwo, okuvusa imibuzo engathi sína ngokusebenza kwempilo njengoba sikwazi namuhla, okufana nezinselelo ezinye izifunda manje ezibhekene nazo ngenxa ukufudumala kwezwe.
Izibikezelo zesimo sezulu nezimila
Njengoba i-plate tectonics iqhubeka nenkambo yayo, kulindeleke ukuthi izinguquko ezibalulekile zesimo sezulu. Lapho ekugcineni ulwandle luhlakazeka, kungase kuvele izintaba ezintsha ngenxa yokushayisana kwamapuleti. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwa Inyuvesi yaseBristol, kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngenkathi kwakhiwa iPangea Proxima, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kungaholela ekwenyukeni kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa njenge-carbon dioxide (CO₂). Lesi simo sihlobene kakhulu nokuthi kanjani isimo sezulu zingashintsha kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Lokhu kungase kubangele isenzakalo esiyinhlekelele, njengoba inhlanganisela yamazinga okushisa akhuphukayo nezindawo ezincishisiwe okuhlalwa kuzo kungase kudlule amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Izindawo ezinkulu ze-supercontinent kulindeleke ukuthi zibe izingwadule, zenze ukuphila njengoba sikwazi kucishe kungabi namandla, inkinga engabonakala nasezimeni zezinhlekelele zemvelo zanamuhla, njengoba kubikiwe izinhlekelele zemvelo zomlando.
Amamodeli wesimo sezulu alezi zinguquko asekelwe kwinhlanganisela yedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba nezifaniso zekhompyutha, futhi nakuba ziwukuqagela, zinikeza amazwibela abalulekile ekusasa leplanethi yethu. Nokho, lawa mamodeli aqukethe nokungaqiniseki; Ukwehluka kokuhlelwa kokugcina kwamazwekazi kubonisa ubunkimbinkimbi bokusebenzelana phakathi kwawo kanye nezimo ze-geological.
Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa Bangase futhi babe nomthelela ezitshalweni zesikhathi esizayo ze-Pangea Proxima.
Imithelela esintwini
Ukuba nokwenzeka kwezwekazi elisha kanye nezimo ezimbi kakhulu engaziveza nakho kuphakamisa imibuzo ngekusasa lesintu. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi, njengesikhathi esidlule, ikusasa lingase liphawuleka ngokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi noma ukujwayela izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane endaweni ehluke kakhulu. Abanye abacwaningi, njenge Alexander Farnsworth, basikisela ukuthi ukwanda kwemisebe yelanga nokushisa okukhulu enkabeni yePangea Ultima kungenza kube nzima ngezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kuhlanganise nabantu, ukuba ziphile, okuyindaba okuye kwaxoxwa ngayo nayo ngokuphathelene nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, umlando woMhlaba ukhomba ukuthi impilo ihlale ithola izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esikude, izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo zingavela ngenxa yezimo ezintsha zemvelo, njengoba nje zazenza esikhathini esidlule. Ukujwayela impilo ingathatha izindlela ezingalindelekile, inselele imibono yethu mayelana nokushabalala nokuqhubeka kokuphila eMhlabeni.
